The Impact of Tides on the Capillary Transition Zone

The capillary transition zone, also known as the capillary fringe, is a zone where water saturations decrease with height above the water table/oil–water contact as a result of capillary action. In some oil reservoirs, this zone may contain a significant proportion of the oil in place. In groundwater assessments, the capillary fringe can profoundly affect contaminant transport. In this study, we investigated the influence of a tidally induced, semi-diurnal, change in water table depth on the water saturation distribution in the capillary fringe/transition zone. The investigation used a mixture of laboratory experiments, in which the change in saturation with depth was monitored over a period of 90 days, and numerical simulation. We show that tidal changes in water table depth can significantly alter the vertical water saturation profile from what would be predicted using capillary–gravity equilibrium and the drainage or imbibition capillary pressure curves.     

雷列台阶-环槽端面密封机理与性能研究

基于质量守恒的JFO空化边界条件建立了雷列台阶-环槽机械密封端面润滑理论模型,采用有限单元法求解Reynolds控制方程,获得了端面膜压、密度比与液膜流线分布,分析了其密封机理与性能规律.结果表明:密封环端面内径侧的圆环浅槽和端面中部的圆环深槽组合结构可造成合理的空化现象,达到空化减漏的目的.其中,端面中部的圆环深槽是端面高压侧雷列台阶和端面低压侧圆环浅槽的隔离带,使得端面低压侧压力分布受端面高压侧压力分布的影响极小.密封流体进入低压侧圆环浅槽时,端面间隙突然发散,压力低于该工况温度下的饱和蒸汽压,整个圆环浅槽区液膜空化,达到零泄漏并出现大量的回流现象.外径侧雷列台阶提供良好的动压承载能力,实现了端面的非接触.雷列台阶和环槽织构的组合应用使得该机械密封具有优良的综合性能.     

Multiple Impact Phenomenon in Impact Hammer Testing:Theoretical Analysis and Numerical Simulation

As conducting an impact hammer testing during experimental modal analysis,the multiple impact phenomenon must be avoided.It is generally recognized that the mul...     

Numerical Analysis of the Impact of the Interior Nozzle Geometry on Low Mach Number Jet Acoustics

The flow and acoustic fields of subsonic turbulent hot jets exhausting from three divergent nozzles at a Mach number M=0.12 based on the nozzle exit velocity are conducted using a hybrid CFD-CAA method. The flow field is computed by highly resolved large-eddy simulations (LES) and the acoustic field is computed by solving the acoustic perturbation equations (APE) whose acoustic source terms are determined by the LES. The LES of the computational domain includes the interior of the nozzle geometry. Synthetic turbulence is prescribed at the inlet of the nozzle to mimic the exit conditions downstream of the last turbine stage. The LES is based on hierarchically refined Cartesian meshes, where the nozzle wall boundaries are resolved by a conservative cut-cell method. The APE solution is determined on a block structured mesh. Three nozzle geometries of increasing complexity are considered, i.e., the flow and acoustic fields of a clean geometry without any built-in components, a nozzle with a centerbody, and a nozzle with a centerbody plus struts are computed. Spectral distributions of the LES based turbulent fluctuated quantities inside the nozzle and further downstream are analyzed in detail. The noise sources in the near field are noticeably influenced by the nozzle built-in components. The centerbody nozzle increases the overall sound pressure level (OASPL) in the near field with respect to the clean nozzle and the centerbody-plus-strut nozzle reduces it compared to the centerbody nozzle due to the increased turbulent mixing. The centerbody perturbed nozzle configurations generate a remarkable spectral peak at S t=0.56 which also occurs in the APE findings in the near field region. This tone is generated by large scale vortical structures shed from the centerbody. The analysis of the individual noise sources shows that the entropy term possesses the highest acoustic contribution in the sideline direction whereas the vortex sound source dominates the downstream acoustics.     

Energy Absorption Performance of Bio-inspired Honeycombs:Numerical and Theoretical Analysis

Energy absorption performance has been a long-pursued research topic in design-ing desired materials and structures subject to external dynamic loading.Inspired...     

激波管中实验模拟爆炸波对水汽作用的研究

利用激波管中波系间的相互干扰，实验模拟了爆炸波对水汽的作用，并通过光学测试方法，对水汽同质核化、凝结非定常瞬态变化过程进行了测定．结果表明：在爆炸波强度较弱时，水汽不发生凝结；而在一定强度爆炸波后的非定常流场中，水汽会发生同质核化、凝结．这说明较强爆炸波后的绝热冷却过程可以使水汽发生相变     

圆形坚冰影响翼型气动性能的数值分析

本文用FLUENT软件模拟了结冰后NACA 0012翼型周围流场的变化,并与结冰前NACA 0012翼型的气动性能进行了对比.工作中首先以未结冰的NACA 0012翼型(干净翼型)为标准模型进行了数值验证计算,再以经过检验的方法计算结冰模型,并与结冰风洞试验数据进行了对比.本文计算攻角为0°～20°,温度为250.37K,雷诺数为2,400,000,冰型为圆形坚冰.通过对比升力阻力性能,发现与干净翼型相比,结冰翼型的最大升力系数大约减少了50%,阻力系数增加了约65%,失速攻角降低了4°.结冰后翼型提前失速是造成气动性能恶化的主要原因.     

