钛合金表面铁氧化物膜层类Fenton催化剂制备及降解苯酚性能

采用微弧氧化法在硅酸盐电解液体系中于钛合金表面成功制备了铁氧化物膜层类Fenton催化剂。采用SEM、XRD以及XPS对所得膜层的表面形貌、晶体结构及物相组成进行表征,发现膜层中含有金红石相TiO_2(R-TiO_2),和非晶态的铁氧化物Fe_3O_4;对膜层的表面形貌分析发现电解液中加入铁氰化钾后表面粗糙度及平均孔尺寸增大。以苯酚作为目标降解物,研究了膜层类Fenton催化活性,同时研究了铁源含量、苯酚浓度、H_2O_2投料量以及pH值对膜层降解苯酚效率的影响,优化了降解条件,研究发现在pH 3.0、温度30℃、H_2O_26.0 mmol·L~(-1)、苯酚35 mg·L~(-1)及铁氰化钾含量10 g·L~(-1)的条件下降解90 min,苯酚降解效率可达90%。通过对不同温度下降解苯酚的反应动力学研究,利用阿伦尼乌斯方程得到了该膜层类Fenton降解苯酚的反应活化能Ea为96.9 kJ·mol~(-1)。最后,评价了膜层的稳定性并分析了稳定性衰减的原因。     

多酸Eu-PMo12O40可逆变色/荧光开关性质对维生素C的光谱检测

将VC等量加入Eu-PMo₁₂O₄₀溶液中,PMo₁₂O₄₀^3-被还原由浅黄色变为蓝色,同时Eu³⁺的荧光淬灭。利用UV-Vis、PL光谱法分别测定不同VC浓度下Eu-PMo₁₂O₄₀的紫外可见光谱、荧光光谱,以700 nm处的吸光度对VC浓度作图,得到VC的线性检测范围为0~0.40 mmol·L^-1、检出限为0.0258μmol·L^-1;以591 nm处的荧光强度对VC浓度作图,获得VC的线性检测范围为0~0.64 mmol·L^-1、检出限为0.0361μmol·L^-1。最后,在VC还原和H₂O₂氧化下,研究了Eu-PMo₁₂O₄₀变色/荧光开关性质的可逆性以及对VC检测的可重复使用性。     

两个一维配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构、电化学及光学性质

合成了2个新的Robson大环配位聚合物{[Mn₂L¹(1,4-bix)₂](ClO₄)₂·5H₂O·DMF}_n(1)和{[Cu₂L²(1,4-bix)](ClO₄)₂}_n(2)(H₂L¹和H₂L²分别为1,3-丙二胺与2,6-二甲酰基-4-氟苯酚和2,6-二甲酰基-4-氯苯酚通过[2+2]缩合的产物)。2个配合物通过1,4-二(1,2,4-三唑-1-甲基)苯(1,4-bix)桥连大环单元形成一维链状结构。配合物的HOMO-LUMO能带间隙通过循环伏安法、紫外-可见漫反射光谱进行了测定,结果表明有较低的能带间隙。     

碳酸盐共沉淀法可控制备超高倍率锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2

采用碳酸盐共沉淀法通过调节NH₃·H₂O用量来实现可控制备超高倍率纳米结构LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂正极材料。NH₃·H₂O用量会对颗粒的形貌、粒径、晶体结构以及材料电化学性能产生较大的影响。X射线衍射（XRD）分析和扫描电镜（SEM）结果表明,随着NH₃·H₂O用量的降低,一次颗粒形貌由纳米片状逐渐过渡到纳米球状,且n_NH3·H2O：（n_Ni+n_Co+n_Mn）=1：2样品晶体层状结构最完善、Li⁺/Ni²⁺阳离子混排程度最低。电化学性能测试结果也证实了n_NH3·H2O：（n_Ni+n_Co+n_Mn）=1：2样品具有最优异的循环稳定性和超高倍率性能。具体而言,在2.7~4.3 V,1C下循环300次后的放电比容量为119 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率为81%,中值电压基本无衰减（保持率为97%）。在100C（18 Ah·g^-1）的超高倍率下,放电比容量还能达到56 mAh·g^-1,具有应用于高功率型锂离子电池的前景。此NH₃·H₂O比例值对于共沉淀法制备其他高倍率、高容量的正/负极氧化物材料具有一定的工艺参考价值。     

