Impact of Interacting Quantum Coherence via Decays and Incoherent Pumping on Transient and Steady-State Behaviors of Absorption

The effects from quantum coherence via decays and incoherent pumping on the lasing without inversion(LWI) are investigated in a four-level system.By analyzing the transient and steady-state behaviors of the absorption,we find that the gain occurs when both spontaneously generated coherence(SGC) and coherence induced by incoherent pumping(IPC) are considered.We attribute the occurrence of the gain to the interaction of quantum coherence via decays and incoherent pumping.     

Classical spin dynamics of anisotropic Heisenberg dimmers

In the present work we study the deterministic spin dynamics of two interacting anisotropic magnetic particles in the presence of an external magnetic field using the Landau-Lifshitz equation. The interaction between particles is through the exchange energy. We study both conservative and dissipative cases. In the first one, we characterize the dynamical behavior of the system by monitoring the Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation diagrams. In particular, we explore the dependence of the largest Lyapunov exponent respect to the magnitude of applied magnetic field and exchange constant. We find that the system presents multiple transitions between regular and chaotic behaviors. We show that the dynamical phases display a very complicated topology of intricately intermingled chaotic and regular regions. In the dissipative case, we calculate the final saturation states as a function of the magnitude of the applied magnetic field, exchange constant as well as the anisotropy constants.     

Scaling and decay in periodically driven scattering systems

We investigate irregular scattering in a periodically driven Hamiltonian system of one degree of freedom. The potential is asymptotically attracting, so there exist parabolically escaping scattering orbits, i.e. orbits with asymptotic energy E(out)=0. The scattering functions (i.e. the asymptotic out-variables as functions of an asymptotic in-variable) show a characteristic algebraic scaling in the vicinity of these orbits. This behavior is explained by asymptotic properties of the interaction. As a consequence, the number N(Deltat) of temporarily bound particles decays algebraically with the delay time Deltat, although no KAM scenario can be found in phase space. On the other hand, we find the number N(n) of temporarily bound particles to decay exponentially with the number n of zeros of x(t).     

Faster than Lyapunov decays of the classical Loschmidt echo

We show that in the classical interaction picture the echo dynamics, namely, the composition of perturbed forward and unperturbed backward Hamiltonian evolution, can be treated as a time-dependent Hamiltonian system. For strongly chaotic (Anosov) systems we derive a cascade of exponential decays for the classical Loschmidt echo, starting with the leading Lyapunov exponent, followed by a sum of the two largest exponents, etc. In the loxodromic case a decay starts with the rate given as twice the largest Lyapunov exponent. For a class of perturbations of symplectic maps the echo dynamics exhibits a drift resulting in a superexponential decay of the Loschmidt echo.     

Electroweak jet cascading in the decay of superheavy particles

We study decays of superheavy particles X into leptons. We show that they initiate cascades similar to QCD parton jets, if m(X) greater or similar 10(6) GeV. Electroweak cascading is studied and the energy spectra of the produced leptons are calculated in the framework of a broken SU(2) model of weak interactions. As application, important for the Z-burst model for ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, we consider decays of superheavy particles coupled on tree level only to neutrinos and derive a stringent limit for these decays from the observed diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray flux.     

Agegraphic Dark Energy with the Sign-Changeable Interaction in Non-Flat Universe

In this paper,we investigate the agegraphic dark energy(ADE) model by including the sign-changeable interaction between ADE and dark matter in non-flat universe.The interaction Q can change its sign from Q 0 to Q 0 as the universe expands.This indicates that at first dark matter decays to ADE,and then ADE decays to dark matter.We study the dynamical behavior of the model by using the phase-plane analysis.It is shown numerically that the coupling constant β plays an important role in the evolution of the universe.The equation of state(Eo S) of ADE with the sign-changeable interaction is more likely to cross the phantom divide w_d =-1 from top to bottom with the increasing of the |β|.Whereas in ADE model with usual interaction,wd can cross the phantom divide from bottom to top.We also find that our model is consistent with the observational data.     

Study Pure Annihilation Decays $B_s^0(\bar B_s^0)\rightarrow D^{\pm}\pi^{\mp}$ in PQCD Approach

The rare decays $B_s^0\rightarrow D^\pm \pi^\mp$ and $\bar B_s^0\rightarrow D^\mp \pi^\pm$ can occur only via annihilation-type diagrams in the standard model. In this paper, we calculate branching ratios of these decays in perturbative QCD approach ignoring soft final state interaction. From our calculation, we find that their branching ratios are at O(10^-6) with large CP asymmetry, which may be measured in LHC-b experiment in the future.     

