Fabrication and catalytic properties of Pt and Ru decorated TiO2⧹CNTs catalyst for methanol electrooxidation

Highly ordered anodic titania nanotube arrays provide a large surface area for electrodepositing nickel nanoparticles which are used as the catalyst for carbon nanotube growth. Pt and Ru nanoparticles, approximately 3 nm in diameter, are uniformly electrodeposited on the as synthesized titania-supported carbon nanotubes (CNTs), constructing a novel catalyst for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol. An enhanced and stable catalytic activity is obtained due to the uniformly dispersed Pt and Ru nanoparticles, and the large CNT network facilitating the electron transfer between the adsorbed methanol molecules and the catalyst substrate. An oxidation peak current density of 55 mA/cm² is achieved at a low Pt load of 0.126 mg/cm² with a Pt/Ru mole ratio of 1:1.     

Single-Cu-atoms anchored on 3D macro-porous carbon matrix as efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction and Pt co-catalyst for methanol oxidation

Single metal atoms immobilized on a carbon substrate are of great potential for enhancing the catalytic activities for oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation reactions（ORR/MOR） owing to the maximized atom utilization. Herein, single copper atoms（SCAs） are loaded on macro-porous nitrogen-doped carbon（Cu-NC） derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework-8（ZIF-8）, which are used as catalysts for ORR and Pt-supports for MOR. For ORR, the catalyst marked as Cu-NC-3 exhibits a higher peak potential of ...     

Pt deposited TiO2 catalyst fabricated by thermal decomposition of titanium complex for solar hydrogen production

C, N codoped TiO₂ catalyst has been synthesized by thermal decomposition of a novel water-soluble titanium complex. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of the synthesized TiO₂ catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the Pt deposited TiO₂ catalysts synthesized at different temperatures was evaluated by means of hydrogen evolution reaction under both UV–vis and visible light irradiation. The investigation results reveal that the photocatalytic H₂ evolution rate strongly depended on the crystalline grain size as well as specific surface area of the synthesized catalyst. Our studies successfully demonstrate a simple method for the synthesis of visible-light responsive Pt deposited TiO₂ catalyst for solar hydrogen production.     

Theoretical Study on the Ferromagnetism of Cr-doped In_2O_3

Density functional theory （DFT） calculations are performed to investigate the electronic structure and ferromagnetism of （In, Cr）2O3. The densities of states suggest that the Cr dopants provide nearly 100% polarization of the conduction carriers and the ferromagnetic ground state in Cr-doped In2O3 can be explained from p-d hybridization mechanism. The calculation results also show that the ferromagnetism is strengthened in the presence of oxygen vacancy.     

FTIR study of the ethanol electrooxidation on Pt(100) modified by osmium nanodeposits

In the present work, ethanol electrooxidation on a Pt(100) electrode modified by different coverage degrees of osmium nanoislands obtained by spontaneous depositions, was extensively studied employing in situ FTIR spectroscopy. A collection of spectra of the ethanol adsorption and oxidation processes was acquired during the first series of a positive potential step, to determine the intermediate species, as well as the main products formed. The spectroscopic results obtained were correlated with conventional electrochemical results obtained by cyclic voltammetry. It was shown that the catalytic activity of Pt(100) for ethanol oxidation increases significantly after osmium deposition and that the mechanistic pathway for this reaction depends directly on the osmium coverage degree. Thus, for low osmium coverage (theta;( Os) up to 0.15) the formation of CO as an intermediate was favored and hence the full oxidation of adsorbed ethanol to CO(2) was increased. For higher osmium coverages (theta;(Os) up to 0.33), the higher the coverage is, the more the direct ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde and acetic acid is favored. For osmium coverage degree of 0.40, the catalytic activity of the electrode for ethanol oxidation decreased. On an almost complete osmium layer (theta;(Os) = 0.92) obtained by electrodeposition at 50 mV vs reversible hydrogen electrode, the catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation shows a much lower value.     