自组装的四(4-N,N-二乙胺基苯基)卟啉/多酸(钠)有机/无机复合薄膜及其气敏性质

选择Keggin型12-磷钨酸（TPA）及其钠盐（NaTP）水溶液为亚相,用四（4-N,N-二乙胺基苯基）卟啉化合物（H₂TNPP）自组装膜为功能模板,釆用低成本的QLS法成功制备了2种新型有机/无机复合材料：H₂TNPP/TPA,H₂TNPP/NaTP QLS薄膜。薄膜结构、形貌及半导体性质测试发现：H₂TNPP分子在H₂TNPP/TPA,H₂TNPP/NaTP复合膜中均采取H-聚集模式,TPA亚相上H-聚集程度更大。而在纯H₂TNPP膜中其为J-聚集模式。3种薄膜表面均为纳米颗粒形貌,以H₂TNPP/NaTP膜表面颗粒均一,颗粒尺寸最小（~60 nm）,H₂TNPP/TPA膜表面缺陷较多,颗粒尺寸最大（~150 nm）。薄膜导电性依次为H₂TNPP/NaTP（3.00×10^-5 S·cm^-1）>H₂TNPP/TPA（2.49×10^-5 S·cm^-1）>H₂TNPP膜（1.53×10^-5 S·cm^-1）。常温气敏测试发现：3种薄膜在30 s内对浓度小于1.88 mg·m^-3的NO₂气体都有响应,灵敏度依次为H₂TNPP/NaTP（43%）>H₂TNPP膜（16%）>H₂TNPP/TPA（4.5%）。具有最小颗粒尺寸和最高导电性的H₂TNPP/NaTP复合薄膜具有最高的灵敏度,并且对NO₂检测限低至0.094 mg·m^-3。显示出了非常高的实际应用价值。本研究为制备低成本、高灵敏度、环境友好的快速室温NO₂气敏器件提供了一种新的策略。     

三维Cu-MOF对亚甲蓝的吸附和光催化降解及其机理

本文报道了[Cu₃(ppda)₃(tib)₂(H₂O)₄]·6H₂O (Cu-MOF)的合成、结构、吸附和光催化降解性能。在Cu-MOF中，1，4-苯二乙酸(H₂ppda)和1，3，5-三(1-咪唑基)苯(tib)配体交替连接Cu离子形成二维层，层与层之间通过trans-ppda^2-相互穿插形成稳定的三维结构。Cu-MOF对亚甲蓝(MB)的催化效率为97%，最高反应速率常数为0.019 7 min^-1。光催化降解机理：在光的激发下，催化剂表面的光生电子和空穴对发生分离，并与O₂、H₂O、H₂O₂反应生成活性物质，将染料降解为CO₂和H₂O。在MB溶液中加入NaCl (200 g·L^-1)后，Cu-MOF的吸附量有所提升(87.23 mg·g^-1)，准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型的实验数据拟合程度较好，该吸附的主要过程为单层化学吸附。     

Co3O4/ZnO修饰针灸针的制备及其在葡萄糖检测领域的应用

将Co₃O₄/ZnO针状纳米棒材料修饰到针灸针表面用于检测葡萄糖浓度的变化。首先采用水热法在针灸针表面得到Co（CO₃）_0.5（OH）·0.11H₂O针状纳米棒前驱体,然后在500 ℃条件下退火3 h得到Co₃O₄针状纳米棒阵列。再采用浸渍法将预制备好的ZnO量子点修饰到Co₃O₄针状纳米棒表面,得到Co₃O₄/ZnO复合修饰的针灸针。研究发现此针灸针对葡萄糖具有较好的电流响应（2 264.27 μA·L·mmol^-1·cm^-2）、较快的响应速度（<4 s）及较低的检测极限（0.311 μmol·L^-1（S/N=3））。且该针灸针在用于检测人体模拟细胞液中葡萄糖浓度时,对抗坏血酸和尿素等表现出较强的抗干扰性。     

