等淬球铁的贝氏体形态

利用１００ＣＸⅡ型透射电镜对球铁的上、下贝氏体形态进行观察与分析．结果表明，球铁的上、下贝氏体均为板条状铁素体，其间有奥氏体．随着等温转变、温度降低，板条变得细小密集，奥氏体量及其含碳量也减少．在上贝氏体中未检测到碳化物，但在下贝氏体中证实有碳化物析出在铁素体片内，排列成行并与贝氏体针长轴成５５°角．     

15MnMoVNRE钢的粒状贝氏体组织对裂纹扩展与塑韧性影响的研究

本文通过电镜动态拉伸和冲击断口形貌,研究了热轧15MnMoVNRE钢粒状贝氏体组织对塑韧性影响的因素。结果表明,在外力作用下,该钢粒状贝氏体组织中裂纹萌生及扩展,主要是在铁素体基体中进行。(M—A)岛的存在阻止裂纹的扩展,并使其改变方向,对塑韧性有利。但如果奥氏体岛分解成珠光体,则对塑韧性不利。     

硅钢中贝氏体的形核机制

用透射电镜在350℃等温处理的9SiCr钢中发现残留奥氏体内有相当贝氏体核的初生贝氏体中脊，在此基础上提出了贝氏体的形核机制。     

薄膜中纳米裂纹在无位错区中的形核,钝化…

通过对韧性金属材料和脆性金属材料在透射电子显微镜下的原位拉伸，研究了纳米微纹在无位错区中的形核、钝化或扩展过程，结果表明，对于金属材料，无论是韧性的还是脆性的，加载时裂尖都能发射很多位错，平衡时能形成ＤＦＺ，ＤＦＺ是一个畸变很高的弹性区。     

奥贝球铁的耐磨性能与机制

本文测试了不同合金元素加入量、经不同等温淬火工艺处理的奥贝球铁磨粒磨损性能，研究了其磨粒磨损机制，发现在低应力的疲劳磨粒磨损条件下，奥贝球铁以切削机制磨损，通过减少合金元素镍加入量、降低奥氏体氏温和等温淬火温度，都使得奥贝球铁的磨粒磨损性能提高。     

小锥度试样在研究应力腐蚀裂纹形核中的应用

尝试利用小锥度试样测量304不锈钢应力腐蚀裂纹的形核时间,以确定裂纹形核在整个断裂过程中的贡献.结果表明,用小锥度试样可以有效测量应力腐蚀裂纹的形核时间.对304不锈钢,在沸腾MgCl2溶液中应力腐蚀裂纹的形核时间与应力之间满足ti=4310exp(-0.0097σ),而断裂时间与应力的关系为tf=6964exp(-0.0095σ),说明应力腐蚀断裂时间的大部分来源于裂纹的形核过程.断口形貌与外加应力有关,随外加应力增大,断口的穿晶解理部分减少.     

铜合金表面疲劳裂纹的扩展行为

提出用带表面裂纹的试样来显示滚压试样表面强化层的疲劳裂纹扩展,并对黄铜及纯铜表面裂纹扩展行为进行了研究.结果表明:无残余应力作用时变形组织也可提高疲劳裂纹扩展抗力;相同应力强度因子幅度ΔK下,黄铜的裂纹扩展速率低于纯铜,即黄铜强化效果优于纯铜.断口分析表明其疲劳裂纹扩展是一种再生核扩展机制.     

裂纹和V形切口钢构件裂纹扩展仿真分析

文章通过设计的夹具以特定的加载方式对含裂纹和缺口钢板构件进行了拉伸试验,获得两种试件的裂纹扩展数据。采用扩展有限元法及ABAQUS软件对裂纹和缺口试件进行力学建模,数值分析其裂纹扩展规律,并同试验数据相比较。研究结果为钢结构实际应用提供有效参数。     

