红景天中红景天甙和酪醇的毛细管电泳法分析

利用毛细管电泳法分离测定两种红景天中红景天甙和酪醇的含量,所用毛细管规格为48.5cm×50μm,二极管阵列紫外检测器(DAD)检测波长221nm,最佳分离条件:电压21kV,分离温度25℃,背景电解质为含有30mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),2.5+97.5(V/V)乙腈的14mmol/L硼酸溶液,pH10.7。红景天甙与酪醇分别在60.0～7.5μg/mL和27.5～3.5μg/mL质量浓度范围内与电泳峰面积呈现良好线性关系,检测下限分别为3.0和1.5μg/mL。对标准品进行6次测定,迁移时间的RSD为0 25%和0 39%,峰面积的RSD为5 26%和3 52%。     

胶束在线扫集毛细管电泳法测定三聚氰胺

研究胶束在线扫集毛细管电泳法测定三聚氰胺的可行性,结果表明,与区带毛细管电泳相比,胶束在线扫集毛细管电泳法富集倍数提高约60倍。缓冲体系为140 mmol/L SDS+20 mmol/L NaH2PO4(pH 2.20)+10%(体积分数)甲醇,分离电压-18 kV,进样时间30 s,测量波长214 nm。考察了SDS浓度、pH、进样时间、运行电压等因素对分离测定的影响情况。在优化条件下,三聚氰胺在9 min时出峰,峰面积RSD≤3.7%。方法检出限、线性范围、相关系数分别为:0.13μg/mL、0.50~32.0μg/mL、0.9997。方法可用于奶粉中三聚氰胺的分离测定。     

毛细管电泳检测大鼠大脑皮质中三磷酸腺苷二钠含量的动态变化

本文建立了大鼠大脑皮质中三磷酸腺苷二钠(ATP)检测的毛细管电泳方法。以89 mmol/L Tris,89 mmol/L硼酸,2 mmol/L EDTA组成的缓冲液(1×TBE,pH8.0)为分离电解质,在聚丙烯酰胺涂层毛细管上,ATP能与样品中的其它组分高效分离。ATP的浓度在0.5~10μg/mL范围内其峰面积和浓度有良好的线性关系。方法的检出限为0.04μg/mL。ATP迁移时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为0.8%和5.7%(n=5)。探讨了脑缺血再灌流后ATP含量的变化规律,结果表明短暂脑缺血再灌流后存在着继发性能量衰竭的现象。     

微芯片毛细管电泳快速测定盐酸洛美沙星

采用微芯片毛细管电泳非接触电导检测法快速测定了盐酸洛美沙星胶囊中盐酸洛美沙星的含量。探讨了缓冲液类型、浓度,添加剂种类、浓度及分离电压、进样时间等因素对分离检测的影响。实验采用5.0mmol/L HAc(pH=2.5)+5%乙醇为缓冲溶液,分离电压3.0 kV,在1 min内实现了盐酸洛美沙星的快速分离测定。优化条件下盐酸洛美沙星的线性范围为20.0～250.0μg/mL,检出限为10.0μg/mL(S/N=3),RSD=2.0%,加标回收率为98.6%～103%。     

毛细管电泳法快速测定保健食品中免疫球蛋白G

建立了毛细管电泳法快速测定保健食品中免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量的方法,成功测定了不同剂型(片剂、粉剂及胶囊)牛初乳保健品中IgG的含量。以37 cm×50μm(i.d.)未涂敷熔融石英毛细管为色谱分离柱,50 mmol/L四硼酸钾 65 g/L聚乙二醇20 000(1 mol/L氢氧化铯调pH 10.0)为运行缓冲液,于214 nm波长处检测。详细研究了影响实际样品中IgG分离及准确定量的关键因素,如添加剂的种类、浓度;运行及样品缓冲液的浓度及pH等。采用峰面积外标法定量。方法的精密度为2.1%(n=7);检出限为6.25 mg/L(S/N=3);线性范围为50~2000 mg/L;400 mg/L IgG迁移时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.14%;峰面积的RSD为2.9%(n=7)。6 m in内即可实现保健食品中IgG的分离与测定,结果与产品标示值基本吻合。     

