气相色谱法测定车用汽油中含氧化合物和苯胺类化合物

利用中心切割技术和双毛细管色谱柱系统,采用两次进样的方式,建立了气相色谱测定车用汽油中含氧化合物和苯胺类化合物的分析方法。第一次进样分析,组分首先进入非极性DB-1色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm×1.0μm),按沸点由低到高的顺序分离,通过电磁阀切换将沸点小于2-己酮的组分切割至强极性GS-OxyPLOT色谱柱(10 m×0.53 mm×10μm)或CP-Lowox色谱柱(10 m×0.53 mm×10μm),其余重烃组分通过阻尼柱进入FID检测器。在GS-OxyPLOT或CP-Lowox色谱柱上,烃类组分与含氧化合物分离并进入检测器检测,消除了大量的烃类组分对含氧化合物测定的影响。第二次进样分析,设定电磁阀切换时间为间-甲基苯胺从非极性色谱柱流出的时间,苯胺类化合物在GS-OxyPLOT或CP-Lowox色谱柱上与烃类和含氧化合物分离并进入检测器检测。以乙二醇二甲基醚为内标化合物进行内标法定量。实现了在一套系统上同时测定车用汽油中添加的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、甲醇、甲缩醛、乙酸仲丁酯、乙酸乙酯、苯胺、邻/间/对-甲基苯胺和N-甲基苯胺的含量,各组分的检测范围为0.01%~10%(质量分数),回收率为86.0%~102.6%。该法可以为车用汽油的质量控制提供有效的检测手段。     

烃类化合物在不同色谱柱上的定量结构-保留相关性研究

运用量子化学中的AMI方法计算烃类化合物的分子结构描述参数,借助逐步回归法建立了烃类化合物在不同极性色谱柱上的QSRR模型。结果表明：烷烃、烯烃、二烯烃类化合物在不同极性的色谱柱上的色谱保留与其分子结构描述参数之间具有较好的线性关系,烃类化合物在不同极性固定相上的保留主要与溶质分子的MR有关,即与溶质分子的色散力有关。随着溶质分子的不饱和度的增加,或固定相极性的增强,溶质分子与固定相之间的电荷传递作用随之增强。而且,烃类化合物在不同极性固定相上的色谱保留的QSRR模型均可用量化参数HOMO、LUMO、EICE以及MR参数来描述。所建立的在不同极性色谱柱上的烃类化合物的色谱保留QSRR模型预测烃类化合物的色谱保留值时具有较好的稳定性和准确性。     

柱色谱分离、气相色谱-质谱法定性分析F-T合成油中的含氧化合物

在柱色谱柱中填充100～200目的硅胶,以二甲亚砜为洗脱剂,将F-T合成油产物分离为烃类及有机含氧化合物两部分。采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对有机含氧化合物部分进行了分析,共鉴定出有机含氧化合物139种,并对其出峰规律进行了总结。     

原位合成分子筛膜毛细管色谱柱的研制

吸附型多孔层毛细管柱既耐高温又对气体及烃类异构体有选择性，同时又具有毛细管色谱快速、高效等优点，是解决难分离组分的重要柱型．常用作气一固吸附色谱固定相的有强极性的硅、中极性的氧化铝、非极性的碳质及特殊吸附作用的分子筛．其中分子筛以其独特的吸附作用，在永久性气体和烃类碳数族组成分析中有重要地位．Pruecell和Soulages[1，2]等制备了涂渍型5A和13X型分子筛的毛细管柱，对低碳烃类化合物显示了良好的分离能力，分析柱温较填充柱降低约100℃．邹乃忠等[3～5]也先后制备了分子筛层的毛细管柱用来作直馏汽油的分析．由于通…     

采用反吹、微流控技术分析原油中的轻烃组分

利用程序升温蒸发进样器、反吹技术和微流控装置分析原油中的C5~C13轻烃组分,用一根HP PONA色谱柱分离,同时得到保留时间相同的火焰离子化检测信号和质谱检测信号,为原油中轻烃组分的色谱定性提供了新的有力工具。该方法中所用的色谱柱使用寿命长,分离效果好,对平湖4井油样中C5~C13馏分的分离得到了可用质谱定性的峰约290个(尚有不少混合峰存在),较难分离的物质对t-1,2-二甲基环戊烷与2-乙基戊烷得到了较好的分离,2-乙基戊烷峰得到非常好的质谱图,是目前研究原油中轻烃组分分析的有效手段。同时应用微流控装置后可在质谱仪不停机的条件下更换色谱柱。     

气相色谱法快速检测乙烯中7种含氧化合物

建立了气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)测定乙烯中7种微量含氧化合物的方法。对色谱柱柱温、载气流速和分流比等条件进行了优化;采用外标法定量,在一定浓度范围内,7种含氧化合物的标准曲线R2均大于0.99;加标回收率在91.4%~119.1%之间,相对标准偏差均小于5.0%。实验结果表明,7种含氧化合物的检出限在0.06~0.74 mL/m3之间,样品分析周期为5 min。方法适用于乙烯中微量含氧化合物的快速检测。     

用毛细管色谱法分析醇酮醛酯醚

采用在玻璃毛细管内壁镀上银层,然后涂固定液聚乙二醇400的办法,消除了含氧化合物色谱溜出峯的拖尾现象,提高了柱效能.同时解决了极性固定液的涂渍问题.在长80米和内径0.2毫米的镀银毛细管色谱柱上,在60分钟内可以一次使40种含氧化合物获得良好分离,也测得了46种含氧化合物的相对保留值.     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定甲醇制烯烃副产汽油及甲醇制汽油产物中的含氧化合物

采用纯硅胶柱固相萃取技术对甲醇制烯烃副产汽油或甲醇制汽油产物进行预处理,将产物中的含氧化合物与烃类进行色谱分离,采用质谱鉴定产物中的含氧化合物。使用标准溶液优化纯硅胶小柱的洗脱条件,比较预处理方法的回收率,考察预处理方法的重复性。结果表明,标准溶液的各含氧化合物组分回收率为87.7%~95.3%。采用气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)通过内标法对实际样品中除甲醇和乙醇外的含氧化合物进行定量分析,使用丁酮、叔戊醇、戊酮和己酮的响应因子作为同碳数醛、酮、醇的FID响应因子,定量甲醇制烯烃副产汽油和甲醇制汽油产物中的含氧化合物。对于甲醇和乙醇,采用GC-MS分析提取特征离子用外标法定量。结果表明,甲醇制烯烃副产汽油和甲醇制汽油产物中的含氧化合物以酮类、醛类为主,并有少量的醇类。     

甲基叔丁基醚装置未反应C4组分中微量含氧化合物的测定

对几种高分子聚合物色谱固定相分离性能进行比较研究,选择了一种较好的混合固定相,适用于甲基叔丁基醚装置未反应碳四（C4）组分中微量二甲醚、甲醇、甲基叔丁基醚、叔丁醇等含氧化合物的气相色谱测定.以内标法进行计算.检测下限可达到10×10-6（W/W）,其它化合物不干扰测定.     

HPLC检测煤、石油产品中的极性化合物

本文以高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析为主要手段,对煤、石油加工产品中的含氧、含氮的极性物进行了检测。试样中极性物的富集,采用经典柱液体色谱法、组分的分离,采用双ODS柱、以色谱保留值和质谱核实作定性测定。文中,以石脑油裂解产品及煤超临界抽提产品为对象,列举了它们的某些含氧、氮的极性物的定性、定量检测结果及典型色谱分离谱图。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.