聚丙烯酸辅助水热合成CdS纳米片

利用聚丙烯酸(PAA)和硫代乙酰胺(TAA)合成大分子硫源,采用水热的方法在180℃下制备立方相CdS纳米片,纳米片平均大小在100nm.用X射线衍射仪器(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM),红外吸收光谱(FTIR)和紫外吸收光谱(UV-Vis)对CdS纳米片进行了形貌和性能表征,并分析了CdS纳米片形成的可能机理.此外,反应的溶剂对CdS纳米材料的形貌有重要的影响.     

荧光CdS纳米晶的合成与表征

采用有机金属液相法,在较低温度下制备了高质量的荧光CdS纳米晶.TEM、UV-Vis、PL及XRD等研究表明,表面活性剂的浓度、反应时间及反应物配比等对所制备的CdS纳米晶的形貌与尺寸、光谱性能及结晶性能等具有显著的影响.控制合适的反应条件,可以获得单分散、光谱性能优异且结晶性好的CdS纳米晶.     

Cu2+掺杂CdS纳米晶的制备与表征

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂,采用水相合成法制备了Cu2+掺杂的CdS纳米晶. 分别用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪、原子力显微镜测试技术对样品的化学成分及形状进行分析表征,研究了掺杂CdS纳米晶的荧光激发与发射光谱. 实验结果表明,在样品制备过程的溶液中回流2 h后,组成为Cd0.99Cu0.01S的样品形状有棒状和粒状2种,Cu2+的掺入使得CdS纳米晶的荧光发射光谱红移,没有掺杂的样品在回流前的最大发射波长在520 nm处,而组成为Cd0.99Cu0.01S和Cd0.98Cu0.02S的样品在回流前的最大发射波长分别为595和610 nm,通过改变Cu与Cd摩尔比可调控CdS纳米晶的发射波长范围.     

负载型纳米CdS制备及催化分解水制氢的研究进展

硫化镉(CdS)是一种研究广泛的光催化剂,禁带能为2.4 eV,可以吸收波长小于520 nm的紫外和可见光,吸收波长范围宽,作为光催化剂具有较大的优势.纯CdS的光催化效率较低,在水溶液中易发生光腐蚀,致使催化寿命缩短,限制了CdS的应用.利用载体比表面积大,易于离子交换且有利于电子传递等优点,将纳米CdS制备成负载型催化剂,可以有效地提高CdS的光催化效率与稳定性,成为CdS改性的一种有效手段.本文综述了以SiO₂、Al₂O₃、MgO、分子筛、高分子材料、层状化合物及钙钛矿型复合氧化物等为载体,制备负载型纳米CdS光催化剂的方法及其在光催化分解水制氢中的应用.     

表面修饰CdS和(CdS)ZnS纳米晶的性能研究

在水相中合成了CdS纳米微粒,以ZnS对其进行表面修饰,得到具有核壳结构的(CdS)ZnS水溶性纳米晶。采用红外光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)表征其粒度和形貌,紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV)、荧光光谱表征其光学特性。制得的CdS近似呈球形,直径为8nm;CdS纳米颗粒表面经ZnS修饰后,其荧光发射峰强度显著增强,表面态发射减弱。     

利用侧链修饰寡聚DNA组装CdS有序纳米结构

由于 DNA分子具有特殊的结构和碱基配对特性 ,人们已经意识到利用 DNA分子将无机纳米粒子 (量子点 )组装成各种不同的有序纳米结构的可行性 [1～ 5] .如 Mirkin等 [6 ,7]利用端基修饰的寡聚 DNA将金纳米粒子组装成有序的六方堆积的层状结构 .Alivisatos等 [8]利用单链 DNA为模板 ,通过在 3′和5′端修饰巯基的互补 DNA将两个或三个金纳米粒子连接起来形成“人造分子”.本文中我们首次报道通过在侧链 ( 5′端 C1和 C2之间的磷酸根 )上修饰巯基的寡聚胞嘧啶 ( Oligo C10 - SH )和寡聚鸟嘌呤( Oligo G10 - SH)复性过程将 Cd S纳米…     

