Simultaneous determination of polysaccharides and 21 nucleosides and amino acids in different tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza from different areas by UV–visible spectrophotometry and UHPLC with triple quadrupole MS/MS

Salvia miltiorrhiza, a traditional Chinese medicine, is a widely used herbal medicine to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In this study, ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectrophotometry and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry analytical methods were used for rapid quantification of polysaccharides and 21 nucleosides and amino acids in S. miltiorrhiza to determine 17 samples of different tissues from different areas. Based on the total contents, hierarchical clustering analysis and principal components analysis were performed to classify these samples. The established methods were validated with good linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery. Chemical analysis revealed a higher content of total analytes in the sample of inflorescence from Nanjing (34.17 mg/g), sample of root and rhizome from Shaanxi (34.13 mg/g) and sample of stem and leaf from Nanjing (31.14 mg/g), respectively, indicating that root and rhizome from Shaanxi and the aerial parts from Nanjing exhibited the highest quality due to their highest content. In addition, contents of nucleosides and amino acids in the aerial parts (14.67 mg/g) were much higher than that in roots and rhizomes (9.17 mg/g). This study suggested that UV–visible spectrophotometry and ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry are effective techniques to analyze polysaccharides, nucleosides, and amino acids in plants, and they provided valuable information for the development and utilization value of the aerial parts of S. miltiorrhiza. This analysis would also provide useful information for the quality control of S. miltiorrhiza.     

Combination of active components enhances the efficacy of Prunella in prevention and treatment of lung cancer

The efficacy of Prunella extracts in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer has been attributed to different components. In this study, an "active components combination model" hypothesis was proposed to explain the anti-tumor activity of Prunella. The efficacy of Prunella extracts from different regions was compared in vitro and in vivo, and the TNF-α activity in serum of tumor-bearing mice was also evaluated. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the extracts and identify 26 common peaks. Prunella samples from different regions were classified by the cluster analysis method; both P. vulgaris L. from Bozhou and P. asiatica Nakai from Nanjing, which had the highest activities, were further divided into different classes. Six peaks from the HPLC analysis were very similar, and were identified as caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, rutin, quercetin, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. The total ratio of these compounds in Prunella from Bozhou and Nanjing were 1.0:14.7:3.9:1.0:4.4:1.4 and 1.0:14.8:4.0:0.8:5.6:1.8, respectively. Total triterpenes and total phenols in Prunella were separated by macroporous resin purification for activity studies. The results showed that total triterpenes and total phenols had anti-lung cancer activity and their combination significantly enhanced the activity. In addition, the combination also significantly increased the TNF-α content compared to total triterpenes or total phenols. The results indicated that the efficacy of Prunella against lung cancer was attributable to multiple components acting at an optimal ratio.     

不同酸体系对PM2.5中重金属测定的影响

采用3种消解体系对聚四氟乙烯滤膜采集的PM2.5样品进行消解,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定样品中15种重金属元素。比较了硝酸–盐酸(A)、硝酸–过氧化氢(B)、硝酸–氢氟酸–高氯酸(C)3种体系的消解效果,分析了南京市PM2.5中重金属含量,并与文献值进行了比较。结果表明,A,B,C 3种体系测定结果的相对标准偏差的平均值分别为7.9%,9.9%和17.2%,加标回收率分别为80.5%~111.0%,87.5%~120.0%,74.1%~113.0%。C体系测定结果偏高,操作步骤繁琐,精密度差;A,B体系具有试剂用量少,精密度好,准确度高等优点,能满足环境空气PM2.5中多元素同时测定的要求。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱同时测定沼液中3种四环素类和6种磺胺类抗生素

建立了一种用固相萃取高效液相色谱法同时测定沼液中3种四环素类(TCs)和6种磺胺类(SAs)抗生素的分析方法.样品经Na2 EDTA提取,固相萃取小柱富集净化,甲醇洗脱后,用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法测定.检测波长270 nm,柱温25℃,流动相为乙腈-o.1％甲酸水溶液,采用等度洗脱.9种待测组分实现了基线分离,线性范围为0.02～10 mg·L-1.沼液实际样品的加标回收率范围为74.2％～102.9％.方法的检出限为2.8～21.0 μg·L-1.应用此方法对南京地区分别以猪粪、牛粪、鸡粪为发酵原料的3个沼气工程的沼液样品进行分析测定,结果表明在3种不同发酵原料的沼液环境中,不同频率地检出了四环素类和磺胺类抗生素,浓度范围为21.7～125.5μg·L-1.该方法具有准确可靠、快速简便等优点,可用于沼液中上述9种组分的同时测定.     

