ZSM-5分子筛酸性质对甲醛合成三聚甲醛催化性能的影响

ZSM-5分子筛是合成三聚甲醛的有效催化剂。本工作通过XRF、XRD、SEM、NH₃-TPD、Py-FTIR和²⁷Al MAS NMR等手段对一系列不同SiO₂/Al₂O₃物质的量比的ZSM-5分子筛催化剂进行了表征,研究了ZSM-5分子筛中Brønsted酸中心和Lewis酸中心对其甲醛合成三聚甲醛催化性能的影响。结果表明,SiO₂/Al₂O₃物质的量比为250的ZSM-5分子筛具有合适的Brønsted酸中心用于催化甲醛缩聚为三聚甲醛的反应,同时其Lewis酸中心量极少,可有效抑制Cannizzaro或Tishchenko等副反应,提高三聚甲醛的选择性,因而具有最佳的合成三聚甲醛催化性能。寿命实验评价结果显示,SiO₂/Al₂O₃物质的量比为250的ZSM-5分子筛具有良好的催化稳定性,单程寿命长达114 h,并且可通过550℃焙烧再生恢复其催化活性。     

Aromatization of propene on ZSM-5 zeolites

Cu-ZSM-5, CuZn-ZSM-5 and H-ZSM-5 have been studied for propene aromatization at comparable conditions. It was established that all samples are active for aromatization (yields 50%) and demonstrate high selectivity for benzene, toluene and xylenes formation ( 90%). The role of acid centers in all stage of the aromatization is discussed.

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Cu-ZSM-5, CuZn-ZSM-5 H-ZSM-5 . ( 50%) , ( 90%). .

     

ZSM-5分子筛骨架铝落位对甲醇转化制芳烃催化性能影响

采用水热合成法,在合成过程中通过添加矿化剂、尿素和改变硅源,制备了不同骨架铝落位的ZSM-5分子筛。通过SEM、XRD、BET、XRF、MAS NMR、NH_3-TPD和Py-FTIR等表征手段对分子筛的形貌、织构、骨架铝落位和酸性进行了系统研究,同时考察了不同ZSM-5分子筛催化剂甲醇制芳烃的催化性能。研究结果表明,制备的ZSM-5分子筛均具有结晶度高和形貌均一等特点,但在骨架铝落位和酸性方面存在显著差异。椭球状ZSM-5分子筛的骨架铝主要分布于直通孔道或正弦孔道中,并表现出较多的酸性位。块状分子筛中骨架铝主要落位在孔道交叉处,且具有较低的强酸量。在甲醇制芳烃反应中,骨架铝主要位于直通或正弦孔道并表现出较多酸性位的椭球状ZSM-5分子筛催化剂具有较高的活性稳定性和芳烃选择性。     

Effect of the nature of the ion-exchange cation on the acidity of ZSM-5 zeolites

The acidic properties of the initial and copper-, cerium-, and cobalt-containing high-silica TsVK and TsVN zeolites of the ZSM-S type with SiO21A1203 ratios of 68 and 37, respectively, were investigated by IR spectroscopy and programmed thermal desorption of ammonia. It was shown that the introduction of copper, cerium, and cobalt cations leads to redistribution of the acid centers in the Ts VK and Ts VN zeolites according to their strength, while hardly changing their overall concentration. The strength of the Brnsted acid centers of CuTsVK, CeTsVN, and CoNTsVK zeolites correlates with their activity in the selective reduction of nitrogen oxides by hydrocarbons.     

不同碱处理制备多级孔HZSM-5催化剂及噻吩烷基化性能研究

用Na₂CO₃、TPAOH和TPA⁺/CO₃^2-混合碱分别处理HZSM-5分子筛,采用FT-IR、XRD、XRF、N₂吸附脱附、SEM、NH₃-TPD及Py-FTIR表征手段对各类碱处理前后的HZSM-5分子筛进行表征。结果表明,3种类型的碱处理HZSM-5分子筛后,均能形成微孔-介孔多级孔道的HZSM-5(A)催化剂,并能调变催化剂的酸性,其中,TPA⁺/CO₃^2-混合碱处理得到的HZSM-5(TPA⁺/CO₃^2-)催化剂,比表面积最大,介孔数量最多。在小型固定床反应器上,考察了HZSM-5和HZSM-5(A)催化剂的噻吩烷基化性能,结果表明,HZSM-5(TPA⁺/CO₃^2-)催化剂因为具有适当的多级孔孔道和较多的B酸中心而表现出较高的噻吩转化率和1-己烯对噻吩的选择性。     