RPC箱型桥墩抗震性能的试验研究与数值分析

以RPC箱型桥墩为研究对象,拟定合理结构形式和尺寸,设计了3个RPC箱型墩试件。通过对试件施加常轴力以及水平反复荷载,研究了水平荷载加载方向角对RPC箱型墩抗震性能的影响,分析了各试件的韧性、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、荷载退化曲线和刚度退化曲线等方面的特征,并得出了各试件的位移延性系数和耗能系数。作者编制并验证了单向荷载作用下的全过程非线性数值分析程序。实验与数值结果表明:RPC箱型墩具有较好的抗震性能,水平荷载加载方向角是影响箱型墩抗震性能的一个重要因素;斜向受力构件的抗震性能要弱于主轴受力构件。     

基于正交设计的冲击荷载下型钢混凝土梁动力性能有限元分析

为研究冲击荷载下型钢混凝土梁的动力性能,取试验结果验证模型有效性后,使用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了型钢混凝土梁落锤冲击模型．在对比了型钢混凝土梁与钢筋混凝土梁的动力性能后,分析了落锤速度对型钢混凝土梁的冲击位移、冲击力、冲击力位移曲线、惯性效应、塑性耗能等性能的影响,然后基于正交设计,研究了落锤质量、落锤速度、混凝土强度等参数对型钢混凝土梁动力性能的影响．研究结果表明：型钢混凝土梁的抗冲击性能较好;落锤速度是影响构件动力性能的主要参数,落锤质量对动力性能的影响较大,提高混凝土强度有助于增强构件的抗冲击性能．     

GLARE层板鸟撞数值模拟分析

运用大型非线性动力学有限元分析软件MSC.Dytran的ALE(任意拉格朗日欧拉耦合)分析功能,建立了基于耦合解法的GLARE层板受鸟撞作用的数值模拟模型.由于鸟体与结构发生高速撞击时呈现出流体特征,在计算中鸟体用流体本构模拟.为得到GLARE层板的层间应力,GLARE层板采用三维实体单元模拟.在耦合界面上,通过定义ALE界面传递流体域和固体域之间的相互作用.计算比较了五种不同铺层角度的GLARE层板,得到复合材料铺层角度为0°,30°,45°,60°,90°时,GLARE层板对鸟撞动力的响应,通过对计算结果比较,发现随着铺层角度增大,材料在X方向刚度降低,GLARE层板产生的应力减小,为GLARE层板的设计和应用提供了参考依据.     

沟槽表面填充材料对界面摩擦振动噪声的影响

采用机械加工方式,在基体(蠕墨铸铁)表面加工出平行且等间距的沟槽,并在沟槽中分别填满铝材料和锻钢材料,对该填充材料试样和基体试样进行界面摩擦噪声试验,并采用数值模拟方法加以分析,得出界面摩擦振动噪声行为在不同沟槽填充材料下的变化特性,并将不同界面摩擦磨损行为与振动噪声动态关联起来.试验及数值模拟结果表明,在沟槽中填充铝材料加剧界面磨损,增大摩擦系数,并加速系统不稳定振动的产生,增大噪声强度,而在沟槽中填充钢材料能有效延缓界面不稳定振动和摩擦尖叫噪声信号的产生.此外,计算结果表明,界面磨擦磨损行为导致的界面接触非线性特性是产生多频率不稳定振动和噪声的重要因素.     

一种微型轴流风扇扭叶片设计方法及其气动特性的数值研究

本文利用"径向平衡"原理,建立了轴流叶轮出口通流速度沿叶高的分布方程,并基于此提出了一种新的扭叶片设计方法.将该方法运用于某微型风扇的设计,并采用CFD技术,数值研究了不同扭曲形式下该型风扇的气动特点.通过与用传统方法设计的扭叶片及原始直叶片的气动性能的对比发现,按本文提出的方法所设计的扭叶片不仅能扩大微型风扇小流量稳定工况范围,而且其风压明显增加,有助于提高微型风扇的气动性能.     

复合材料结构抗撞击损伤设计分析技术

着重叙述复合材料雷达罩、机/尾翼前缘结构的鸟撞损伤和整体油箱的战伤分析技术及其抗强撞击生存力设计要求及其准则,供型号研制应用.     