矿物中药自然铜的组成与热稳定性研究

采用X射线粉末衍射、热重-差热分析、等离子体发射光谱等分析手段, 对不同产地自然铜和煅自然铜的结构组成、热稳定性和微量元素进行测定和分析. 结果表明: 自然铜的主要物相为FeS2, 煅自然铜则因产地而异, 出现了FeS2(南京中医药大学样品中约86%, 湖南89%, 四川32%, 山西19%), FeS(湖南11%, 安徽24%, 四川24%), Fe3O4(安徽29%), Fe2O3(安徽14%)和FeO(OH) (南京中医药大学14%, 山西74%)等复杂物相. 自然铜在加热到450～800 ℃时, 逐渐发生了由FeS2转变为FeS的相变. 在这些药材中含有丰富的与人体健康密切相关的微量元素, 既含有对人体有益的Ca, Fe, Zn等微量元素, 也含有As, Cd, Pb等有害微量元素. 实验结果为该矿物药的鉴定和评价提供了科学数据.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定表层水体中5类40种抗生素

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱（SPE-HPLC-MS/MS）同时检测表层水中5类40种抗生素的分析方法。水样经过滤、固相萃取柱富集净化后，以乙腈-0.2%（v/v）甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱，采用电喷雾电离源，在多反应监测、正离子模式进行定性定量分析。结果显示，40种抗生素在1~200 μg/L水平下线性关系良好，平均加标回收率为41.3%~112.6%。采用该方法对长江南京段表层水体进行检测，共检出13种抗生素，含量为13.4~780.5 ng/L，其中喹诺酮类抗生素恩诺沙星检出率达100%，大环内酯类抗生素克林霉素最高检出水平达739.4 ng/L。该法高效、灵敏、可靠，可用于实际水样中多种抗生素的分析。     

Chemical analysis and distribution investigation of trace elements in indium matrix by spark source mass spectrometry

Summary High-purity indium was analysed by spark source mass spectrometry, using electrical and photoplate detection. For the calibration of the differences in elemental sensitivity, a standard sample was prepared in which 10 impurities were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. In this way accuracies of less than 40% were obtained for relatively homogeneous elements at ppm and sub-ppm level. About 40 elements could be determined with detection limits of 10 to 30 ppb. Two pattern recognition methods, principal component analysis and clustering analysis, were applied to obtain information on trace element distribution, which indicated that a number of elements were strongly spatially correlated in the analysed sample.

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Chemische Analyse und Verteilungsbestimmung von Spurenelementen in Indium-Matrix durch Funkenquellen-Massenspektrometrie

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On leave from: Department of Chemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China     

离子色谱法测定南京市道路灰尘中的四种无机阴离子

采用离子色谱法测定南京市道路灰尘中无机阴离子F^-、Cl^-、SO4^2-、NO3^-的含量。道路灰尘样品过150μm孔径的筛网,经3次涡旋离心提取,再取上清液高速离心,0.22μm滤膜过滤后上离子色谱测定。离心后的样品经IonPacTMAS 11-HC(250 mm×4 mm)色谱柱分离,以NaOH溶液(25 mmol/L)为淋洗液,采用电导检测器检测。4种阴离子均具有较宽的线性范围(0.01~0.20 mg/L),其线性相关系数r≥0.999。样品的加标回收率在87.4%~95.2%,仪器相对标准偏差(RSD)均≤3.5%,方法相对标准偏差(RSD)均≤7.7%。方法具有分析速度快,精密度好等优点,可用于评价南京市城区道路灰尘中的四种无机阴离子水平。     

Aerobic selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones catalyzed by ionic liquid immobilized TEMPO under solvent-free conditions

A selective ionic-liquid immobilized TEMPO/CuCl catalyzed oxidation procedure of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones with molecular oxygen under solvent-free conditions was developed. The catalyst was easily recovered and reused in the reaction. Correspondence: Yun-Yang Wei, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094 Nanjing, P.R. China.     

