高压下β-FeOOH纳米固体结构转变的研究

 以化学水解法合成的β-FeOOH纳米微粉（平均粒径在12 nm左右）为原料，分别在0.0~4.5 GPa和200~350 ℃的压力和温度范围进行冷压和热压处理。实验结果表明，冷压对β-FeOOH纳米固体的结构没有明显影响，但却使它的热致相变（从β-FeOOH相到α-Fe₂O₃相）温度从常压下的203.8 ℃提高到4.5 GPa压力下的274 ℃，接近常规体相材料的相变温度。而在一定的热压条件处理下，首次发现了从β-FeOOH相到α-FeOOH相的结构转变，并在4.5 GPa、200 ℃的热压条件下得到了转变过程中的一个新的亚稳相。从压力和温度对纳米微粒的作用角度，对上述实验结果进行了讨论。     

纳米晶Si在高压下的电学性质与金属化相变

 在金刚石压砧装置上,采用电阻和电容测量方法,研究了粒径为15~18 nm和80 nm的纳米晶Si在室温下、24 GPa内的电阻、电容与压力的关系。实验结果表明,它们分别在19~17 GPa和14 GPa左右发生了金属化相变。     

高压下LiB3O5晶体-非晶体相变的研究

 采用X射线粉末衍射和同步辐射能散X射线衍射技术，对LiB₃O₅（LBO）晶体进行了压致非晶化相变的研究，压力达45.1 GPa。实验结果表明，LBO存在两个中间相变，压力分别为5 GPa和15.8 GPa。而当压力增加到25~31.6 GPa时，LBO出现非晶态，这个非晶化相变是不可逆的。     

β-BaB2O4晶体高压相变的X光衍射研究

 我们用金刚石压砧装置（DAC）高压X射线粉末衍射照相方法，研究了β-BaB₂O₄晶体的相变。压力从0.1 MPa逐步加至17.6 GPa，发现BBO由室温下的六方相经历了若干次相变后，当压力加至11.5 GPa时，转变为无定形相。在11.5 GPa压力前的相变是可逆的，一旦进入无定形相，则相变是不可逆的。     

纳米二氧化铈的高压拉曼光谱研究

本文利用金刚石对顶砧高压技术,在0.1MPa～47.5GPa压力范围内对粒径为8nm的纳米CeO2进行了高压拉曼光谱研究。研究结果表明,常压下萤石结构的纳米CeO2(空间群Fm3m)在24.3GPa时开始发生萤石结构到PbCl2类型(空间群Pnam)的结构相变。这个相变为可逆相变,卸压至零压时样品恢复至萤石结构。     

利用电导率测量方法研究不同粒径ZnS高压相变过程

利用在金刚石对顶砧上集成的金属电极,对不同粒径的ZnS材料进行了高压原位电导率测量. 粒径为2 μm的体材料ZnS在15 GPa时,电导率迅速增大5个数量级,表明体材料ZnS此时发生了从闪锌矿到岩盐矿的结构相变. 而粒径6 nm的纳米材料ZnS的结构相变压力为21 GPa. 电导率测量结果还表明纳米 ZnS比体材料ZnS还具有更宽的迟滞区间.     

不同尺寸锐钛矿结构TiO2纳米晶的高压相变研究

本文利用溶胶-凝胶法合成出5.6 nm、8.6 nm和19.4 nm三种尺寸的锐钛矿结构TiO2纳米晶, 并利用金刚石对顶砧压机结合Raman光谱技术研究了尺寸效应对其在23 GPa高压下结构相变的影响。结果发现, 对于5.6 nm和8.6 nm的样品, 加压到23.2 GPa和22.5 GPa的压力时没有发生结构相变, 而是转变为无定型结构, 卸除压力后, 依然保持为无定型; 而19.4 nm的样品在约11.3 GPa时逐渐转变为单斜斜锆石结构, 在卸压后转变为α-PbO2结构。相对于块材, 尺寸越小, 相变压力越大。基于吉布斯自由能理论, 尺寸减小引起的表面能增大被认为是相变压力变大的主要原因。     

BaTiO_3纳米陶瓷的高压Raman光谱研究

本文研究了平均粒度为20nm的BaTiO3纳米陶瓷在高压下的Raman光谱变化,分析了特征峰随压力变化情况,确定了36.7Gpa范围内的三个相变,分别发生在3.3Gpa,10.93GPa,19.8GPa。     

