A contribution to the theory of the triple crystal diffractometer

The first part of the paper gives a general equation for triple-crystal arrangement with perfect crystals on the assumption that the third crystal is rotated. It is shown that in the case of perfect crystals the shape of the reflection curve is practically independent of the vertical divergence. The case of mosaic crystals is also solved and the possibility of rotation by other than the third crystal is considered. A method is proposed for investigating the imperfection of a crystal which is different from methods used up to now. The paper is supplemented by some experimental results.

---

, . , . , , . , . .

     

Основные соотношени я длн построения механических селект оров нейтронов

, . , , . . , , .     

The propagation of excitation energy in perturbed crystals

The process of the propagation of excitation energy in perturbed dielectric crystals with a weak bond between the atoms having zero permanent dipole moment is studied. It is shown that on certain assumptions this process of propagation can be regarded as the motion of a Frenkel exciton in the electrostatic field of the defect. Frenkel's exciton can be characterized in this case as a neutral polarizable particle having induced dipole moment equal to the change in the induced dipole moment of the crystal during the excitation of one of its atoms.

---

, . , . .

     

К СПЕКТРУ ПОГЛОЩЕНИЯ АМОРФНОГО СЕЛЕНА В ИНФРАКРАСНОЙ ОБЛАС ТИ

0,6 25 . , , . , 13,4 20,4 , , , . . , . .

---

A contribution to the absorption spectrum of amorphous selenium in the infra-red region

The absorption spectrum of amorphous selenium was measured in the region of 0·6 to 25 on samples of high purity and homogeneity. The absorption bands of amorphous and liquid sulphur were also measured in the same wave-length region. The measurements showed that the absorption bands 13·4 and 20·4 , appearing in the spectrum of amorphous selenium, are its intrinsic absorption bands and are not caused by impurities, as some authors think. The similarity between the infra-red spectra of selenium and sulphur is shown.

     

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ВРЕМЕНИ ЖИЗНИ μ-МЕЗОНОВ ПО АНОМАЛЬНОМУ ПОГЛ0Щ ЕНИЮ МЕТОДОМ ЯДЕРНЫХ ЭМУЛЬСИЙ

- ;- . ( ) . , - .     

Влияние катодной обл асти на динамические свойства тлеющего разряда в во дороде

. . , , I-om 1957 .     

Three-Mode Entangled State Representation of Continuum Variables and Optical Four-Wave Mixing

We establish a new three-mode entangled state representation , of continuum variables, which make up a complete set. Using optical four-wave mixing and a beam splitter transform we can prepare , . Based on , a new number-difference--operational-phase uncertainty relation is established and the corresponding squeezing dynamics is discussed.     

Photo-luminescence and growth defects in ZnS: Cu monocrystals

The paper describes microscopic investigation into the spectral distribution of photo-luminescence and its polarization on hexagonal ZnS monocrystals in relation to the structural defects of such crystals. These observations, as well as birefringent observations, show that the values of the birefringence and the degree of polarization in different stripes of the same crystal are the same within the limits of observational errors.

---

ZnS: Cu

ZnS . , , , .

---

---

In conclusion the author would like to thank K. Pátek, L. Souková and M. Mokonová for providing the monocrystals and for fruitful discussions.     

Das Anhaften von Exzitonen an Störstellen des Kristallgitters

Zusammenfassung Es wird der Proze des Anhaftens von Exzitonen an Vakanzen und F-Zentren in den Ionenkristallen studiert. Die Bewegung der Exzitonen im Felde der Vakanz und des F-Zentrums wird in adiabatischer Annäherung untersucht. Mit Hilfe der klassischen Methoden werden die Wirkungsquerschnitte des Anhaftens des Exzitons an den Vakanzen und F-Zentren bestimmt und diskutiert.

---

F- . F- . F- .

     

The use of the repulsive potential in the quantum theory of solids

A new method is proposed for calculating the energy in certain special points of the Brillouin zone. The wave functions of valence and conduction electrons are given in the form of the linear combination of plane waves and the orthogonality condition of these functions to the wave functions of lower states is replaced by the repulsive potential. The practical application of this very simple method is illustrated on the energy spectrum of silicon in the centre of the Brillouin zone. It is proved that the results are comparable with some other methods, e. g. the orthogonalized plane-wave method.

---

. . . , , .

---

---

The basic thesis of this paper, together with concrete calculation of the energy spectrum of diamond, was delivered at the Czechoslovak-Polish conference in Sopoty in November 1956.

---

In conclusion the autor would like to thank K. Trnková for carrying out the numerical calculations.     

ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКАЯ ЭКВИВ АЛЕНТНАЯ СХЕМА ЗАТУХАЮЩИХ КОЛЕБАНИ Й СДВИГА ПЬЕЗОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ СТЕРЖНЕЙ

n - , - .     