助剂TiO2对CO2催化加氢制甲醇催化剂CuO-ZnO-Al2O3性能的影响

采用共沉淀法,用助剂TiO2对CuO-ZnO-Al2O3催化剂改性,TiO2由钛酸正丁酯水解而得,并考察了其在CO2催化加氢制甲醇反应中的催化性能.在反应温度260℃、压力2.6 MPa、H2∶CO2 =3∶1(体积比)、SV=3600 mL/(g·h)条件下,与空白样CuO-ZnO-Al2O3比较,结果显示,TiO2...     

Characterization and methanol electrooxidation studies of Pt(111)/Os surfaces prepared by spontaneous deposition

Catalytic activity of the Pt(111)/Os surface toward methanol electrooxidation was optimized by exploring a wide range of Os coverage. Various methods of surface analyses were used, including electroanalytical, STM, and XPS methods. The Pt(111) surface was decorated with nanosized Os islands by spontaneous deposition, and the Os coverage was controlled by changing the exposure time to the Os-containing electrolyte. The structure of Os deposits on Pt(111) was characterized and quantified by in situ STM and stripping voltammetry. We found that the optimal Os surface coverage of Pt(111) for methanol electrooxidation was 0.7 +/- 0.1 ML, close to 1.0 +/- 0.1 Os packing density. Apparently, the high osmium coverage Pt(111)/Os surface provides more of the necessary oxygen-containing species (e.g., Os-OH) for effective methanol electrooxidation than the Pt(111)/Os surfaces with lower Os coverage (vs e.g., Ru-OH). Supporting evidence for this conjecture comes from the CO electrooxidation data, which show that the onset potential for CO stripping is lowered from 0.53 to 0.45 V when the Os coverage is increased from 0.2 to 0.7 ML. However, the activity of Pt(111)/Os for methanol electrooxidation decreases when the Os coverage is higher than 0.7 +/- 0.1 ML, indicating that Pt sites uncovered by Os are necessary for sustaining significant methanol oxidation rates. Furthermore, osmium is inactive for methanol electrooxidation when the platinum substrate is absent: Os deposits on Au(111), a bulk Os ingot, and thick films of electrodeposited Os on Pt(111), all compare poorly to Pt(111)/Os. We conclude that a bifunctional mechanism applies to the methanol electrooxidation similarly to Pt(111)/Ru, although with fewer available Pt sites. Finally, the potential window for methanol electrooxidation on Pt(111)/Os was observed to shift positively versus Pt(111)/Ru. Because of the difference in the Os and Ru oxophilicity under electrochemical conditions, the Os deposit provides fewer oxygen-containing species, at least below 0.5 V vs RHE. Both higher coverage of Os than Ru and the higher potentials are required to provide a sufficient number of active oxygen-containing species for the effective removal of the site-blocking CO from the catalyst surface when the methanol electrooxidation process occurs.     

V2O5催化甲醇与乙醇合成异丁醛

研究了甲醇与乙醇在V2O5催化剂上，常压375℃下一步催化合成异丁醛的反应，考察了催化剂活性组分质量分数和制备条件对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明，催化剂中V2O5质量分数为75%，焙烧温度480℃、焙烧5h时，催化剂的催化性能较其他条件更佳，乙醇转化率达98.03%，异丁醛的选择性达47.52%。对新鲜催化剂、反应后和再生后催化剂进行了XRD测试，并对反应后催化剂进行了DTA TG测试。结果表明，催化剂在反应过程中有结焦且V2O5在反应过程中被还原为V2O3。通过高温烧炭再生可烧去结焦物，并将V2O3重新氧化为V2O5而使失活催化剂恢复其催化活性。     

Palladium + tin oxide catalyst for electrooxidation of methanol and its chemical characterization by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Palladium + tin oxide (Pd + Sn oxide) catalyst was used for methanol electrooxidation, the chemical composition of which was studied by XPS. The XPS st     

TiO2负载的高分散Cd团簇催化剂高效催化CO2加氢制甲醇

近年来,利用可再生能源分解水制氢进而开展二氧化碳资源化利用的研究引起了学术界和工业界的极大兴趣.科学层面上它暗合了自然光合作用的理念;应用层面上它把二氧化碳变废为宝,既可以得到人类必需的含碳化学品,又可以实现碳中和.甲醇被认为是二氧化碳资源化的最佳选择,可在动力、交通、化工等领域替代煤炭等传统化石能源,也是良好的载氢分...     