巨磁阻材料Sr2CrWO6高压下的结构稳定性和电学特性

 采用金刚石压砧高压装置，研究了双钙钛矿结构化合物Sr₂CrWO₆在室温下、34.5 GPa压力内的同步辐射X射线衍射谱，发现在9.6 GPa的压力点样品的结构有所变化。结合室温下20 GPa内电阻和电容随压力的变化，证明样品在9 GPa附近发生了晶体结构相变，而在2~5 GPa的压力范围内样品发生了电子结构相变。     

β-FeSi2的高压研究

 对β-FeSi₂晶体进行了原位X射线衍射高压研究。利用同步辐射X射线衍射原位研究了β-FeSi₂的高压相演化，发现压力在4.3 GPa时出现相变，在25.8 GPa时相变完成。指标化结果表明：经高压处理后得到的产物具有四方结构，其晶格常数为：a=b=1.004 9 nm，c=0.339 4 nm。     

ZnO纳米线在压力下的电学性质

 在金刚石压砧上测量了ZnO纳米线R-p和C-p关系,并和原先测量的纳米晶及体相ZnO的结果进行了比较。研究结果表明,ZnO纳米线在5.0 GPa左右发生相转变。其间的电阻-压力曲线呈指数下降趋势,电容呈指数上升趋势;在相转变之后电阻迅速上升,电容急速下降（指数下降）,这与一般的块状和纳米晶的相转变都有所不同,表现出了纳米线与非线状纳米晶的差别。     

The structural and optical properties of ZnO bulk and nanocrystals under high pressure

The elastic properties of high-quality ZnO crystals and nanopowder of grain size of about 65 nm are studied for both wurtzite (low pressure) and rock-salt high pressure phases. The measured values of bulk moduli for wurtzite and rock-salt phases of bulk ZnO crystals are equal to 156±13 and 187±20 GPa, respectively, and considerably larger for ZnO nanocrystals. The phase transition begins at a pressure of about 9 GPa and it is completed at a pressure of about 13.8 GPa for bulk crystals, whereas the values of pressure at which the phase transition occurs are lower for nanocrystals. A carefull Rietveld analysis of the obtained data does not exhibit the presence of any intermediate phases between low pressure wurtzite and high pressure rock-salt phases of ZnO. The phase transition is accompanied by a strong decrease in the near-band-gap photoluminescence intensity. In addition, the pressure coefficient of the near-band-gap luminescence in ZnO nanocrystals exhibits strong deviation from the linearity observed in bulk crystals. An analysis of the results shows that defects present in the nanopowdered sample are responsible for the observed effects.     

Ag掺杂氧化锌纳米材料的制备及高压相变拉曼光谱研究

宽禁带直接带隙半导体材料氧化锌(ZnO),具有优异的光电性能、机械性能和化学特性.ZnO材料的结构对其性能影响较大,元素掺杂可改变ZnO晶体结构和带隙宽度,是提升ZnO材料性能的有效手段,当前常用Ag掺杂ZnO即为提高光催化反应效率.高压独立于温度、成分,是调控材料结构组织性能的重要手段,是产生新材料、发现新调控原理的...     

Mn effect on wurtzite-to-cubic phase transformation in ZnO

Mn doping effect on a wurtzite-to-cubic phase transformation in ZnO has been investigated by in situ high pressure X-ray powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Unit cell expansion is clearly observed in Mn-doped ZnO samples. Mn ions sit at Zn site in the wurtzite structure. The onset transition pressure for the wurtzite-to-cubic phase transformation decreases from about 9.5 GPa for pure ZnO to 6 GPa for sintered 2at.% Mn-doped ZnO while the compressibility and volume collapse at transition pressures are not sensitive to the Mn doping in the wurtzite phase. The doping of Mn ions in ZnO increases the onset transition pressure for the cubic-to-wurtzite phase transformation. The results could be explained by a reduction of phase transformation barriers for both transition paths by the Mn doping. The observation of reduction of the wurtzite-to-cubic phase transformation pressure might point out a new direction to synthesize cubic wurtzite phase of ZnO by doping transition element(s).     

