Flow rate increased by electrorotation in a capillary

In this paper, we show that the viscosity of a suspension can be drastically reduced if its particles are rotating faster than the surrounding liquid. We propose to induce particle rotation by applying a DC electric field to a suspension of insulating particles dispersed in a slightly conducting liquid (Quincke rotation). We have studied the flow of such a suspension in a rectangular channel and measure the increase of the flow rate induced by the application of an electric field along the velocity gradient direction (shortest dimension of the channel).     

Diffusion and mobility in a stirred dense granular material

We describe a probe of diffusivity (D) and mobility (B) for a dense 2D granular system. We introduce random motion by stirring, and characterize D by particle tracking. To measure B we measure the force needed to push a particle through the medium at fixed velocity, v, using three sizes of tracer particle. We find simple Brownian diffusion, but B depends strongly on v because the force needed to push a tracer through a sample is nearly independent of v. Data for D/B depend on the tracer particle size.     

Measuring the condensate fraction of rapidly rotating trapped boson systems: off-diagonal order from the density profile

We demonstrate a direct connection between the density profile of a system of ultracold trapped bosonic particles in the rapid-rotation limit and its condensate fraction. This connection can be used to probe the crossover from condensed vortex-lattice states to uncondensed quantum-fluid states that occurs in rapidly rotating boson systems as the particle density decreases or the rotation frequency increases. We illustrate our proposal with a series of examples, including ones based on models of realistic finite trap systems, and comment on its application to freely expanding boson density profile measurements.     

叶轮出口总温总压测量用单热膜吸气探针的研究

在完整地分析热丝工作关系式的基础上,设计了一种用于周期性动态温度测量的单热膜吸气探针,进行了稳态校准实验和频响检测实验,得到了与理论分析良好一致的探针输出对温度和压力的变化特性,通过严格的标定,可以做到探针测量精度在1％以内。探针的频响至少可达20kHz。用该探针成功测出了一台低压离心风机叶轮出口的温度分布,表明这种探针以其高频响和足够高的灵敏度适用于叶轮机械转子出口温度分布测量。     

Spin resonance conditions for intrinsic and induced electric dipole moments of a spin-1 particle

We show that spin resonance caused by the tensor polarizability of a spin-1 particle rotating in a storage ring designed to measure the intrinsic electric dipole moment (EDM) is canceled on the average over time when conditions for the spin resonance caused by this EDM are precisely met. This solves the problem of a false EDM signal created by polarizability.     

Exact analytical results for density profile in Fourier space and elastic scattering function of a rotating harmonically confined ultra-cold Fermi gas

In this paper, the system dealt with consisting of an ultra-cold neutral spin-polarized Fermi gas undergoing rotation (or in the so-called synthetic magnetic field) trapped by an anisotropic harmonic potential in a two and three-dimensional space at zero temperature. Using the so-called Bloch propagator as a tool, we derive exact closed-form expressions for particle density in Fourier space which are valid for an arbitrary particle number confined by a two and three-dimensional rotating anisotropic harmonic trap. Numerical illustrations and discussions are presented. The results can be easily generalized at finite temperatures. The crossover from two-dimensional to the one-dimensional regime is shown to be reflected in the shape of the density distribution in Fourier space at very fast rotating velocity (or at strong synthetic magnetic field). In addition, an exact analytical expression of the elastic scattering factor is found, a quantity of interest used to probe the spatial distribution of the quantum gases.     

Large-Biot-number non-isothermal flow of a thin film on a stationary or rotating cylinder

Using the lubrication approximation we investigate two-dimensional steady flow of a thin film of fluid with temperature-dependent viscosity on a uniformly heated or cooled horizontal cylinder, which may be stationary or rotating about its axis, in the case when the Biot number (a measure of heat transfer at the free surface) is large.We show that the film thickness (but not the fluid velocity) may be obtained from that in the isothermal case by a simple re-scaling.     

Use of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for depthwise resolved microscale-particle image velocimetry (μ-PIV)

A novel use of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) makes the truly focused field-of-view with well-defined depthwise resolution possible for microscale particle image velocimetry (μ-PIV) applications. The operating principle of the CLSM is presented using the point spread function (PSF) that describes diffracted images of extremely small particles. The implemented high-speed CLSM system using a Nipkow rotating disk is applied to measure the microscale rotating Couette flow field confined between two parallel horizontal disks that are 180-μm apart, with the bottom one stationary and the top one rotating and seeded by 200-nm fluorescent spheres. The CLSM provides much distinct particle images in comparison with the conventional wide-field microscopy (WFM) and the measured vector profiles are more concentric and accurate depicting closer to an ideal Couette flow.     

旋转液体综合实验设计

提出了一种根据旋转液体特性用光学方法测量重力加速度和液体黏度的综合实验设计方案,该实验已作为开放、设计性实验内容在教学中应用．     

Effective temperature scaled dynamics of a flexible polymer in an active bath

Langevin dynamics simulations are employed to study the dynamical properties of a flexible polymer in an active bath. The diffusion of the centre of mass and end-to-end distance fluctuation are particularly analysed. We modulate both active force and active particle size to probe the activity-induced facilitation of polymer dynamics. Results indicate diffusivity and chain relaxation time can be well scaled by the effective temperature of the active bath. In addition, diffusion dynamics demonstrates an anomalous superdiffusive behaviour in short time scales, which becomes more prominent with increasing active particle size. Lastly, we extract the effective viscosity experienced by the probed chain, showing a sharp decrease with increment of effective temperature. The attenuation of effective viscosity due to activity might be responsible for the facilitated polymer dynamics.     