К ТЕОРИИ РЕЗОНАНСНОЙ МИГРАЦИИ ЭНЕРГИИ ВОЗ БУЖДЕНИЯ В ТВЕРДЫХ ТЕЛАХ

- - . - .     

Trace states and KMS states for approximately inner dynamical one-parameter groups of *-automorphisms

The usual definition of approximately inner one-parameter groups of *-automorphisms ofC*-algebras (approximately inner dynamical one-parameter groups) contains a slight asymmetry. When this asymmetry is corrected, we show that if an approximately inner dynamical one-parameter group hasKMS states forone value of inverse temperature =1/kT, then it hasKMS states for all values of . By the Powers-Sakai Theorem it is enough to show that there is a trace state. We obtain a trace state as a limit of a sequence of vector states with respect to a givenKMS state and thus solve a problem raised in [6].Supported by Odense University, Denmark     

Cosmological surrealism: More than “eternal reality” is needed

Inflationary cosmology makes the universe eternal and provides for recurrent universe creation, ad infinitum — making it also plausible to assume that our Big Bang was also preceeded by others, etc.. However, GR tells us that in the parent universe's reference frame, the newborn universe's expansion will never start. Our picture of reality in spacetime has to be enlarged.Wolfson Distinguished Chair in Theoretical Physics.Also on leave from the University of Texas, Center for Particle Physics, Austin, Texas.     

ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ТОНКОЙ СТР УКТУРЫ МОЛОТОГО КОБА ЛТА

- , . , , - . - , , , - .     

Electron microscope study of dislocations in slip bands of bent Fe-3·2% Si alloy single crystals

Dislocations in Fe-3·2% Si alloy single crystals deformed by bending are studied in this paper. The specimens were cut parallel to the slip plane into platelets, polished, and studied in places at various distances from the neutral plane with an electron microscope. A large number of jogs of various sizes was found on screw dislocations. Many loops are formed by the motion of dislocations with jogs and by the stopping of moving dislocations by obstacles. Some of them grow as a result of stress. The activity of sources on large jogs is stopped at an early stage by a cross slip. The formation and growth of loops increases the dislocation density and causes the growth of slip bands.

---

Fe-3,2% Si

Fe-3,2% Si, , , . . , . . . .

     

Мезонные распады лег ких гиперфрагментов

, . . , °. K^–- , .

---

The meson decay of light hyperfragments

The binding energies of five types of light hyperfragments, i. e. of atomic nuclei of light elements containing one hyperon instead of one neutron, were measured. The hyperfragments originated by means of the interaction of K^– mesons with the nuclei of light elements, contained in the emulsion.

     

The interaction of foils activated by thermal neutrons

The interaction of foils lying in a plane during their activation by thermal neutrons has been calculated. Numerical values of functions are listed, which can be used in calculations, especially for graphite. The interaction was measured in the graphite column of the VVR-S reactor.

---

, , . , , . VVR-S.

---

---

We thank J. Frytacký, T. Kania and V. ervenka for their help in the numerical calculations and measurements.     

Der Einfluss der Plastischen Verformung durch Kaltwalzen auf die Koerzitivkraft

Zusammenfassung Es werden die Ergebnisse der Messungen der Koerzitivkraft von Eisen, Nickel und einiger Fe-Ni-Legierungen in Abhängigkeit von der plastischen Verformung durch Kaltwalzen angegeben. Gemessen wurde in Richtung parallel und senkrecht zur Walzrichtung. Die Ergebnisse werden insbesondere vom Gesichtspunkt des Einflusses der Versetzungen und der einachsigen induzierten Anisotropie diskutiert.

---

, - , . . .

---

---

Für die wertvollen Diskussionen und das Durchlesen der Arbeit danken wir den Kollegen J. Kaczér und V. Janovec, für die wirkungsvolle Hilfe bei den Messungen Koll. J. Grolmus.     

Bunching phenomena during electron injection into the betatron II. Theory of starting conditions

A theory of the azimuthal bunching of electrons injected into the betatron is presented and compared with the experiments described in [1]. The bunching is treated as a small perturbation of the stationary beam.The stationary injected beam is replaced by the corresponding equilibrium beam of the same perveance so that the angular velocity spread of the injected electrons is proportional to the square root of the injection perveance.Self-consistent wave solutions for the perturbation of the stationary solution are then found. Equations giving the amplification of small density or energy disturbances along the beam are derived. These disturbances are assumed to be introduced by density or velocity modulation of the injected beam. The condition for the spontaneous occurrence of bunching is deduced by assuming that the disturbances do not vanish even when there is no modulation of the injected beam. The resulting expressions for the threshold perveance and the rise-time of the disturbance are in reasonably good agreement with the experiments. Such agreement may be considered as further verification of the statement made in [1] that the amplification of the disturbances is caused by the negative mass instability mechanism.

---

, .

, . , [1]. . . , , . . , ., . , , . . , , [1].