不同形貌ZSM-5分子筛的制备及其催化甲醇转化制烯烃性能

采用廉价的原料,通过添加尿素及调节碱度,在水热条件下合成了具有不同形貌的ZSM-5分子筛。研究了分子筛形貌对甲醇转化制丙烯催化性能的影响。结果表明,通过控制尿素含量及碱度,可以对ZSM-5分子筛晶体的生长方向及形貌进行调控。当urea/SiO₂(mol ratio)=0.28,Na₂O/SiO₂(mol ratio)=0.035时,所得到的分子筛沿b轴方向生长最慢,产品形貌呈薄片状,厚度为130 nm;在一定范围内提高碱度,会使分子筛形貌逐渐变为纳米颗粒聚集体。ICP、NH₃-TPD和N₂吸附表征结果表明,所合成的分子筛SiO₂/Al₂O₃物质的量比、酸性质及孔道性质接近。催化反应评价结果表明,薄片状样品HZ-1由于在b轴方向上具有更短的扩散路径,且结晶度高,在催化甲醇转化反应中不仅表现出良好的选择性,双烯(乙烯+丙烯)收率可达60%以上;P/E比(丙烯/乙烯)最高可达8.4,在连续反应200 h后,甲醇转化率仍保持在95%以上,表现出优异的催化稳定性。     

多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的制备及催化噻吩烷基化性能研究

用不同浓度的Na₂CO₃溶液处理ZSM-5分子筛,采用XRD、XRF、SEM、N₂吸附脱附及NH₃-TPD方法对处理前后的ZSM-5分子筛进行表征,并考察了Na₂CO₃溶液处理对ZSM-5分子筛孔结构、酸性以及噻吩烷基化性能的影响。结果表明,Na₂CO₃溶液处理在保持ZSM-5分子筛微孔骨架结构的同时,增加了ZSM-5分子筛的比表面积、外表面积和介孔体积,并调变了酸性。Na₂CO₃溶液处理提高了ZSM-5分子筛催化剂的噻吩烷基化活性和噻吩选择性。一定反应条件下,随着Na₂CO₃溶液浓度增加,多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的噻吩烷基化性能逐渐提高,而噻吩选择性先增加后下降。当Na₂CO₃溶液浓度为2 mol/L时,分子筛的噻吩转化率和噻吩选择性分别为81.26 %和73.15%。当Na₂CO₃溶液浓度为3 mol/L时,噻吩转化率和选择性分别为90.57 %和72.59%。     

高浓度体系制备ZSM-5分子筛及碱处理后甲醇制丙烯性能

在高浓度体系下,以粗孔硅胶和偏铝酸钠为原料,TPABr为模板剂,水热晶化法制备了ZSM-5分子筛,单釜产率23％.用不同浓度的氢氧化钠溶液对ZSM-5分子筛进行改性,采用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、NH3-TPD、XRF、N2物理吸附等方法对改性前后的样品进行了表征,并考察了改性后ZSM-5分子筛甲醇催化转化制丙烯(MTP)反应性能.结果表明,氢氧化钠改性未破坏分子筛的骨架结构,改性后样品的酸量、介孔孔容和BET比表面积均有增加,从而改善了催化剂的抗积碳性能和反应性能.在MTP反应中,增产丙烯的效果不明显,但表现出了更好的催化稳定性(催化剂使用寿命从85 h提升至110 h),并且有利于提高副产物汽油组分(∑C5+)的产量.     

热处理对HZSM-5结构、酸性及催化乙醇脱水反应性能的影响

对商用HZSM-5分子筛进行高温热处理,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、核磁共振波谱法(²⁷Al-MAS NMR)低温氮吸附、电感耦和等离子体放射光谱(ICP-AES)、氨-程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)和吡啶吸附傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱等技术对高温热处理改性前后样品进行了表征,并考察了高温热处理对分子筛的结构、酸性及催化乙醇脱水制乙烯反应性能的影响。结果表明,热处理改性后的HZSM-5分子筛发生骨架脱铝,B酸减少,L酸增多,孔容增大,出现新的介孔;适中的酸性位和复合型的介-微双孔道结构使其减少了反应中的副反应,乙烯的选择性得到提高,催化剂寿命显著提高。     

Effect of hydrogen pretreatment on catalytic properties of Ga/ZSM-5 catalyst

The hydrogen pretreatment effect on catalytic properties of Ga/ZSM-5 has been studied. The interaction between gallium and H-ZSM-5 was confirmed. This kind of interaction increases the dispersity of gallium and so the activity in aromatization of n-hexane.     

