利用无噪线性光放大器增加连续变量量子密钥分发最远传输距离

如何提高实际量子密钥分发系统的安全码率和最远传输距离是量子密码学领域重要的研究课题. 本文采用量子无噪线性光放大器放大量子信号, 以改进连续变量量子密钥分发系统实际性能. 经仔细研究, 本文发现增益系数为g的线性无噪放大器可将连续变量量子密钥分发系统的最远安全传输距离提高20 log₁₀(g)/a km (a=0.2 dB/km为光纤信道的损耗系数), 并改善系统的安全码率和噪声抗性. 关键词： 量子密钥分发 连续变量 最远传输距离 线性无噪放大器     

连续变量Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen纠缠态光场在光纤信道中分发时纠缠的鲁棒性

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen纠缠态光场是实现基于光纤的连续变量量子信息处理的重要量子光源,其在光纤信道分发时会与信道相互作用发生解纠缠,影响量子信息处理的性能.本文利用部分转置正定判据分析了Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen纠缠态光场在单通道和双通道光纤信道分发方案中,其初始态的关联正交分量对称性、模式对称性、纯度和光纤信道额外噪声对传输距离、纠缠态光场的纠缠特性及鲁棒性的影响.在单通道和双通道方案中,光纤信道的额外噪声都会引起纠缠态光场的解纠缠,随着噪声的增大,传输距离迅速减小.要保持Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen纠缠态光场在光纤损耗信道中的纠缠鲁棒性,双通道方案比单通道方案对初始态的关联正交分量对称性和纯度方面的要求更为苛刻.而且单光纤噪声通道分发方案对模式对称性参数不敏感,模式对称性参数变化不会引起解纠缠,也不影响最大传输距离和纠缠鲁棒性特征;在双光纤噪声通道分发时,模式不对称参数降低会减小最大传输距离,并出现纠缠突然死亡.     

纠缠相干态的量子隐形传态

提出利用双模纠缠相干态作为量子信道，实现纠缠相干态量子隐形传态的方案. 分别在非正交的相干态表象和另一个由相干态构成的正交态表象对双模纠缠相干态的隐形传态进行具体分析. 发现在相干态表象，虽然只要线性光学元件就可以完成隐形传态，但成功的概率小于1/2，而在正交态表象，只要能分辨4个由相干态构成的Bell态，成功的概率就是1. 关键词： 隐形传态 纠缠相干态 纠缠相干态量子信道     

安徽量子通信技术有限公司

<正>量子密钥分发实验系统(BB84)利用量子态的不确定原理、量子态不可克隆原理、量子不可分原理等,将信息编码在单光子的量子态上,可完成量子密钥分发,结合一次一密的加密方式,可实现理论上的无条件安全保密通信。搭建量子密钥分发实验光路学习量子密钥分发BB84协议掌握量子信息编码方法实现量子保密通信全过程开发量子保密通信新的应用小型纠缠源实验系统性能指标波长:810nm。单路计数率:100kps符合计数率:6kps纠缠品质:92%泵浦光功率:0~100mw符合计数器门宽:3ns~10ns应用高亮纠缠光子源高亮单光子源量子成像极化关联曲线实验四种Bell态的制备Bell不等式测量单、双光子干涉实验     

无噪线性放大的连续变量量子隐形传态

连续变量量子隐形传态在实际的量子通信中起着至关重要的作用.然而,实际环境的噪声与损耗会导致量子纠缠的退化,极大地影响系统的传输性能,尤其是降低系统的传输距离,阻碍其实际应用.本文提出了无噪线性放大的连续变量量子隐形传态方案,利用无噪线性放大器对退化的纠缠源进行放大,从而补偿光纤损耗信道对纠缠源的衰减影响,提升系统的性能.本文详细分析了不同损耗信道和纠缠源情况下,无噪线性放大器的增益系数选取范围以及不同增益对方案性能的影响.仿真结果表明,本文提出的方案相比于原方案,在保真度和传输距离方面都有较大的提升.该研究结果为长距离连续变量量子隐形传态的实际应用提供了一种切实有效的方法.     

多输入多输出量子密钥分发信道容量研究

量子安全通信是一个量子密钥分发过程,目前采用的通信技术严重制约了量子密钥分发的比特率.将多输入多输出（MIMO）技术应用于量子密钥分发系统,可提高量子密钥分发的比特率,促进量子安全通信向高速大容量发展.文中首先构造出MIMO量子密钥分发信道中多光子纠缠态Wigner算符矩阵.并在此基础上,推导出多光子双模压缩纠缠态Wigner算符矩阵和MIMO量子密钥分发信道容量.为开发稳健的MIMO量子安全通信空时处理算法和优化设计高性能MIMO量子密钥分发系统提供理论支撑和技术基础. 关键词： 多输入多输出 双模压缩态 多光子纠缠态 信道容量     