Chaotic behavior of channeling particles

Channeling describes the collimated motion of energetic charged particles along the lattice plane or axis in a crystal. The energetic particles are steered through the channels formed by strings of atomic constituents in the lattice. In the case of planar channeling, the motion of a charged particle between the atomic planes can be periodic or quasiperiodic, such as a simple oscillatory motion in the transverse direction. In practice, however, the periodic motion of the channeling particles can be accompanied by an irregular, chaotic behavior. In this paper, the Moliere potential, which is considered as a good analytical approximation for the interaction of channeling particles with the rows of atoms in the lattice, is used to simulate the channeling behavior of positively charged particles in a tungsten (100) crystal plane. By appropriate selection of channeling parameters, such as the projectile energy E(0) and incident angle psi(0), the transition of channeling particles from regular to chaotic motion is demonstrated. It is argued that the fine structures that appear in the angular scan channeling experiments are due to the particles' chaotic motion.     

Two-step mechanisms of two-proton decays of nuclei

A formalism for describing two-step two-proton decays of nuclei is developed on the basis of the multiparticle theory of deep-subbarrier one-proton decays of nuclei that employs integral expression for the decay widths in question. This formalism relies on the idea that the interaction between the emitted protons has but a slight effect on the widths with respect to the two-proton decays being considered. It is shown that such a decay is naturally broken down into the sequential one-proton decays of an (A, Z) parent nucleus and an (A ? 1, Z ? 1) intermediate nucleus, these decays being related by the Green’s function G(A ? 1, Z ? 1) that describes the intermediate nucleus with allowance for its real and virtual states, which give rise to, respectively, the sequential and the virtual two-step two-proton decay of the parent nucleus. It is also shown that the widths with respect to sequential two-step two-proton decays coincide with the analogous widths constructed within the R-matrix theory of nuclear reactions leading to the production of unstable particles and with their counterparts obtained with the aid of solving the set of kinetic equations for the chain of nuclei undergoing radioactive decays. It is found that the widths with respect to virtual two-step two-proton decays are close in structure to the widths constructed for the simultaneous two-proton decays of nuclei by using integrated formulas within a simplified model of the method of three-particle hyperspherical polynomials.     

SENSITIVITY TO PERTURBATION IN QUANTUM CHAOTIC SYSTEM

Numerical results show that, for quantum autonomous chaotic system, the evolution of initially coherent states are sensitive to perturbation. The overlap of a perturbed state with the unperturbed one decays exponentially, which is followed by fluctuation around N^-1, N being the dimension of the Hilbert space. The matrix elements of the evolution operator in interaction picture tend to be a random distribution after sufficiently long time, where the interaction is the perturbation, even when the perturbation is very weak. The difference between a regular system and the chaotic one is shown clearly. In a regular system, the overlap shows strong revival. The distribution of the evolution matrix has only a few dominant terms.     

Infinite-Dimensional Kraus Operators for Describing a Thermal Channel with Self-Kerr Interaction

According to operator-sum representation theory, we have identified infinite-dimensional Kraus operators for describing a thermal channel with self-Kerr interaction after directly solving the corresponding master equation by virtue of thermo entangled state. Then we also prove in detail that Kraus operators hold the normalization. As an example, we exactly calculate the evolving result of a chaotic field in the thermal environment with the Kerr medium and find that the chaotic field evolves into a new chaotic field unaffected by the coupling factor with the Kerr medium.     

SU(3) breaking in the two-body decays of the Ψ(3100)

Motivated by the experimental fact that the ψ(3100) does not appear to behave like an SU(3) singlet when it decays into a vector pseudoscalar final state, we propose a model for SU(3) breaking in ψ decays. In the model we envision the ψ decay as a two-stage'process. In the first stage the quark-antiquark pair which comprises the ψ annihilate via a Zweig rule violating interaction to create a pair of “ordinary” quarks. We allow this interaction to violate SU(3) invariance so that all quarks may not be created equally. In stage two the quark pair turns itself into hadrons via a Zweig-allowed, SU(3)-invariant interaction. The data for the vector-pseudoscalar decays seem to indicate that the intermediate quark pair behaves like a heavy ω. We then use this “fact”. to make predictions for the baryon-antibaryon and the tensor-vector decays.     

Search for production of invisible final states in single-photon decays of Υ(1S)

We search for single-photon decays of the Υ(1S) resonance, Υ → γ + invisible, where the invisible state is either a particle of definite mass, such as a light Higgs boson A?, or a pair of dark matter particles, χχ. Both A? and χ are assumed to have zero spin. We tag Υ(1S) decays with a dipion transition Υ(2S) → π?π?Υ(1S) and look for events with a single energetic photon and significant missing energy. We find no evidence for such processes in the mass range m(A?) ≤ 9.2 GeV and m(χ) ≤ 4.5 GeV in the sample of 98 × 10? Υ(2S) decays collected with the BABAR detector and set stringent limits on new physics models that contain light dark matter states.     