模板剂种类对ZSM-22分子筛的酸性和正癸烷加氢异构化催化反应性能的影响

分别以1,6-己二胺和1-乙基溴化吡啶为模板剂,采用静态晶化法合成了不同硅铝比的ZSM-22分子筛;采用XRD、XRF、N₂物理吸附、SEM、NH₃-TPD和Py-IR等手段对分子筛的结构和酸性进行了表征;采用浸渍法制备了0.5%Pd/ZSM-22双功能催化剂,对金属Pd的分散度用H₂化学吸附进行表征,并在微型固定床反应器上考察了该催化剂对正癸烷加氢异构化反应的催化性能。结果表明,模板剂种类显著影响ZSM-22分子筛的结构和酸性,以DAH为模板剂合成的ZSM-22分子筛晶粒粒径小,异构化产物从分子筛孔道内扩散的程距更短,而且具有更高的B/L值和相对温和的酸性,在正癸烷加氢异构化反应中,金属位与分子筛的酸性位实现协同催化作用,具有更高的催化活性和异构化选择性。     

Effect of variations in pore structure and acidity of alkali treated ZSM-5 on the isomerization performance

A series of alkali treated ZSM-5 samples were prepared and the effects of the alkali treatment conditions on the n-hexane isomerization performance of Pt/ZSM-5 were investigated. The characterization by XRD, N₂-adsorption, XRF, NH₃-TPD, Py-IR and NMR revealed that alkali treatment conditions had the effects on the crystallinity, textural property, Si/Al ratio and acidity of ZSM-5. Mild alkali treatment led to the reduction of the strong acid sites and did not distinctly change the pore structure, whereas severe alkali treatment resulted in the creation of the stronger acid sites and new mesopores. The correlation of the acidity and pore structure and isomerization behavior was established. It was proposed that the conversion of n-hexane was dependent on the amount of strong acid sites and irrelevant to the properties of acid sites and the pore structure. However, the selectivity for iso-hexanes was irrelevant to both the acidity and pore structure. The relative amount of dimethylbutanes (DMB) and methylpentanes (MP) in isomers was related not only to the pore structure, but to the acidity of ZSM-5. The suitable alkali treatment condition facilitated the high yield of isomers and the formation of more DMB.     

无粘结剂成型的Zn/ZSM-5催化剂上混合碳四烃类芳构化反应性能

制备了无粘结剂成型的Zn/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,并与机械压片和引入氧化铝或氧化硅粘结剂成型的催化剂相比较,采用N2-物理吸附-脱附、扫描电子显微镜、NH3-程序升温脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并评价了催化剂上混合碳四烃类芳构化反应性能.结果表明,相对于机械压片和引入粘结剂成型的催...     

Modification of zeolites usingin situ generated active species in the gas phase: II. Redox processes over the Mo5+ isolated sites in zeolites ZSM-5 and beta

The redox ability of isolated Mo⁵⁺ cations in model MoH-beta and MoH-ZSM-5 systems is studied byin situ ESR. The oxidation of reduced samples by nitrogen monoxide at 20°C proceeds much faster than oxidation by oxygen. The interaction between Mo⁵⁺ ions and propene at 20°C results in the formation of a complex in which the oxidizability of Mo(V) by NO is substantially enhanced. UV irradiation increases the oxidation rate for Mo⁵⁺ ions in HZSM-5 by nitrogen monoxide at 20°C, indicating the possibility for the photochemical activation of the process. The step of active site reduction during the interaction of the samples with the H₂ + NO + He gas mixtures of various compositions at 500°C is fast, and the dynamic equilibrium of the redox Mo(V) ai Mo(VI) reaction is shifted to the left Deceased.     

Photochemical properties of Ag ion clusters included within ZSM-5 zeolites prepared by an ion-exchange method

Photoluminescence investigations of the Ag ion-exchanged ZSM-5 (Ag⁺ /ZSM-5) zeolite revealed that a Ag ion cluster (Agⁿ _m ⁺) exists in the pore structure of ZSM-5 exhibiting photoluminesm cence at 380 nm upon excitation at 332 nm. UV irradiation ( = 285 nm) of Ag⁺ /ZSM-5 at 77 K leads to the transformation of Agⁿ _m ⁺ into a different Ag ion cluster (Ag_m ^(n-1)+) which exhibits photoluminescence at 465 nm upon excitation at 315 nm. This photo-transformation of the Ag ion clusters was found to be thermally reversible under vacuum. It was demonstrated that an electron transfer from the photo-excited Al³⁺ -O^2- to Agⁿ _m ⁺ plays a significant role in this process. In the presence of oxygen, UV irradiation of Ag⁺ /ZSM-5 leads to the formation of O₂- instead of an Ag ion cluster (Ag_m ^(n-1)+), suggesting that oxygen acts as an efficient electron scavenger, which interferes with the electron capture of Agⁿ _m ⁺ under UV irradiation at 285 nm.     