Promotional effect of Snad on the ethanol oxidation at Pt3Sn/C catalyst

Oxidation of ethanol was studied at Sn_ad modified and unmodified Pt₃Sn/C and Pt/C catalysts. Pt₃Sn/C and Pt/C catalysts were characterized by XRD. Potentiodynamic and chronoamperometric measurements were used to establish catalytic activity and stability. High activity achieved at Sn_ad modified Pt₃Sn/C catalyst has not been observed at any bimetallic catalyst so far. Promotional effect of Sn_ad on the ethanol oxidation was related to the enhancement of CO oxidation rate in bifunctional mechanism. It was shown that electrodeposited Sn exhibited different effect on the catalytic activity compared to Sn in alloy.     

Kinetics and mechanism of the gas-phase thermal decomposition of cis-2-methylcyclopropane methanol

The kinetics of the gas-phase thermal decomposition of cis-2-methylcyclopropane methanol was studied in the temperature range of 483–597 K and pressures between 5–24 Torr in aged Pyrex reactions vessels. Cis-2-methylcyclopropane methanol underwent first order, reversible geometric isomerization in competition with structural isomerization. The structural isomerization products were identified as 2-peten-1-ol and a mixture of cis and trans-2-methyl-buten-1-ol. Arrhenius parameters were determined for homogeneous, unimolecular formation of the isomeric products and for the overall loss of reaction. The formation of isomeric products and the observed Arrhenius parameters are consistent with a biradical mechanism. For the overall reaction, E_a = 173.8 ± 15.5 (kJ/mol) and log10 (A, s⁻¹) = 13.3 ± 1.5. These values are in good agreement with previously reported values for similar studies of 1,2, disubstituted cyclopropanes.     

碳酸乙烯酯选择加氢合成甲醇与乙二醇高效稳定Cu/SiO2催化剂研究

CO2作为重要的碳氧资源, 具有来源丰富、价格低廉、安全等突出优点. 近年来, 由于蕴含的巨大利用潜力,CO2间接利用制备基础化学品、能源燃料对于可持续制备大宗化工品中具有重要研究意义, 日益受到研究者和工业界的广泛重视.甲醇与乙二醇是化学工业中的两种重要大宗原料. 甲醇不仅是重要的有机化工原料、清洁环保的液体燃料, 同时也是氢气和能量储存的良好载体. 乙二醇作为一种重要的有机化工原料, 在聚酯等领域具有广泛应用.CO2经碳酸乙烯酯氢解制备甲醇/乙二醇是典型的原子经济反应, 对资源、能源和环境的可持续发展具有重要意义. 需要指出的是,CO2与环氧乙烷环加成制备碳酸乙烯酯已具备成熟的工业化技术. 因此, 该路线研究重点在于发展碳酸乙烯酯选择加氢联产甲醇和乙二醇高效稳定的催化体系. 近年来, 铜基多相催化剂催化碳酸乙烯酯加氢联产甲醇乙二醇得到了广泛重视. 由于铜基催化剂存在活性较低、高温易失活等问题, 开发高效且具有良好稳定性的铜基催化剂是目前碳酸乙烯酯加氢研究重点.本文针对碳酸乙烯酯选择氢解合成甲醇乙二醇新型铜基催化体系构建和构效关系研究, 采用硅溶胶蒸氨法制备高分散 Cu/SiO2过程中引入多羟基β-环糊精修饰催化剂前驱体的合成策略, 并通过惰性气体中煅烧后的积碳有效抑制活性铜物种的团聚, 获得了β-环糊精改性的 Cu/SiO2催化剂. 通过 N2吸脱附、XRD、N2O 滴定、H2-TPR、TEM 和 XPS 等系统表征,发现β-环糊精可有效调控催化剂结构和表面不同价态活性铜物种分布. 碳酸乙烯酯加氢性能评价结果表明引入适量β-环糊精的 5β-25%Cu/SiO2具有较优催化活性, 乙二醇选择性 98.8% 和甲醇选择性 71.6%, 且相应的催化活性可达 1178 mgEC gcat-1h-1. 高活性的原因很可能归因于不同价态 Cu0与 Cu+物种协同催化作用及适宜的 Cu+/(Cu0+Cu+) 比例. 结合密度泛函理论模拟计算, 我们提出了 Cu0促进氢气解离、Cu+吸附活化碳酸乙烯酯分子中酯羰基的反应机理. 催化剂重复使用和表征结果表明, 5β-25%Cu/SiO2具有良好的稳定性, 使用前后铜粒子大小和铜物种分布几乎未发生明显变化. 本文为解决铜基催化剂高温易烧结等难题提供了简单有效的活性铜物种稳定化方法, 并为CO2经碳酸乙烯酯绿色合成甲醇、乙二醇高效稳定铜基催化新体系的构筑提供了有益借鉴.     

