激光致盲干扰效果评估方法研究

研究了激光致盲干扰设备对光电制导系统、光电成像系统和激光测距机干扰效果的评估方法,分别提出了相应的干扰效果评估准则。对于光电制导系统,可以根据实施激光致盲干扰后制导武器的脱靶量是否超出正常制导精度的三倍或杀伤半径判定干扰是否有效,并根据干扰成功率的大小划分干扰等级。对观瞄用光电成像系统的干扰效果,可以按照致盲激光对成像功能的损伤、破坏程度划分为四个等级;对跟踪用光电成像系统的干扰效果可以根据实施干扰后成像系统能否输出有效跟踪脱靶量,以及脱靶量是否超出正常跟踪精度的三倍判定干扰是否有效。对激光测距机的干扰效果可以依据致盲激光对测距机测距精度、测距能力的影响程度划分为四个等级。     

相位测距分系统结构设计

简要概述介绍红外相位测距系统的工作原理．相位测距机在电子光学系统中的应用及相位测距分系统的方案确定与结构设计方法．对共轴光学系统中干扰产生的原因进行了分析，并提出消除干扰的方法。     

脉冲激光测距回波信号时间选通处理技术

为了降低高重频脉冲激光测距回波信号的误识别率,提高测距性能,对高重频脉冲激光测距回波信号调理技术进行深入研究。采用FPGA作为主控芯片,产生激光调制脉冲,并根据被测距离3.33 μs～33.33 μs时间选通方波信号,驱动开关芯片产生与量程关联的时间波门,有效滤除脉冲回波中的干扰脉冲,该方法改进了常规脉冲激光测距信号处理系统的自动增益控制环节。测试实验结果表明:在脉冲回波信号60 dB的动态范围内,可有效滤除回波信号中引入的干扰脉冲,极大地降低了干扰脉冲误识别造成粗大误差的可能性。该方法可推广应用于脉冲激光测距信号处理系统,使系统测距精度提高12.6%。     

基于AVR单片机的超声波测距系统构建

为了提高超声波测距精度,构建了基于AVR单片机的测距及数据处理系统。分析了超声波测距的原理,以AVR单片机为处理器设计了超声波产生和发射电路、超声波接收和信号处理电路以及温度测量和补偿电路等。针对温度对超声波速度的影响,根据超声波速度与温度的关系,设计了超声波速度补偿算法。为了提高回波时间测量准确性,减小随机噪声及空气中其他杂散播干扰的影响,采用均值数字滤波方法,对计数时间进行处理。实测结果表明,在3cm~400cm范围内,超声波测距系统测量数据准确,最大误差为0.66cm。     

超声波传感器在摊铺机自动调平控制系统中的应用

针对摊铺机自动调平控制系统对测距精度的较高要求,设计了一种具有较高精度的基于超声波传感器的测距系统。实验结果表明,在常用的测距范围内,静态测距精度可达1mm。介绍了测距系统的原理以及系统的软、硬件实现方法。     

双目立体视觉测距系统误差模型的研究

针对双目立体视觉测距中产生误差的问题,分析了系统中的各个参量,并建立了双目立体视觉测距系统的误差模型。得出引起测量系统误差最大的两个参量是CCD摄像头的对准程度和测量的距离;在视场中心的距离测量精度低,边缘测量精度高,在视场中心的水平和纵向的测量精度却远高于在边缘的测量精度两个结论。基于本文建立的误差模型可以指导适用于具体应用场合的双目立体视觉测距系统的设计。     

红外告警系统三站被动测距目标确认及精度分析

介绍了基于红外告警系统的被动测距原理,探讨了影响被动测距的误差来源,在此基础上给出了目标同一性的判定条件,结合作战使用分析了三站红外被动测距系统的目标测距精度。结果表明,2 km的站点布阵可以保证对22 km范围内的目标测距精度优于8%,对40 km范围内的目标测距精度优于15%,可实现对目标全方位、远距离、高精度被动测距。     

基于二次偏振调制的变频测距方法与系统实现

由于鉴相精度限制、电路等引入的附加相移干扰等因素,传统相位测距技术精度的提高受到了限制.采用二次偏振调制技术对相位测距技术进行了改进.利用二次偏振调制方法能够直接在相位调制器上对两次调制信号的相位差进行解调,大幅度简化了系统的复杂程度.采用变频方法替代传统的鉴相方法,从而系统的测量精度不再受鉴相问题的困扰.从理论上得到系统输出光强与调制频率成正余弦关系,并进行了实验验证.基于变频测距的实验中,系统频率的稳定度优于10-6,测量精度可以达到±10.6μm(被测距离为4.5 m).并对一段长200 m的光纤进行了实际测量,得到了清晰的调制频率与系统输出光强的曲线.     