光纤色散与损耗对光量子密钥分发系统的影响

运用量子薛定谔方程，通过计算传输光场干涉强度和分析量子密钥分发系统的误码率，研究了光纤色散和损耗对量子密钥分发系统误码率的影响.研究表明，在目前的基于光纤的量子密钥分发系统中，选择色散位移光纤并以损耗最小波长1.55 μm为工作波长，同时缩短脉冲宽度，可以有效提高量子密钥系统的传输距离. 关键词： 量子保密通信 量子密钥分发 光纤色散 光纤损耗     

利用三粒子纠缠态建立量子隐形传态网络的探讨

利用W态纠缠源可以产生三纠缠粒子，用这些相互纠缠的粒子作为量子信道，再辅以经典信道传送Bell基联合测量信息和von Neumann测量信息，便可实现量子隐形传态网络.基于上述思想，研究了三纠缠粒子量子隐形传态网络的物理基础，得到了基于三粒子W 关键词： 量子通信 量子隐形传态 W态')" href="#">W态     

卷云对自由空间星地量子通信信道的影响

卷云对量子通信光信号的传输有极大的影响.根据卷云特性建立了卷云冰晶粒子的分布模型,研究了卷云的消光特性,并根据卷云的散射特性,分析了卷云冰水含量、传输距离、链路消光特性、信道容量和信道纠缠度衰减的定量关系,研究了噪声影响下隐形传态保真度的变化,并进行了仿真实验.实验结果表明,当传输距离为3 km时,在卷云冰水含量(体积质量)为0.4g·m-3的条件下,对应的链路衰减、信道容量和信道纠缠度分别为0.05 dB· km-1、0.94 dB· km-1和0.52,而在卷云冰水含量(体积质量)为0.1g·m-3的条件下,对应的链路衰减、信道容量和信道纠缠度分别为0.20 dB·km-1、0.82 dB· km-1和0.07.由实验结果可见,自南空间量子通信信道的性能在卷云的影响下均发生了不同程度的变化.因此,在进行量子通信时,需考虑卷云的影响,根据卷云的变化调整性能参数,以提高通信质量.     

基于吸收型量子存储器的多模式量子中继

量子网络的基本资源是远程的量子纠缠态,它可以支持包括量子密钥分发、量子计算机互联、分布式量子精密测量等众多量子信息的应用[1].光子是量子信息传输的最佳载体,然而由于不可避免的信道损耗,目前基于光纤的纠缠分发距离被限制在百千米量级[2].在经典通信中,这个问题可以通过中继放大器对经典信号不断放大来解决.不幸的是,由于量...     

Experimental free-space distribution of entangled photon pairs over 13 km: towards satellite-based global quantum communication

We report free-space distribution of entangled photon pairs over a noisy ground atmosphere of 13 km. It is shown that the desired entanglement can still survive after both entangled photons have passed through the noisy ground atmosphere with a distance beyond the effective thickness of the aerosphere. This is confirmed by observing a spacelike separated violation of Bell inequality of 2.45+/-0.09. On this basis, we exploit the distributed entangled photon source to demonstrate the Bennett-Brassard 1984 quantum cryptography scheme. The distribution distance of entangled photon pairs achieved in the experiment is for the first time well beyond the effective thickness of the aerosphere, hence presenting a significant step towards satellite-based global quantum communication.     

灰霾背景下基于最优链路的低轨道量子卫星星间切换策略

为了应对灰霾对星地量子通信信道所带来的突发性干扰,根据灰霾天气下量子信号在自由空间中的衰减指数,本文提出了一种基于信号功率衰减最低的最优链路量子卫星切换策略。当目前的星地链路参数满足切换条件时,地面用户通过对不同信道中量子信号功率衰减系数的比对,测试到最小衰减卫星链路,基于对光子态Bell基的测量,完成卫星间的量子纠缠交换,建立新的纠缠信道,保证通信在切换过程中的连续性。仿真结果表明,当系统呼损率为5%,能见度为1km,地面用户数分别为50、100、300,轨道高度为300km和1400km时,量子卫星的切换成功率分别为95%、93.6%、91.8%和92%、90%、87%。由此可见,本策略能够在保证通信可靠性的前提下,实现星地间量子信道的平稳切换,提高量子卫星通信系统在灰霾背景下链路的有效性。     

Storage and long-distance distribution of telecommunications-band polarization entanglement generated in an optical fiber

We demonstrate storage of polarization-entangled photons for 125 micros, a record storage time to date, in a 25-km-long fiber spool, using a telecommunications-band fiber-based source of entanglement. With this source we also demonstrate distribution of polarization entanglement over 50 km by separating the two photons of an entangled pair and transmitting them individually over separate 25-km fibers. The measured two-photon fringe visibilities were 82% in the storage experiment and 86% in the distribution experiment. Preservation of polarization entanglement over such long-distance transmission demonstrates the viability of all-fiber sources for use in quantum memories and quantum logic gates.     

An optimized technique for backscatter attenuation measurements in optical fibres

A technique which gives maximum range and sensitivity for estimating fibre attenuation from the backscattered light has been evolved. With this technique stability problems in the source and receiver are overcome by taking two different time samples for each pulse launched into the fibre, the attenuation being derived from the ratio of the two samples. An analysis indicates that an optimum operating strategy exists in terms of the choice of system parameters such that the range over which attenuation can be measured is maximized. Results indicate that local loss measurements can be performed on fibre sections which are remote from the source by a distance corresponding to a fibre attenuation of 27 dB. Furthermore, preliminary experimental results are presented to demonstrate the viability of the technique.     