原位高压微米氧化锌电学性质的研究

利用集成有金属薄膜电极的金刚石对顶砧,对微米氧化锌样品进行了原位高压电导率测量.结果表明,在919 GPa时样品电导率达到最小值,在919—1122 GPa时样品电导率急剧增大,说明此时样品从纤锌矿结构向岩盐矿结构转变直至完全相变,1122　GPa为相变点.通过测量不同条件下高温退火处理的样品电导率,明显看到氧空位对电导率的影响. 关键词： 高压 微米氧化锌 电导率 金刚石对顶砧     

Raman characterization of high-pressure phase transition in AlN nanowires

High-pressure phase transition of AlN nanowires was investigated in the range of 0-33.1 GPa by in situ Raman spectrum method in diamond anvil cell (DAC). The A1 (LO) vibration mode exhibits considerably asymmetry and broadening, indicating the occurrence of wurtzite-to-rocksalt phase transition. The Raman signal of high-pressure phase can be assigned to the disorder activated Raman scattering of rocksalt AlN. After fully releasing pressure, the Raman characterization of high-pressure phase was quenched. According to the pressure dependence of phonon frequency of AlN nanowires, the difference of transiton path between AlN nanowires and bulk materials was discussed and the mode Grüneisen parameters were determined.     

不同粒径纳米晶硫化锌的高压结构相变研究

 应用原位能量色散X射线散射和金刚石对顶砧技术,对纳米晶ZnS进行了高压结构相变研究。初始相为纤锌矿结构的10 nm和3 nm硫化锌分别在16.0 GPa和16.7 GPa时转变为岩盐矿结构,相变压力均高于纤锌矿结构的体材料硫化锌。该相变为一可逆的结构相变。应用大型科学计算软件Materials Studio（MS）计算了纳米晶ZnS的状态方程,根据Birch-Murnaghan方程拟合了纳米晶ZnS的零压体模量,得到的零压体模量高于相应体材料的零压体模量,表明纳米晶ZnS较难压缩。     

CdTe的状态方程及其高压相变

 用金刚石压砧高压X光衍射技术研究了Ⅱ-Ⅵ族化合物CdTe的室温状态方程和室温高压相变。实验的最高压力达39.2 GPa。实验中发现CdTe从(3.3±0.1)GPa开始从闪锌矿结构相相NaCl结构相转变，相变时体积收缩15.8%；从(10.3±0.2)GPa开始从NaCl相向β-Sn结构相转变，相变时无体积突变；在(12.2±0.2)GPa由β-Sn相向正交结构相转变，相变时也无体积突变。CdTe的压缩数据用最小二乘法以Bridgman状态方程和Murnaghan状态方程拟合，得到其零压时合相变压力时各个相的体弹模量及体弹模量的压力微商，并与其它的实验合理论结果进行比较。     

Equal compressibility structural phase transition of molybdenum at high pressure

We have studied the high-pressure compression behavior of molybdenum up to 60 GPa by synchrotron radial x-ray diffraction (RXRD) in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). It is found that all diffraction peaks of molybdenum undergo a split at around 27 GPa, and we believe that a phase transition from a body-centered cubic structure to a rhombohedral structure at room pressure has occurred. The slope of pressure-volume curve shows continuity before and after this phase transition, when fitting the pressure-volume curves of the body-centered cubic structure at low pressure and the rhombohedral structure at high pressure. A bulk modulus of 261.3 (2.7) GPa and a first-order derivative of the bulk modulus of 4.15 (0.14) are obtained by using the nonhydrostatic compression data at the angle ψ = 54.7° between the diffracting plane normal and stress axis.     

Structure of nanocrystalline ZnO up to 85 GPa

The structure of nanocrystalline and bulk polycrystalline ZnO were examined up to 85 GPa and 50 GPa, respectively using synchrotron X-rays and diamond anvil cells at ambient conditions. The transition from the wurtzite to the rock salt phase in the nano-ZnO takes place at 10.5 GPa; this transition pressure is 1.5 GPa higher than in bulk ZnO. A large volume collapse of about 17.5% is observed during the transition in both systems. The rocksalt phase is stable and no structural transitions are observed for both compounds at higher pressures up to the experimental limit. On decompression the rocksalt phase is found to co-exist with the wurtzite phase at ambient conditions for the nano-ZnO.