激光脉冲强度对于盖革模式单光子探测测距精度影响的理论研究

在单光子脉冲测距系统中,由于光子到达时间的随机性,使探测到的目标距离具有一定的不确定性,因而单光子脉冲测距系统的测距精度受到一定的限制。基于回波光子与光电子的统计特性,研究了单光子探测器在脉冲测距系统中的脉冲强度,脉冲宽度等参数对系统测距精度的影响。针对常见的回波波形,得到了测距精度与回波脉冲强度及宽度的相互关系式。理论分析结果表明回波激光脉冲强度越高,脉冲宽度越窄,所获得的距离精度越高。     

百微米精度的单光子测距

本文发展了一种基于高精度单光子探测器的激光测距方法,实现了百微米量级精度的非合作目标激光测距.单光子测距系统引入参考位置,有效地抑制了系统延时漂移,使光子飞行时间测量精度达到0.5 ps,在2 m测距距离处,单光子测距系统的测距精度达到65μm@RMS.这项工作达到了当前脉冲飞行时间测距最高精度水平,为远距离非合作目标高精度测距和成像提供了一种有效的技术.     

0.1~20Hz低失真度激光活塞发声器的设计与实现

为实现次声频段传声器的准确校准,研制了低失真、低泄漏的激光活塞发声器。激光活塞发声器采用具有空气轴承和位移反馈控制的超低频振动台驱动的活塞-腔体组合获得低失真度的声压信号;采用气浮自对中技术的小间隙缸塞配合以及大体积的腔体设计,获得了低泄漏的活塞发声器。在0.1~20 Hz,声压波形总谐波失真低于0.8%,实现高达50 s的腔体泄漏时间常数,使其适用于更低频段的传声器校准。在0.1~20 Hz频率范围内,激光活塞发声器的测量不确定度不超过0.58 dB (k=2)。与耦合腔互易法、关联传声器法的比较结果表明,激光活塞发声器法获得的传声器灵敏度与其他方法之间具有很好的一致性。      

Semianalytical analysis of thermal effect in LD double-side-pumped rectangular laser crystal

A semianalytical method to analyze the thermal effect in a LD double-side-pumped rectangular laser crystal is put forward. Through the analysis of working characteristics of the laser crystal, a thermal model that matches actual situations of the laser crystal is established. General expressions of temperature field and thermal distortion field in the laser crystal can be obtained by a novel method to solve the heat conduction equation of orthotropic material. This semianalytical method can be used to calculate the temperature field and thermal distortion field in other LD double-side-pumped laser crystals and is applied to Nd:YVO₄ crystal in detail in this paper, and two methods of effectively reducing thermal distortion in the laser crystal are offered. Results show that a maximum temperature rise of 362.2 °C and a maximum thermal distortion of 5.55 μm are obtained in Nd:YVO₄ crystal when the output power of the two laser diodes are both 30 W. When the off-center distance is 0.6 mm, the maximum thermal distortion is reduced by 37.7%; when the thickness of the crystal is reduced from 2.0 mm to 1.4 mm, the maximum thermal distortion is reduced by 31.7%. Results in this paper can offer theoretical base for better solving thermal problems in laser system.     

Correction of field distortion of laser marking systems using surface compensation function

Laser scanning systems are extensively applied in laser marking, laser printers, laser projection, and laser coding. They represent a very mature technique in the marking industry, and the galvanometric scanning systems are usually adopted in the laser marking system. Although the galvanometric scanning system usually increases the marking speed, it is usually accompanied by field distortion. The paper gives a correction method for the field distortion of a laser marking system, which, using the surface curve fitting function, corrected the control system of the scanning system. The field distortion errors of the laser marking system are corrected by the surface compensation function, which, using the surface curve fitting method, obtained the corrected position of laser spots. The results in this paper indicate that field-distortion errors of laser marking systems are effectively corrected by the surface compensation function. Moreover, the compensation method would be widely adopted to increase the accuracy of most two-dimensional machine systems, such as XY table, etc.     