Output three-mode entanglement via coherently prepared inverted Y-type atoms

In this paper, the output quantum correlations of three fields interacting with inverted Y-type atoms inside a three-mode cavity are investigated. By numerically calculating the stationary noise spectra of the fields, we show that it is possible to generate the genuine tripartite continuous variable entanglement outside the cavity by coherently preparing the atoms in a superposition of the upper excited state and two ground states initially. Our numerical results demonstrate that both zero frequency entanglement and sideband frequency entanglement can be obtained under different initial coherent conditions. In addition, we investigate the thermal fluctuation effects on the quantum entanglement. It is found out that the entanglement occurring in a high frequency regime is more robust against thermal noise than the zero frequency entanglement, which may be useful for quantum communication.     

计入地面附加衰减的声屏障插入损失估算方法*

基于理论推导和计算,给出了公路声屏障声学设计中,在考虑地面附加衰减情况下计算插入损失的方法。该方法综合考虑了有限长线声源无限长声屏障绕射声衰减量、有限长线声源地面衰减量及遮蔽角对插入损失的影响。通过与《声屏障声学设计和测量规范》（HJ/T90-2004）的计算结果的对比,验证了本文所给方法的精确性及可行性,并对规范所给地面衰减修正量进行了商榷。最后,给出了当预测点位于有限长路段中央法线上时,通过计算线声源地面衰减量得到计算插入损失所需参数值,再计算插入损失的简便方法。本研究为存在地面附加衰减情况下有限长声屏障插入损失计算提供了一个新的参考方法。     

NUMERICAL MODELLING OF MEDIAN ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE BARRIERS

Outdoor sound propagation from road traffic is modelled by solving a boundary integral equation formulation of the wave equation using boundary element techniques in two dimensions. In the first model, the source representing a traffic stream can be considered as a coherent line source of sound. The results can then be transformed to derive a pseudo-three dimensional solution to the problem. In the second model the line source is incoherent. For receivers near the ground, the second model predicted significantly higher values of ground attenuation than the first. The first model generally produced better agreement with ground attenuation results obtained using the U.K. traffic noise prediction model. For conditions when a noise barrier was present and the ground was absorbent, the incoherent line source model generally predicted significantly higher values of attenuation than those from the barrier and ground attenuation calculated separately. Over a range of receiver positions and barrier heights a similar, but less marked effect was observed when the coherent line source model was used. On dual carriageway roads, it is possible to incorporate barriers on the central reservation as a noise control measure. These are “median” noise barriers. The incoherent line source model is used to assess the performance of median barriers in reducing noise when installed alone and also with associated roadside barriers. A sound absorbent median noise barrier 1m in height produced consistent values of insertion loss of between 1 and 2dB over the range of receiver positions and ground conditions considered. When the median barrier was used in conjunction with a roadside barrier it produced a consistent improvement in insertion loss of between 1 and 2 dB over the range of conditions considered.     

地面与卫星太赫兹通信高频大气窗口分析

较大的传输路径损耗限制了太赫兹无线通信在大气中的传输距离,要想实现地面与卫星之间太赫兹波的长程传输,必须先找到低衰减的大气透明窗口。本文结合我国大气分布特点,通过大气辐射传输模型工具am（atmospheric model）对大气吸收衰减建模进行分析,从中选定适合我国地面与卫星太赫兹通信的理想地基站点;利用真实大气数据和分层传输理论,计算了地面与卫星之间太赫兹通信的总路径损耗,结合信号发射功率、天线增益、信噪比、噪声功率值和相应的路径衰减阈值,给出了天线增益分别为0～100 dBi时10～15 THz频段内的总可用带宽和大气窗口;通过将高海拔平台作为地面与卫星之间太赫兹通信的中继链路,给出了1～15 THz频段内的可用大气窗口,为我国地面与卫星通信链路的建立、地基站点和通信频段的选取提供了理论和数值参考。     

The Performance of Satellite-Based Links for Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol has high practical value. Satellite-based links are useful to build long-distance quantum communication network. The model of satellite-based links for MDI-QKD was proposed but it lacks practicality. This work further analyzes the performance of it. First, MDI-QKD and satellite-based links model are introduced. Then considering the operation of the satellite the performance of their combination is studied under different weather conditions. The results may provide important references for combination of optical-fiber-based links on the ground and satellite-based links in space, which is helpful for large-scale quantum communication network.     

Efficient long-distance quantum communication using microtoroidal resonators

Based on the interaction between a three-level system and a microtoroidal resonator, we present a scheme for long-distance quantum communication in which entanglement generation with near 0.5 success probability and swaps can be implemented by accurate state detection via measuring about 100 photons. With this scheme the average time of successful entanglement distribution over 2500 km with high fidelity can be decreased to only about 30 ms.