Measurement of low retardation using reflective optical system based on the photoelastic principle

A new measuring technique that can measure retardation and can output magnitude and direction of plane stress in each glass of a panel composed of double transparent pieces of glass has been developed using reflective confocal optics. The linear polarized probe beam is incident to the glass and we can detect a reflected beam converted to orthogonal polarization caused by the photoelastic phenomenon. Using the high extinction ratio (10⁶) beam-displacing prism as a polarization discriminator, we can measure the photoelasticity by rotating the polarization of the probe beam from 0 to π rad without disturbing the optical axis. This system has the ability to measure retardation. The lowest one is estimated as nearly 0.066 nm for 700 μm thickness glass which corresponds to 0.03 MPa stress from our calibration line.     

Finite size effect of harmonic measure estimation in a DLA model: Variable size of probe particles

A finite size effect in the probing of the harmonic measure in simulation of diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) growth is investigated. We introduce a variable size of probe particles, to estimate harmonic measure and extract the fractal dimension of DLA clusters taking two limits, of vanishingly small probe particle size and of infinitely large size of a DLA cluster. We generate 1000 DLA clusters consisting of 50 million particles each, using an off-lattice killing-free algorithm developed in the early work. The introduced method leads to unprecedented accuracy in the estimation of the fractal dimension. We discuss the variation of the probability distribution function with the size of probing particles.     

Fermi acceleration in time-dependent rectangular billiards due to multiple passages through resonances

We consider a slowly rotating rectangular billiard with moving boundaries and use canonical perturbation theory to describe the dynamics of a billiard particle. In the process of slow evolution, certain resonance conditions can be satisfied. Correspondingly, phenomena of scattering on a resonance and capture into a resonance happen in the system. These phenomena lead to destruction of adiabatic invariance and to unlimited acceleration of the particle.     

Letter: Axial Torsion-Dirac Spin Effect in Rotating Frame with Relativistic Factor

In the framework of spacetime with torsion and without curvature, the Dirac particle spin precession in the rotational system is studied. We write out the equivalent tetrad of the rotating frame, in the polar coordinate system, through considering the relativistic factor, and the resultant equivalent metric is a flat Minkowski one. The obtained rotation-spin coupling formula can be applied to the high speed rotating case, which is consistent with the expectation.     

Tuning density profiles and mobility of inhomogeneous fluids

Density profiles are the most common measure of inhomogeneous structure in confined fluids, but their connection to transport coefficients is poorly understood. We explore via simulation how tuning particle-wall interactions to flatten or enhance the particle layering of a model confined fluid impacts its self-diffusivity, viscosity, and entropy. Interestingly, interactions that eliminate particle layering significantly reduce confined fluid mobility, whereas those that enhance layering can have the opposite effect. Excess entropy helps to understand and predict these trends.     

Solid-fluid transition in a granular shear flow

The rheology of a granular shear flow is studied in a quasi-2D rotating cylinder. Measurements are carried out near the midpoint along the length of the surface flowing layer where the flow is steady and nonaccelerating. Streakline photography and image analysis are used to obtain particle velocities and positions. Different particle sizes and rotational speeds are considered. We find a sharp transition in the apparent viscosity (eta) variation with rms velocity (u). Below the transition depth we find that the rms velocity decreases with depth and eta proportional to u(-1.5) for all the different cases studied. The material approaches an amorphous solidlike state deep in the layer. The velocity distribution is Maxwellian above the transition point and a Poisson velocity distribution is obtained deep in the layer. The results indicate a sharp transition from a fluid to a fluid + solid state with decreasing rms velocity.     

The mechanics of particles inside a rotating cylindrical mass shell

It is shown that up to the second order in the gravitational constant the effect of a rotating mass shell on a particle moving near its axis is the same as that of a rotating coordinate system. Coriolis force and centrifugal force have, contrary to the case discussed by Thirring[1, 2], the value expected in a rotating reference frame.     

锯屑与煤混烧过程积灰实验研究

积灰降低锅炉效率,危及安全运行,是生物质燃烧技术发展的主要障碍.本文基于高温一维下行炉,选用锯屑和兖矿原煤作为燃料,通过自动控温采样枪收集积灰,分析积灰的采集效率、撞击效率和捕集效率等宏观效果参数.结果显示,锯屑与兖矿混烧时积灰倾向性显着增加.扫描电镜/能谱微观分析发现:碱金属和碱土金属的存在是积灰倾向增加的原因,两条主要途径是:碱性物质在飞灰表面冷凝增加了飞灰的表面黏性;碱性物质与硅铝酸盐结合形成低熔点的化合物.     

Transient Response of Particle Distribution in a Chamber to Transient Particle Injection

We inject a large number of newly created nano‐particle aggregates into a chamber for the purpose of removing harmful contents in an indoor environment. This study is to experimentally and numerically investigate transient response of particle distributions to particle injections. A room‐sized chamber of 4 m × 2.1 m × 2.4 m is connected to a specially designed particle‐injection system, with two Optical Particle Counters used to simultaneously measure particle‐number densities with the size range from 0.3 μm to 10 μm at the inlet and in the chamber. A velocity probe measures the flow that is up to 1 m/s. An Euler‐type particulate‐phase‐transport model is developed and validated by comparing with experimental data. The study shows that the transient behavior of particle distributions is determined by many factors, including particle size, particle settling speed, sampling location, and velocity distribution. Particle number densities decrease in time more quickly for large particles than for small particles, and locations farther downstream in the chamber correlate more weakly with the inlet injection.     

Dynamic Shear Viscosity in a 2D Yukawa System

We present non‐equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation studies on the dynamic (complex) shear viscosity of a 2D many‐particle system interacting via a Yukawa (Debye‐Hückel) type inter‐particle potential. Our investigations reveal the complex interplay of dissipative and elastic processes, as well as the effect of single particle resonances and enhanced collective excitations, and the influence of the external forces on the structural correlations in the system (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)