太赫兹量子级联激光器中有源区上激发态电子向高能级泄漏的研究

利用热力学统计理论和激光器输出特性理论,建立了太赫兹量子级联激光器(THz QCL)有源区中上激发态电子往更高能级电子态泄漏的计算模型,以输出功率度量电子泄漏程度研究分析了晶格温度和量子阱势垒高度对电子泄漏的影响.数值仿真结果表明,晶格温度上升会加剧电子泄漏,并且电子从上激发态泄漏到束缚态的数量大于泄漏到阱外连续态,同时温度的上升也会降低激光输出功率.增加量子阱势垒高度能抑制电子泄漏,并且有源区量子阱结构中存在一个最优量子阱势垒高度. THz QCL经过最优量子阱势垒高度优化后,工作温度得到提升,其输出功率相比于以往的结果也有所提高.研究结果对优化THz QCL有源区结构、抑制电子泄漏和改善激光器输出特性有指导作用.     

Effect of leakage transformer on laser power and mode pattern of CO2 laser excited by 60 Hz AC discharges

The 60 Hz AC discharges generated by a leakage transformer instead of an isolation one, which is usually used in the power supply of DC CO₂ laser, are employed as a pumping source in this experiment. The laser performance characteristics as functions of pressure and discharge current have been investigated. The maximum laser power is about 40 W at conditions of 18 Torr and 35 mA. The output power is not less than that of DC discharge at the same condition. In addition, the laser outputs of 60 Hz AC discharges obtained by different transformers such as a leakage type and an isolation one have been measured. It was found that the laser power obtained by the leakage transformer is saturated at the higher current compared with the isolation transformer.     

腔长调制引起的激光波前间歇畸变现象

介绍周期性微调ＣＯ２激光器谐振腔长度引起激光波前间歇畸变的现象，这种现象引起相干式调频连续波激光雷达回波信号带出现凹陷。初步观察表明，这种现象的出现与激光支线有关。在波前畸变时，激光器支线不跃变，横模宏观特征也不变。     

环状连续强激光下光学薄膜的瞬温和热畸变

详细研究了非冷却光学薄膜元件在环形激光光束辐照下的瞬态温度分布和随后的热畸变，并且用泰曼干涉仪实际测量了连续波氧碘激光辐照各种非冷却光学元件的热畸变量并与理论计算相比较，分析结果表明理论和实验相一致。     

The effect of plasma channel on the self-distortion of laser pulse propagating through the collisional plasma channel

In the present paper, laser pulse distortion/breakup and the effect of the plasma channel on the laser propagation through the collisional plasma have been studied by using moment theory approach. Second order nonlinear differential equations of the beam width parameter have been derived for the propagation of the laser through uniform homogenous plasma and preformed plasma channel having parabolic density profile. Differential equations of beam width parameter have been solved numerically using Runge Kutta method. It has been observed from analysis that when the laser pulse propagates through the homogenous plasma, the low intensity front and rear parts of the laser get defocused/diffracted and the high intensity central/main portion of the laser pulse gets self-guided. As a result of this, the laser pulse gets distorted. This distortion of the laser has not been observed when the laser pulse is propagated through the plasma channel having density minimum at the axis and maximum at the edges. The laser pulse is guided as a whole, even the low intensity front and rear parts of the laser are also guided. Therefore, the plasma channel is useful to prevent the distortion/breakup of the laser.     

腔镜变形对平凹稳腔激光振荡模式影响的数值研究

 用Fox-Li迭代法研究了激光谐振腔镜面变形对激光振荡模式的影响, 给出了几种镜面变形条件下的激光谐振腔自再现模,即镜面上光场振幅和位相分布的模拟结果。对平凹稳定腔,为获得严格的基模激光振荡,应将这种镜面变形控制在1/20波长范围内;若镜面变形超过1/10波长,则该谐振腔不存在严格的基模自再现模。同时,高功率激光腔镜的边缘冷却方式将造成较大的镜面形状变化,从而影响激光光束质量。     

Experimental investigation on laser flattening of sheet metal

The purpose of this research is to establish the technique of laser flattening and to consider the fundamental mechanism. The thermal stress produced by heating with a laser beam is used to make a flat sheet from a sheet metal of protruded distortion. Three kinds of protrusions are chosen as the typical protruded distortion; point protrusion, line protrusion and face protrusion. For point protrusion, laser irradiation along the circular path is effective when the height of protrusion is large, and the laser irradiation along the radial path is effective when it is small. For line protrusion, laser beam is irradiated along the short straight path whose direction is normal to the centerline of the protrusion. For face protrusion, the height decreases from 1-0.1 mm by the laser irradiation along the circular path. The residual stress at the convex surface of a point protrusion on the sheet metal changes from a large compressive stress to a small tensile stress by the laser irradiation.