288例孕前妇女血铅水平及相关因素和健康干预分析

为了解南京建邺地区计划妊娠妇女的血铅水平及其影响因素进行健康干预,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定了南京市建邺区妇幼保健院孕前门诊健康体检的288例孕前妇女血铅水平,并对其个人生活和饮食习惯等相关因素进行问卷调查,同时对部分铅超标孕前妇女进行健康干预。结果表明,孕前妇女铅中毒发生率为12.01%,经多元逐步回归分析确定,孕前妇女文化水平是妇女铅中毒的保护因素,经常食用皮蛋、膨化食品是妇女铅中毒的危险因素;健康干预方法对于铅超标妇女干预效果前后差异有显著性(P<0.01)。鉴于目前南京市建邺地区孕前妇女铅中毒流行率较高,对危险因素的预防以及健康干预方法能降低孕前妇女铅暴露水平,建议进行健康干预以促进健全婴儿出生,实现优生优育的目标。     

镉的硫族化合物半导体纳米线阵列的模板法合成及其紫外可见吸收光谱研究(英文)

以多孔氧化铝为模板 ,用交流电分别通过含有相应的CdCl2 、ZnCl2 、单质S、Se等的二甲亚砜 (DMSO)溶液 ,沉积CdS、CdSe以及CdxZn1-xS半导体纳米线阵列并研究其紫外可见吸收光谱 .实验结果表明 ,当半导体纳米线的直径小于 2 5nm时 ,其吸收边相对于体相的吸收边产生蓝移 ,而且蓝移的幅度随着半导体纳米线直径的减小而增加 ,显示了明显的量子限域效应 .     

Simulation study of the channel on correcting neutron self-shielding effect in bulk coal

Neutron self-shielding effect in bulk materials impairs analysis of elements using prompt gamma-rays induced by thermal neutron capture reaction. For the on-line coal analysis setups of Nanjing Dalu Zhongdian Technology Joint-Stock Co., Ltd, Monte-Carlo simulations have been performed to investigate effect of the channel on correcting neutron self-shielding effect and improving measurement of H in coal. The results show that, by introducing an adequate channel in the moderator, the self-shielding effect can be corrected, and the linear concentration region of H can be extended effectively.     

NaY沸石超笼中合成12-钼磷杂多酸

针对负载杂多酸催化剂在极性反应体系中活性组分易溶脱的难题, 用“瓶中造船(ship in the bottle)”的方法在NaY沸石超笼中合成了12-钼磷酸. 将机械混和的MoO₃晶体和NaY沸石在高温下焙烧, 使MoO₃在沸石表面高度分散, 以此复合物在磷酸水溶液中反应, 得到的固体样品用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、³¹P核磁共振谱(³¹P NMR)和红外光谱(IR)进行了表征, 并测试了其在醋酸和正丁醇的酯化反应中的催化性能. 结果表明, MoO₃质量分数为10%的MoO₃/NaY 中载体仍保持Y沸石的结构, 以此为原料合成的样品呈现出Keggin结构杂多酸的红外特征峰, 并且在核磁共振磷谱中杂多酸的化学位移峰向负值方向发生了较大程度的位移, 说明杂多阴离子与Y沸石羟基发生了强相互作用, 样品在醋酸与正丁醇的酯化反应中显示出了较高的催化活性和优异的重复使用性能. 这些充分说明在NaY沸石超笼中成功合成了12-钼磷酸.     

麦草敌的高效液相色谱分析

采用正相高效液相色谱法,以邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯为内标物,对南京农业大学实验农药厂新近研制生产的复合型麦田除草剂——麦草敌可湿性粉剂中的苯黄隆和旋光性化合物敌草强〔Ｒ（－）敌草胺〕进行定量分析。方法的变异系数为０．３４％,回收率为９９．５１％～１００．３２％,线性相关系数为０．９９９９。     

Green synthesis of 5-benzylidene rhodanine derivatives catalyzed by 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hydroxide in water

A basic functionalized ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hydroxide ([bmim][OH]), catalyzed the Knoevenagel condensation of rhodanine with aromatic aldehydes. It proceeded smoothly in water to afford the 5-benzylidene rhodamine derivatives in high yields at room temperature. This new method offers several advantages, such as excellent yields, short reaction times, and simple procedure. The catalyst can be reused at least 5 times without significant loss of activity. Correspondence: Zu-liang Liu, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P.R. China.     