掺杂元素的Lewis酸强度对掺杂In2O3电性质的影响

掺杂元素的Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸强度对掺杂Ｉｎ_２Ｏ_３电性质的影响文世杰Ｇ．Ｃａｍｐｅｔ（ＬａｗｒｅｎｃｅＢｅｒｋｅｌｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ，ＢｅｒｋｅｌｅｙＣＡ９４７２０，ＵＳＡ）（ＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｉｒｅｄｅＣｈｅｍｉｅｄｕＳｏｌｉｄｅｄｕＣＮＲＳ，Ｕｎｉ...     

Highly efficient and magnetically separable nano-CuFe_2O_4 catalyzed S-arylation of thiourea by aryl/heteroaryl halides

The non-toxic and magnetically separable nano-CuFe_2O_4 catalyzed synthesis of symmetrical aryl sulfides by the reaction of thiourea with a wide variety of aryl halides,including aryl chlorides has been reported.Excellent yields of products have been obtained under ligand-free conditions and without the use of any expensive catalyst,such as palladium.     

First observation of highly efficient dehydrogenation of methanol to anhydrous formaldehyde over novel Ag-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 catalyst

Novel Ag-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by sol-gel method showed extremely high activity and selectivity (both equal to 100%) in the direct dehydrogenation of methanol to anhydrous formaldehyde.     

ICP-AES测定废Al2O3基催化剂中Pt、Pd

研究了废Al2O3基催化剂中Pt,Pd的ICP－AES测定新方法。以王水溶解样品，在HCl(5 95)介质中，用工作曲线法对废Al2O3基催化剂中的Pt,Pd直接进行测定，不需进行基体匹配。方法的检出限分别为：Pt 0.1μg/mL，P 0.045μg／mL；样品的加标回收率为Pt 95.2%-105.5%,Pd 95.3%-100.6%;RSD(n=6)均＜9％。     

Pt－Mo／Al_2O_3和Pt－Co－Mo／Al_2O_3催化剂中Pt、Co助

利用ＴＰＲ、Ｈ_２－ＴＰＤ技术，考察了氢气氛下的Ｐｔ－Ｍｏ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３和Ｐｔ－Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化体系中物种和电荷交换的现象和规律，揭示了Ｐｔ和Ｃｏ在表面Ｍｏ物种还原过程中助剂作用的本质．Ｐｔ－Ｍｏ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３的ＴＰＲ、Ｈ_２－ＴＰＤ结果证明，由于微量Ｐｔ参与了表面Ｍｏ物种还原时的物种和电子交换，有效地降低了其还原温度．Ｒｔ－Ｍｏ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３在氢还原过程中，氢和Ｍｏ容易形成载有活动氢的氢物种，并储存在催化剂表面，这种活动氢在Ａｒ中，甚至Ａｒ－Ｈ２混合气中可以释放出来。Ｐｔ－Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的研究结果表明，Ｃｏ可以进一步促进Ｍｏ的还原．在样品预还原过程中，氢和Ｃｏ可以形成氢物种，其上的氢具有更强的可动性，很容易溢流到Ｍｏ物种的边上促进其还原．根据以上规律可以推测，加氢脱硫催化剂中Ｃｏ和贵金属的作用是使催化剂更容易形成低价的配位不饱和的钼中心，也就是ＨＤＳ活性中心．