Thermodynamics of Small Fermi Systems: Quantum Statistical Fluctuations

We investigate the probability distribution of the quantum fluctuations of thermodynamic functions of finite, ballistic, phase-coherent Fermi gases. Depending on the chaotic or integrable nature of the underlying classical dynamics, on the thermodynamic function considered, and on temperature, we find that the probability distributions are dominated either (i) by the local fluctuations of the single-particle spectrum on the scale of the mean level spacing, or (ii) by the long-range modulations of that spectrum produced by the short periodic orbits. In case (i) the probability distributions are computed using the appropriate local universality class, uncorrelated levels for integrable systems, and random matrix theory for chaotic ones. In case (ii) all the moments of the distributions can be explicitly computed in terms of periodic orbit theory and are system-dependent, nonuniversal, functions. The dependence on temperature and on number of particles of the fluctuations is explicitly computed in all cases, and the different relevant energy scales are displayed.     

RKKY interaction in AB-stacked multilayer graphene

The RKKY interaction between two magnetic impurities absorbed on the surface layer of half-filled AB-stacked multilayer graphene (ABSMLG) is theoretically studied based on the lattice Green's function technique. In comparison with the case of monolayer graphene, the RKKY interaction in such multilayer graphene presents distinct properties in some aspects. Firstly, from the numerical results, we find that the thickness of the ABSMLG influences the RKKY interaction in a complicated manner, depending on the odd/even parity of the number of layers and the sublattice attribution of the positions of the two magnetic impurities. Then, we derive the asymptotic expressions of the RKKY interactions in ABSMLG in the long-distance limit. For even-layered ABSMLG, we find that the RKKY interactions of the 1A-1A, 1B-1A and 1B-1B couplings fall off as 1/R(2), 1/R(4) and 1/R(6) (1A and 1B stand for, respectively, the sublattice points in the surface layer, which are positioned directly on the plaquette and on a lattice point of the layer underneath). On the other hand, in odd-layered ABSMLG, the decays of these interactions follow the 1/R(2), 1/R(3) and 1/R(3) power laws respectively. In addition, we also find that these analytical expressions are quantitatively valid to describe the RKKY interaction in ABSMLG when the distance between the two magnetic impurities is larger than the lattice constant of graphene by one order of magnitude.     

二维Hénon-Heiles势及其变形势体系逃逸率与分形维数的研究

采用Chin和Chen的动力学算法追踪粒子在体系中的运动情况, 首次研究并对比了粒子在Hénon-Heiles体系与变形Hénon-Heiles六边形体系中的混沌逃逸规律, 在Hénon-Heiles体系中, 对于不同能量范围, 分形维数与逃逸率随能量而改变, 但在变形Hénon-Heiles六边形体系中, 仅在低能区分形维数与逃逸率随能量的改变而变化, 而高能区逃逸率和分形维数趋于稳定值. 并且得到普遍规律, 即不同混沌体系中粒子的混沌逃逸率和粒子逃逸的分形维数呈现较强的线性相关性. 因而分形维数可以作为工具研究混沌体系中粒子的逃逸规律, 在介观器件设计中可以通过研究混沌电子器件的分形维数来表征粒子在器件中的传输行为.     

Cosmological consequences of grand unification beyond SU(5)

We examine the cosmological consequences of new types of fermions generally present in GUTs based on unitary groups larger than SU(5) which break down to SU(5) at ultralarge energies. We find that some SU(5) singlet fermions in such theories tend to have masses small compared to 10¹⁵ GeV. If sufficiently light (or massless) such particles affect He abundance unacceptably. If heavier (but still light compared to 10¹⁵ GeV) the decays of such particles generate entropy and thus greatly suppress n_B/n_γ.Such theories also contain ultraheavy fermions. Their decays are shown to be a prime source of singlet fermions. It is also shown that the decays of ultraheavy fermions generate entropy which tends to suppress the contribution to n_B/n_γ from usual mechanisms. These decays may themselves, however, generate a baryon asymmetry.     

Stability and Chaos of Two Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates with Three-Body Interaction

We study the dynamics of two Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) tunnel-coupled by a double-well potential.A real three-body interaction term is considered and a two-mode approximation is used to derive two coupled equations,which describe the relative population and relative phase. By solving the equations and analyzing the stability of the system, we find the stable stationary solutions for a constant atomic scattering length. When a periodically time-varying scattering length is applied, Melnikov analysis and numerical calculation demonstrate the existence of chaotic behavior and the dependence of chaos on the three-body interaction parameters.