体积排阻色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术在富硒金针菇硒多糖形态分析中的应用研究

提取含硒7.97μg/g的富硒金针菇硒多糖,采用体积排阻色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱(SE-HPLC-ICP-MS)联用技术进行在线分离分析,确定富硒金针菇中至少含有三种硒多糖,其分子量分别为4.27 kDa1、.868 kDa和1.54 kDa,含硒量分别占可溶性硒多糖中硒含量的14.95%、40.39%和44.66%。进一步研究证明:在金针菇的富硒培养过程中,硒不仅参与了生物大分子的合成,而且在富硒金针菇体内存在大量的具有生物活性的硒多糖。从分子生物学角度对新的补硒资源和生物活性因子进行有益的探索,为研究人类硒源的生物安全性和高效可利用性提供科学的理论依据。     

HPLC-ICP-MS联用技术在富硒金针菇硒的形态分析中的应用

从富硒培养的金针菇中分离得到含硒化合物, 并采用SE-HPLC-ICP-MS联机技术对浸提液中的含硒化合物进行分离分析; 同时对样品中的硒蛋白在特定条件下水解, 采用RP-HPLC-ICP-MS联机技术对水解液中硒代氨基酸进行确认, 并测定其中硒的含量. 结果表明, 可溶态硒是富硒金针菇中硒的主要存在形式, 其中小分子含硒有机化合物中的含硒量占浸提液中硒的71.87%; 而含硒蛋白所占比例为4.88%; 进一步确定富硒金针菇中含有硒代胱氨酸、硒代蛋氨酸和由二者组成的含硒多肽等, 各形态硒的含量为总硒量的12.3%, 17.6%和36.8%. 本方法将具有高效分离能力的色谱技术与高灵敏度的元素检测技术成功结合, 用于含硒生物分子中硒的在线分析, 具有快速、灵敏及准确等特点.     

富硒蛹虫草的抗氧化活性研究

采用现代分离技术从富硒蛹虫草中提取硒多糖,然后以苯酚-硫酸法、电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP—MS）法对硒多糖中多糖含量和硒含量进行测定;在Fenton体系的最佳实验条件下,研究了硒多糖对羟自由基的清除作用及硒多糖对支撑磷脂双层膜（Supported Bilayer Lipid Membranes,s—BLM）的保护作用。结果表明：硒多糖清除羟自由基的效果比与之相同浓度的无机硒、多糖都要明显。其中硒多糖对羟自由基的最高清除率可达38．02％,硒多糖具有很强的抗脂质过氧化、保护支撑磷脂双层膜的作用。     

富硒香菇中微量元素硒的含量测定

以香菇为载体,通过在培养基中加入一定质量浓度的复合硒溶液进行富硒栽培,获得了富硒香菇,并成功提取出香菇硒多糖,应用2,3-二氨基萘荧光分光光度法测定了富硒香菇中的硒含量,方法简单,结果可靠。     

富硒木耳中的硒元素形态分析

以富硒木耳为研究对象,采用液相色谱偶联电感耦合等离子体质谱,分析比较了6种不同提取方法对富硒木耳中小分子硒形态的提取效率,对木耳的硒形态进行了定量分析。结果表明,对富硒木耳中的小分子硒形态的提取,胃蛋白酶提取法效果最好,提取率为44. 8%,其他溶剂从提取效果由好到差分别为:乙酸铵、柠檬酸、稀盐酸、50%的甲醇水溶液和70℃的热水。胃蛋白酶法提取的小分子硒形态主要为硒代蛋氨酸,其他硒形态,如硒代胱氨酸和四价硒,含量均很低,且不存在六价硒形态。     

高效液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术用于胁迫富硒海带硒形态研究

通过对海带胁迫富硒培养, 研究了海带对硒的富集总量及硒化学形态转变. 建立了反相离子对缓冲盐等3个色谱系统的高效液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用(RP-HPLC-ICP-MS)技术测定亚硒酸钠、硒甲基半胱氨酸(MeSeCys)、硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)三种硒形态. 采用3种提取溶剂, 超声提取缩短提取时间, 分离检测富硒海带的主要硒形态为亚硒酸钠、硒甲基半胱氨酸和硒代蛋氨酸.     