Investigation of the volatile constituents of different Gynura species from two Chinese origins by SPME/GC-MS

GC-MS analyses of the volatile constituents obtained by solid phase microextraction (SPME) of two Gynura species, i.e., G. divaricata and G. bicolor, collected from Nanjing and Nanping areas in the east of China, enabled the identification of more than 50 different components. Generally, a higher contents of sesquiterpene compounds such as beta-caryophyllene, alpha-caryophyllene and alpha-copaene were found in G. bicolor than in G. divaricata, regardless of their origin. Qualitatively, the detected major volatiles of G. bicolor and G. divaricata originating from Nanjing were the same, i.e., beta-caryophyllene, alpha-caryophyllene, alpha-copaene, alpha-pinene and beta-pinene. The volatile profile of a third species, G. medica, also originating from Nanjing was different with sesquiterpenes gamma-cadinene, beta-caryophyllene, elixene and monoterpene limonene as the major components. The volatile profiles of G. bicolor and G. divaricata originating from Nanping were more diverse. For both species beta-caryophyllene, alpha-copaene and limonene were the major volatiles, but G. bicolor also produced gamma-caryophyllene and carvone as major constituents, whereas for G. divariata o-cymene was detected. Overall, these results indicate that the biosynthesis of volatiles by Gynura species is not only species related, but is also possibly influenced by the local environmental conditions of growth.     

“三三制”人才培养模式下化学实验教学改革的探索与实践

南京大学国家级化学实验教学示范中心基于"三三制"本科人才培养理念,对化学实验教学进行了改革,完善了"专业学术类"人才培养的实验课程,加强了"交叉复合类"实验课程建设,探索了"就业创业类"人才培养的实验课程及平台建设,取得了显著的建设成效。     

基于创新能力培养的化学专业本科实验教学新体系的构建与实践

课程体系是人才培养的载体。为了更好地培养拔尖创新人才,南京大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心依据化学学科的特点和发展趋势,以科学内容的内在联系和研究规律为主线构建了“化学实验基础?化学合成与表征+化学原理与测量?化学功能分子实验+化学生物学综合实验+基于项目的研究实验”实验课程新体系,按照一流课程建设要求(高阶性、创新性和挑战度)对实验教学内容进行了优化,并建立起与之相适应的实验教学平台。新课程体系综合考虑了化学一级学科的整体性和关联学科的交叉性,在南京大学化学化工学院“拔尖计划”和“强基计划”学生中实施,教学效果显著。     

The Utilization of Amide Groups to Expand and Functionalize Metal‐Organic Frameworks Simultaneously

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Junfeng Bai at Nanjing University. The image depicts how to obtain mesoporosity in MOFs by ligand extension with amide spacers. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201504907 .     

液液微萃取-甲基衍生化/气相色谱法对水中氯代酸除草剂的测定

在pH大于12的条件下使水样中的氯代除草剂全部水解为盐,用正己烷和甲基叔丁基醚混合溶剂提取有机杂质,再在酸性条件下经5 mL甲基叔丁基醚提取,重氮甲烷甲基衍生化30 min后用带微电子捕获检测器的毛细管气相色谱分析,以4,4-二溴八氟联苯为内标物进行定量.茅草枯、麦草威、2,4-D、五氯苯酚的质量浓度分别在5.0 ～500、1.0 ～200、5.0 ～500、0.5 ～100 μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r= 0.994 5 ～0.998 0),检出限分别为1.0、0.5、1.0、0.1 μg/L.用该法测定南京玄武湖水样中的茅草枯,其质量浓度为7.1 μg/L,4种被测组分在高、中和低添加水平下的回收率分别为102% ～105%、96% ～110%、87% ～109%.同时建立了一种生产重氮甲烷的新原料--N-亚硝基-N-甲基脲的简易方法.