贝氏体球铁曲轴材料的研究

本文介绍了贝氏体球铁曲轴材料的研究情况,结果表明:贝氏体球铁曲轴疲劳强度高,耐磨性好,热处理工艺简便易行,易于推广。     

钒对贝氏体球墨铸铁组织与硬度的影响

研究了钒在连续冷却淬火贝氏体球墨铸铁中的存在形式和作用,以及对球墨失贝氏体组织和性能的影响机制,结果表明：钒在贝氏体球墨铸铁以固溶和弥散碳化物２种形式存在,它能有效地增加贝氏体形核率,促进贝氏体转变,细化贝氏体组织,强化基体,提高硬度,因此,钒可替代钼、镍、硼等元素生产贝氏体球铁。     

新型贝氏体球墨铸铁轧制成形的研究

研究新型贝氏体球墨铸铁的制取工艺，并在水平连续铸造设备上拉制成棒材。探讨该材料的变形抗力以及棒材轧制工艺参数，为该材料的塑性变形提供了依据。在斜轧机上成功地轧出了性能很好，直径分别为３５，４０， ６０ ｍｍ的磨球。     

球墨铸铁中渗碳体球化的影响

The research aims to provide an alternative to austempering treatment of ductile cast iron with a simple and cost-effective heat-treatment process. This goal was accomplished by applying a simple one-step spheroidization heat treatment to the as-cast ductile iron, which would normally possess a coarse pearlitic microstructure to a significant extent. Spheroidization experiments involving isothermal holding below the lower critical temperature (A1) were conducted followed by standard mechanical testing and microstructural characterization for an experimental ductile iron. After improving the spheroidization holding time at a given temperature, the work shows that the ductility and toughness of an as-cast ductile iron can be improved by 90% and 40%, respectively, at the cost of reducing the tensile strength by 8%. Controlled discretization of the continuous cementite network in pearlitic matrix of the ductile iron is deemed responsible for the improved properties. The work also shows that prolonged holding time during spheroidization heat treatment leads to degradation of mechanical properties due to the inhomogenous microstructure formation caused by heterogeneous decomposition and cementite clustering in the material. The main outcome of this work is the demonstration of ductile cast iron’s necking behavior due to spheroidization heat treatment.     

球墨铸铁热浸镀铝的抗氧化性

为了延长铸铁工件的使用寿命,采用熔剂法将墨铸铁热浸镀铝,对镀层截面进行了形貌观察(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和衍射分析(XRD),测试了镀层的抗氧化性.结果表明,镀层由表面富铝层及扩散层构成,富铝层包含降温形成的针状FeAl3相,扩散层由FeAl3,Fe2Al5 物相组成,其形态呈舌状,并嵌入基体;氧化时镀层全部转变为扩散层,并能保持非常缓慢的退化速度,使球墨铸铁的抗氧化性显著提高.     

球墨铸铁热浸镀铝工艺

铸铁热浸镀铝工艺不尽成熟,将球墨铸铁热浸镀铝工艺的镀前处理及浸镀参数选择作为研究重点.分析了热浸镀铝层厚度的控制方法和热浸镀铝层的结构.实验表明,获得高质量球墨铸铁热浸镀铝层的关键是预处理工序、酸碱液配方和助镀剂.球墨铸铁热浸镀铝工艺中,合金层影响最大的因素是浸镀时间和浸镀温度.时间的延长和温度的提高,都会使合金层厚度增加.球墨铸铁与Q235钢相比,球墨铸铁镀层的合金层较薄,且合金层针齿更加连续、致密.     

线接触副球墨铸铁表面激光织构对摩擦学特性的影响

为研究线接触情况下激光表面织构对球墨铸铁摩擦学特性的影响,采用调Q半导体泵浦YAG激光器,利用单脉冲同点间隔多次激光加工工艺,对球墨铸铁试样端面进行表面织构化处理.制备出4种不同深度、不同面积占有率的环形阵列分布微凹腔,并在滚滑复合运动的圆柱销与圆盘端面线接触式摩擦磨损试验机上,进行摩擦学试验.结果表明:在相同试验条件下,与光滑试样进行对比,微凹腔试样表面具有较好的减摩效果;对不同深度及面积占有率的微凹腔试样进行摩擦性能试验,结果显示:均存在优化设计值使得织构化表面的摩擦因数最小,并表现出良好的抗擦伤性能.     