超声辅助酶法提取-原子荧光光谱法测定富硒黑木耳中硒形态

建立了富硒黑木耳中硒代胱氨酸、硒代半胱氨酸、亚硒酸、硒蛋氨酸、硒酸5种硒形态的液相色谱-原子荧光光谱分析方法。通过链酶蛋白酶E酶解,结合超声提取后,选取Hamilton PRP-X100离子交换色谱柱(250 mm×4.1 mm,10μm),40 mmol/L的磷酸氢二铵为流动相,在16 min内,5种硒形态完全达到基线分离。5种硒形态在线性范围内相关系数R为0.9990~0.9999;加标回收率为76.1%~108%;检出限分别为硒代胱氨酸0.35μg/L、甲基-硒代半胱氨酸0.46μg/L、亚硒酸0.26μg/L、硒代蛋氨酸0.64μg/L、硒酸3.06μg/L;方法应用于富硒黑木耳中硒形态的分析,精密度高、重现性好、方法稳定、准确可靠,是测定富硒黑木耳中硒形态含量的有效方法。     

Enterobacter Cloacae Z0206细菌胞外富硒多糖的抗氧化活性

利用产多糖菌Enterobacter cloacae Z0206(E.cloacaeZ0206)的深层发酵法制备了E.cloacae Z0206细菌富硒多糖;测定了其还原能力和清除1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)自由基、超氧阴离子及羟自由基的能力.结果表明,通过深层富硒发酵、醇沉离心等制备富硒多糖SEPS的产量为9.28g/L,富硒量为2.314mg/g;E.cloacae Z0206富硒多糖对DPPH自由基和羟自由基具有较好的清除作用,在浓度为5g/L时对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率分别为80.35%和84.26%,并具有较强的还原能力,但其对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力较差.     

硒多糖的抗氧化活性及与过氧化氢酶协同作用的研究

对自行培养的富硒蛹虫草中提取的有机硒多糖进行抗氧化活性研究.采用循环伏安法(CV),在铂电极表面构筑支撑磷脂双层膜 (Supported bilayer lipid membrane, s-BLM),以0.1 mol/L KCl-1.0 mmol/L K3Fe(CN)6-1.0 mmol/L K4Fe(CN)6为探针溶液,利用Fenton体系中Fe2+和H2O2反应产生的羟自由基对模拟生物膜的损伤程度考察有机硒多糖的生物活性.结果表明:羟自由基使s-BLM的通透性增强,造成膜体损伤;而在硒多糖存在下,可使羟自由基对膜的这种损伤受到抑制,硒多糖能够清除自由基保护生物膜;采用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱法比较研究不同浓度的过氧化氢酶与硒多糖对羟自由基的清除率.结果表明:硒多糖对羟自由基的清除效果好于过氧化氢酶,且当体系中硒多糖和过氧化氢酶共存时,二者对羟自由基的清除效果具有协同作用.进一步讨论了硒多糖抗氧化活性的可能机理,为有机硒多糖在保护生物膜、抗氧化活性方面的开发与利用提供科学的理论依据.     

高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定富硒食品中5种形态硒的含量

提出了将高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法应用于富硒食品中硒的形态分析。选择木瓜蛋白酶(PP)作为提取剂,在如下优化条件下对样品中5种形态硒进行提取:(1)料液比1g/40mL;(2)50.0g·L~(-1) PP溶液加入量20mL;(3)于60℃水浴中振荡提取8h。提取液冷却并离心后取其上清液,用Hamilton PRP-X100离子交换色谱柱作为固定相,35mmol·L~(-1)磷酸氢二铵溶液(pH 6.0)作为流动相进行高效液相色谱的分离,5种形态硒[Se(Ⅵ)、Se(Ⅳ)、硒代胱氨酸(SeCys_2)、甲基-硒代半胱氨酸(MeSeCys)和硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)]在16 min内完全分离。将分离所得分别含有5种形态硒的溶液先后引入仪器进行氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定。结果表明:5种形态硒的质量浓度均在5~100μg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,5种形态硒的检出限(3S/N)为0.39~1.18μg·L~(-1)。按所提出方法对富硒大米样品进行加标回收和精密度试验,测得回收率为80.2%~118%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.1%~8.2%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.