某型飞机风挡鸟撞试验与数值模拟

通过某型飞机风挡全尺寸鸟撞试验,研究了风挡受鸟撞击的破坏模式.在试验研究基础上,采用非线性有限元方法,基于ABAQUS/Explicit软件平台和内嵌的材料用户定义子程序(VUMAT),建立了鸟撞飞机风挡的力学分析模型,详细模拟了鸟撞风挡时损伤产生及演化的全过程.该模型分别应用弹塑性模型和非线性粘弹性模型表征鸟体和风挡的本构关系,并将剪切失效判据和拉伸失效判据分别作为鸟体和风挡的失效准则,采用单元消失技术处理模型失效单元.试验获得了风挡抗鸟撞击的临界速度和结构关键点的位移、应变时间曲线等重要数据;本文模型的数值结果与本文试验提供的鸟体和风挡的瞬时变形、风挡的破坏模式、风挡测量点的位移和应变曲线吻合较好.     

A Numerical Study of Two-Phase Flow Models with Dynamic Capillary Pressure and Hysteresis

Saturation overshoot and pressure overshoot are studied by incorporating dynamic capillary pressure, capillary pressure hysteresis and hysteretic dynamic coefficient with a traditional fractional flow equation in one-dimensional space. Using the method of lines, the discretizations are constructed by applying the Castillo–Grone’s mimetic operators in the space direction and a semi-implicit integrator in the time direction. Convergence tests and conservation properties of the schemes are presented. Computed profiles capture both the saturation overshoot and pressure overshoot phenomena. Comparisons between numerical results and experiments illustrate the effectiveness and different features of the models.     

具有填充材料的金属格栅夹层板在高速冲击下动态响应的数值分析

利用大型非线性有限元程序ABAQUS和LS-DYNA,对具有填充材料的金属格栅结构的冲击问题进行数值模拟.研究了不同的填充材料(金属泡沫和陶瓷)分别填充到不同的格栅构型(波纹型、蜂窝型和加强六边形)夹层板后,各类夹层板受到金属泡沫子弹和不锈钢子弹冲击时变形与能量吸收特性,探讨了夹层板上下面层板、支撑格栅及填充材料等各部分的吸能比率.研究结果表明,泡沫填充夹层板在缓冲吸能方面具有优势,陶瓷填充夹层板则在抵抗冲击穿透方面更具有优势,不同构型的夹层板,性能略有不同.     

Impact of Capillary Pressure, Salinity and In situ Conditions on CO2 Injection into Saline Aquifers

This article presents a numerical investigation of the combined effects of capillary pressure, salinity and in situ thermodynamic conditions on CO₂-brine-rock interactions in a saline aquifer. We demonstrate that the interrelations between capillary pressure, salinity, dissolution and drying-out affect CO₂ injectivity and storage capacity of a saline aquifer. High capillary forces require a high injection pressure for a given injection rate. Depending on salinity, the increase in injection pressure due to capillary forces can be offset by the dissolution of CO₂ in formation water and its compressibility. Higher capillary forces also reduce gravity segregation, and this gives a more homogeneous CO₂ plume which improves the dissolution of CO₂. The solubility of CO₂ in formation water decreases with increasing salinity which requires an increased injection pressure. Higher salinity and capillary pressure can even block the pores, causing an increased salt precipitation. Simulations with various pressure-temperature conditions and modified salinity and capillary pressure curves demonstrate that, with the injection pressures similar for both cold and warm basins at a given injection rate, CO₂ dissolves about 10% more in the warm basin water than in the cold basin. The increase in dissolution lowers the injection pressure compensating the disadvantage of low CO₂ density and compressibility for storage in warm basins.     

混凝土动态冲击问题的一种欧拉数值方法

针对混凝土的动态冲击问题给出了混凝土的Holmquist Johnson Cook本构关系 ,本构关系中的等效强度作为压力、应变率和损伤的函数 ;压力表示为体积应变的函数 ,并考虑了永久破碎的效应 ;积累损伤作为等效塑性应变、塑性体积应变和压力的函数。结合三维弹塑性流体力学欧拉数值方法 ,提出了混凝土的Holmquist Johnson Cook本构关系与欧拉程序相结合的计算方法。介绍了带混凝土Holmquist Johnson Cook本构关系的三维弹塑性流体力学欧拉程序。     

航空制导炸弹GPS/IMU降阶滤波器设计与性能分析

为降低对航空制导炸弹弹载计算机的要求，中设计了一种速度、位置交替组合模式的9阶GPS／IMU组合导航降阶卡尔曼滤波器。通过将IMU噪声简化为等效的系统白噪声和将GPS定位和测速误差状态处理为测量噪声的方法消除IMU、GPS误差状态，把常规滤波器系统状态降为9阶：接着利用方差误差分析法和蒙特卡洛打靶法对降阶滤波器的精度进行了分析，并与常规18阶滤波器进行了比较。研究表明：对于短期低速飞行的制导炸弹，将IMU误差等效白噪声均方差取为IMU有色误差噪声的3～5倍时，降阶滤波器具有与常规18阶滤波器相近的导航精度。