不同形貌Co3O4的制备及其活化过一硫酸盐降解亚甲基蓝的性能

分别采用尿素水热-煅烧法、化学浴沉积-煅烧法和草酸盐热解法制备出具有不同形貌的Co₃O₄（Co₃O₄-A、Co₃O₄-B和Co₃O₄-C） 粉体材料,对比了它们作为催化剂活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）降解亚甲基蓝（MB）的性能。结果表明,3种Co₃O₄材料均具有分级微/纳米结构,形貌分别呈绒球状、无规则颗粒状和纤维状。PMS在3种催化剂作用下的分解过程均符合一级反应动力学模型,反应速率常数依次为0.047 1、0.217 4和0.003 7 min^-1。无规则颗粒状Co₃O₄-B表现出最高的PMS活化性能,是其具有最大比表面积、最高表面氧空位浓度以及表面羟基密度综合作用的结果。在催化剂用量0.02 g·L^-1、PMS投加量0.6 mmol·L^-1的工艺参数条件下,Co₃O₄-B/PMS高级氧化体系在25 min内对MB的降解即可达98.33%。电子顺磁共振测试证实Co₃O₄-B/PMS高级氧化体系中存在·SO₄^-、·OH、·O₂^-和¹O₂四种活性氧物种,基于此提出了Co₃O₄-B活化PMS及降解MB的反应机理。     

Co3O4/ZnO修饰针灸针的制备及其在葡萄糖检测领域的应用

将Co₃O₄/ZnO针状纳米棒材料修饰到针灸针表面用于检测葡萄糖浓度的变化。首先采用水热法在针灸针表面得到 Co（CO₃）_0.5（OH）·0.11H₂O针状纳米棒前驱体,然后在500 ℃条件下退火3 h得到Co₃O₄针状纳米棒阵列。再采用浸渍法将预制备好的ZnO量子点修饰到Co₃O₄针状纳米棒表面,得到Co₃O₄/ZnO复合修饰的针灸针。研究发现此针灸针对葡萄糖具有较好的电流响应（2 264.27 μA·L·mmol^-1·cm^-2）、较快的响应速度（<4 s）及较低的检测极限（0.311 μmol·L^-1（S/N=3））。且该针灸针在用于检测人体模拟细胞液中葡萄糖浓度时,对抗坏血酸和尿素等表现出较强的抗干扰性。     

表面缺陷α-Fe2O3(001)纳米片双活性位点类芬顿催化剂用于降解污染物

纯Fe₂O₃表面活性位点较少具有较低的催化活性限制了其在多相芬顿催化体系中的应用。通常采用元素掺杂、贵金属负载以及与其它化合物质复合等改性措施来提升催化活性,然而这些措施存在催化剂制备复杂,制备成本高以及催化剂的精细结构难以精准控制等问题。因此,本文提出在α-Fe₂O₃表面引入氧空位缺陷构筑双活性位点（Fe²⁺和氧空位）用于促进H₂O₂分解提高降解污染物降解效率。实验结果发现α-Fe₂O_3-x-330/H₂O₂体系具有较宽的pH使用范围（pH=2~10）。当pH=4时,罗丹明B的降解速率常数为0.834 h^-1,而且催化剂具有磁性,易回收重复使用。催化机理研究表明氧空位缺陷α-Fe₂O_3-x催化剂的氧空位和Fe²⁺两种活性位点均可促进H₂O₂分解,而且氧空位的引入有利于污染物在催化剂表面的吸附进一步提高催化性能。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.