Comparison of the acidic properties of ZSM-5 zeolites isomorphously substituted by Ga,In, B and Fe

The acidic properties of isomorphously substituted MFI-type zeolites prepared and pretreated in the same way were studied to obtain an exact gradation of the intrinsic acidity caused by the incorporation of Ga, Fe, In and B instead of Al into the framework. The nature, strength and concentration of the acidic sites were studied by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (TPDA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The assignment of the two peaks observed in the TPDA plots of all zeolite samples required the additional registration of the decomposition plot of the ammonium form in the cases of In-ZSM-5 and B-ZSM-5. A temperature program with two ramps and an intermediate isothermal hold was used to separate the low-temperature peak from the high-temperature peak. In this way, the Brönsted sites could be determined more clearly on samples containing a high portion of non-framework species that inhibit the egress of ammonia from the pores. The nature and the strength of the acidic sites were spectroscopically characterized by recording the stretching vibration of the bridged OH groups of Brönsted sites and the spectra of pyridine adsorbed on Brönsted and Lewis sites. The intrinsic acidity of the Brönsted sites on In-ZSM-5 could be clearly classified to be intermediate between the acid strength of B- and Fe-ZSM-5. A relation could be revealed between the frequencies of the OH-stretching vibration and the temperature of the peak maxima of ammonia desorption from the Brönsted sites of the isomorphously substituted ZSM-5 samples.     

Effect of ZSM-5 zeolite morphology on the catalytic performance of the alkylation of toluene with methanol

A series of ZSM-5 zeolites, with the morphologies of sphere, sphere with cubic particles on the surface, and cubic particles, were synthesized by hydrothermal method using n-butylamine as the template, assisted by the addition of NaCl and crystal seed. X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray fluorescence(XRF) and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia(NH3-TPD) were used to characterize these samples. The samples were tested with toluene methylation reaction. The modified sample composed of spherical particles with 3 μm crystal particles on the surface had a para-xylene selectivity of 95% and maintained 79% of the initial conversion after running the reaction for 50 h. This modified sample showed the best stability among the tested three modified samples.     

Effect of ZSM-5 zeolite morphology on the catalytic performance of the alkylation of toluene with methanol

A series of ZSM-5 zeolites, with the morphologies of sphere, sphere with cubic particles on the surface, and cubic particles, were synthesized by hydrothermal method using n-butylamine as the template, assisted by the addition of NaCl and crystal seed. X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray fluorescence(XRF) and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia(NH3-TPD) were used to characterize these samples. The samples were tested with toluene methylation reaction. The modified sample composed of spherical particles with 3 μm crystal particles on the surface had a para-xylene selectivity of 95% and maintained 79% of the initial conversion after running the reaction for 50 h. This modified sample showed the best stability among the tested three modified samples.     

Effect of cerium addition on catalytic performance of PtSnNa/ZSM-5 catalyst for propane dehydrogenation

The effect of cerium addition on the catalytic performance of propane dehydrogenation over PtSnNa/ZSM-5 catalyst has been investigated by reaction tests and some physicochemical characterization such as XRD,BET,TEM,XPS,NH 3-TPD,H 2 chemisorption,TPR and TPO techniques.It has been found that with suitable amount of cerium addition,the platinum dispersion increased,while the carbon deposition tended to be eliminated easily.In these cases,the presence of cerium could not only realize the better distribution of metallic particles on the support,but also strengthen the interactions between Sn species and the support.Additionally,XPS spectra confirmed that more amounts of tin could exist in oxidized form,which was advantageous to the reaction.In our experiments,PtSnNaCe(1.1 wt%)/ZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic performance.After running the reaction for 750 h,propane conversion was maintained higher than 30% with the corresponding selectivity to propylene of about 97%.     

不同方法制备的Cu/HZSM-5催化剂上NO的催化分解反应

采用离子交换法、固相分散法和微波固相法等不同方法制备了Cu/HZSM-5催化剂,以BET、XRD和XPS等手段对催化剂样品进行了表征。结果表明,不同方法制备的Cu/HZSM-5催化剂上Cu物种的落位分布状态不同,离子交换法制备的催化剂Cu物种更多地落位于分子筛孔道内,微波固相法和固相分散法制备的催化剂Cu物种较多地落位分布在分子筛外表面。固相分散法制备的样品未能使铜物种完全分散于分子筛表面,在13.1°、16.8°、35.5°和38.0°等处仍存在CuO的晶相衍射峰。催化分解NO反应的活性考察结果表明,用微波固相法制备的催化剂催化分解NO的活性及稳定性明显超过另两种方法所制备的催化剂,在无氧条件下NO最初转化率高达89.2%,经反应25h后,转化率仍维持在70%以上;在富氧气氛下催化分解NO活性降低速率低于由离子交换法制备的催化剂。结合表征结果可以得出,落位于分子筛外表面以离子交换态形式存在的Cu物种对催化分解NO反应更为有利,而且催化稳定性更好。