9-芴甲氧羰酰氯柱前衍生-高效毛细管电泳法测定人血浆中牛磺酸

建立了区带毛细管电泳法快速测定人血浆中牛磺酸的方法.血浆样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白并离心后,上清液中牛磺酸与9-芴甲氧羰酰氯在室温及pH 9.5条件下避光反应20 min,生成具有紫外吸收的衍生产物,以40 mmol/L的乙酸钠(pH 4.6)为运行缓冲溶液,熔融石英毛细管为分离柱;分离电压22kV;紫外检测.实验结果表明:在优化的实验条件下,样品检测仅需9 min,牛磺酸质量浓度在2.5~40.0 μg/mL范围内具良好线性关系(r=0.9995),检出限为0.8 mg/L(S/N=3),迁移时间和峰面积RSD分别为0.27%和1.8%,加标回收率90.3%～108.0%.用本法测定18名健康成人血浆中的牛磺酸,均值为15.8±3.2μg/mL.     

电堆集-场放大进样非水毛细管电泳法测定苦参中的三种生物碱

建立了电堆集-场放大进样非水毛细管电泳法分离测定苦参中的槐定碱、苦参碱和氧化苦参碱。采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管(50cm×50μm i.d.,有效柱长36cm),紫外检测波长为209nm,运行缓冲溶液为50mmol/L乙酸铵-20%乙腈-0.75%乙酸-55%甲醇,分离电压20kV,电动进样20kV、15s,重力进水柱时间20s时达到最佳的分离效果。在优化条件下,上述三种生物碱均在15min内出峰,峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%。检出限分别达到2.02μg/L、1.32μg/L和1.01μg/L。     

在线扫集-胶束电动毛细管色谱法对活血通脉片中阿魏酸与原儿茶醛的分离测定

建立了在线扫集-胶束电动毛细管色谱法同时分离测定活血通脉片中阿魏酸和原儿茶醛含量的方法。讨论了pH值、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)浓度、电压、有机溶剂、进样时间和背景电解质组成对分离效果的影响。结果表明:采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管,以20 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠、140 mmol/LSDS为电泳缓冲液(含16%甲醇,pH2.2),在优化条件下,阿魏酸和原儿茶醛在19 min内出峰,峰面积RSD均小于5%,其线性范围分别为0.67~21.4、0.72~23 mg/L,回收率分别为94%~108%、91%~106%,检出限(S/N=3)分别达55.5、34.8μg/L。与胶束电动毛细管色谱相比,在线扫集-胶束电动毛细管色谱分离效果稳定,重现性好。该方法用于活血通脉片中阿魏酸、原儿茶醛含量的测定,结果满意。     

毛细管电泳-电致化学发光法测定淮山药中胆碱和尿囊素

基于胆碱和尿囊素均能增强联吡啶钌的电致化学发光信号,建立了毛细管电泳-电化学发光法(CE-ECL)分离检测淮山药中胆碱和尿囊素的方法。在优化实验条件下,胆碱和尿囊素均在0.5～1000μg/L范围内与发光强度呈良好线性,检出限分别为0.02μg/L和0.04μg/L。对0.5 mg/L胆碱和0.5 mg/L尿囊素混合溶液连续6次测定,胆碱和尿囊素峰高的RSD分别为1.8%和2.0%,迁移时间的RSD分别为0.98%和1.1%。该方法已用于样品中胆碱和尿囊素测定,加标回收率在95.6%～101.1%之间,RSD≤2.5%。     

胶束扫集毛细管电泳快速测定止咳露中的麻黄碱和可待因

采用胶束扫集毛细管电泳, 建立了快速测定止咳露中麻黄碱和可待因含量的方法, 并通过日间实验、柱间实验等对方法的稳定性进行了考察研究.胶束扫集电动色谱缓冲体系含60 mmol/L 十二烷基磺酸钠, 10 mmol/L NaH2PO4 (pH 2.20), 18%乙腈(V/V), 分离电压-14 kV, 测量波长200 nm. 讨论了pH、 SDS浓度、样品溶剂等对分离效果的影响. 在优化条件下, 麻黄碱和可待因均在5 min内出峰, 方法检出限(μg/mL)、线性范围(μg/mL)、相关系数分别为: 麻黄碱 0.433、 1.73～27.7、 0.9997, 可待因0.833、 3.33～50.3、 0.9996, 回收率在96.7%～103.5%之间. 峰面积日内RSD≤4.2% (n=5), 日间RSD≤8.0% (n=5), 柱间实验RSD≤2.3% (n=3).     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.