延性裂纹稳定扩展判据的研究

本文应用一种修正的Dugdale窄带屈服模型对四组延性裂纹稳定扩展试验进行了分析。提出并运用一种实验——数值计算混合方法确定了大范围屈服情况下裂纹顶端附近的应力场,以此裂纹顶端应力场做为依据,按修正Dugdale窄带屈服模型处理裂纹顶端附近边界条件,用有限元方法分析了试件,计算出延性裂纹稳定扩展的判据J积分。定义了一个新的延性裂纹稳定扩展判据:裂纹嘴张开角(Crack Month Openning Angle CMOA)。     

渗硼对球墨铸铁组织和耐磨性能的影响

为了提高球墨铸铁件的使用性能和使用寿命,对球墨铸铁进行了固体渗硼处理实验。利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了渗硼层的厚度和渗硼层的组织,并测定了渗硼层的显微硬度,研究了渗硼对球墨铸铁耐磨性的影响。结果表明：球墨铸铁经渗硼处理后,其渗硼层由Fe2B单相组成,渗硼层呈齿状嵌入基体中。渗硼层的厚度随时间延长而增加。球墨铸铁经渗硼处理可获得较高的表面硬度,可达6.49 GPa。渗硼处理能明显改善球墨铸铁的耐磨性,是球墨铸铁的相对耐磨性的2.45倍。     

Property enhancement of cast iron used for nuclear casks

Ductile iron (DI) is a preferred material for use in various structural, automotive, and engineering fields because of its excellent combination of strength, toughness, and ductility. In the current investigation, we elucidate the relationship between the morphological and mechanical properties of DI intended for use in safety applications in the nuclear industry. DI specimens with various alloying elements were subjected to annealing and austempering heat treatment processes. A faster cooling rate appeared to increase the nodule count in austempered specimens, compensating for their nodularity value and subsequently decreasing their ductility and impact strength. The ductility and impact energy values of annealed specimens increased with increasing ferrite area fraction and nodularity, whereas an increase in the amounts of Ni and Cr resulted in an increase of hardness via solid solution strengthening. Austempered specimens were observed to be stronger than annealed specimens and failed in a somewhat brittle manner characterized by a river pattern, whereas the ductile failure mode was characterized by the presence of dimples.     

热浸镀铝球墨铸铁氩弧重熔工艺

为强化热浸镀铝层的耐磨性能,将球墨铸铁经780℃热浸镀铝后进行氩弧重熔处理,分析重熔工艺参数对重熔层性能的影响,利用扫描电镜对热浸镀铝层和氩弧重熔层组织进行了观察。结果表明:热浸镀铝层经氩弧重熔处理后,组织改善,由原来富铝层和扩散层转变为重熔层和过渡层。氩弧重熔工艺参数对重熔组织裂纹率、熔深、表面硬度影响较大,重熔电流增大或电弧扫描速度减小时,重熔层裂纹率下降,熔深增加,硬度升高。在重熔电流为70～120 A时,重熔层和过渡层硬度最高可达8.430和8.820 GPa。氩弧重熔处理能明显提高热浸镀铝层的显微硬度。     

Kinetic study of austenite formation during continuous heating of unalloyed ductile iron

The austenite formation kinetics in unalloyed cast ductile iron was studied on the basis of dilatometry measurements, and Avrami's equation was used to estimate the material's kinetic parameters. A continuous heating transformation diagram was constructed using heating rates in the range of 0.06 to 0.83℃·s-1. As the heating rate was augmented, the critical temperatures, A_c1 and A_α, as well as the intercritical range, which was evaluated as the difference between the critical temperatures, ΔT=A_α - A_c1, increased. At a low heating rate, the kinetics of austenite formation was slow as a consequence of the iron's silicon content. The effect of heating rate on k and n, the kinetic parameters of Avrami's equation, was also determined. Parameter n, which is associated with nucleation sites and growth geometry, decreased with an increase in heating rate. In addition, parameter k increased with the increase of heating rate, suggesting that the nucleation and growth rates are carbon- and silicon-diffusion controlled during austenite formation under continuous heating.