聚合物-二氧化硅复合基材中CdS纳米晶的合成

本文报道在Sol-gel基材中制备由聚合物稳定的CdS纳米晶的新方法， 即通过甲基丙烯酸镉与甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯共聚合合成了含有Cd 2+的聚合物微凝胶, 在聚合物微凝胶网络中原位聚合正硅酸乙酯形成聚合物互穿的Sol-gel复合基材. 再向该聚合物/二氧化硅复合基材中通入H2S气体得到CdS纳米晶. 在聚合物网络中原位聚合正硅酸乙酯可以降低纯二氧化硅材料的脆性; 另一方面, 二氧化硅可以作为增强剂增加聚合物材料的强度. 因此, 在我们合成的聚合物/二氧化硅复合基材中制备的CdS纳米晶将具有很好的应用前景.     

低温固相反应法合成水分散性CdS纳米晶

A novel solid-state method for the preparation of the CdS nanoparticles at the room temperature has been developed. The nanoparticles were characterized with FT-IR, XRD, TEM, XPS and PL techniques. The results indicated that the surfaces of the CdS nanoparticles were modified with sodium thioglycollate and thus they were water-dispersive. The mean particle size was about 3～5 nm. A blue shift has been observed in the photoluminescence emission spectrum.     

CdS纳米晶与多肽相互作用研究

研究了半导体CdS纳米晶的表面功能化及荧光光谱特性,并利用静电/配位自组装方法实现了多肽和CdS纳米晶的生物无机偶联,研究了纳米晶多肽偶联体系的荧光光谱以及多肽与CdS纳米晶之间的相互作用.结果表明:含巯基多肽对CdS纳米晶表面形成完善包覆,消除CdS纳米晶表面缺陷,使CdS纳米晶荧光增强;含端氨基多肽使CdS纳米晶荧光出现先升后降趋势;其余不含巯基和氨基的多肽均猝灭CdS纳米晶荧光,猝灭机制属于形成化合物所引起的静态猝灭,它们的结合常数约为2×104,结合位点数约为0.87～1.00.     

Microwave-assisted Synthesis of CdTe Quantum Dots Using 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid as Both a Reducing Agent and a Stabilizer

In this paper, a facile synthetic approach to prepare CdTe quantum dots(QDs) with high luminescence via a one-pot microwave irradiation reaction route using 3-mercaptopropionic acid(MPA) as both a sodium tellurite reducer and a capping molecule was described, and the mechanism of the formation of CdTe QDs was elucidated. In this approach, CdTe QDs with six different emission wavelengths of 553, 567, 577, 595, 608 and 615 nm were obtained via changing the refluxing time and the quantum yields(QY) of these QDs were 40.6%, 55.3%, 63.6%, 43.4%, 37.4% and 29.7%, respectively. The characterization results of X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) indicate that the obtained QDs have a pure cubic zinc blended structure with a spherical shape. No toxic gases were released during the preparation process, indicating that the method is relatively fast, cheap and environmentally friendly.     

Synthesis of Zinc Blende CdTe Nanocrystals and Facile Shape Conversion from Multipods to Dot-shaped Particles

Branched CdTe nanocrystals with zinc blende structure were directly synthesized in the early growth stage at a high initial concentration of cadmium precursor and a high molar ratio of Cd precursor to Te precuesor. Activation of the cadmium precursor by octadecylamine was found to be critical for the formation of branched CdTe nanocrystals. Furthermore, these as-prepared CdTe nanocrystals can evolve into nearly monodisperse dots through Ostwald ripening and still keep strong photoluminescence. These results manifest a new route to synthesize branch- and dot-shaped CdTe nanocrystals with zinc blende structure.     

水热法制备核-壳结构的α-ZnS纳米晶

以氯化锌和氨基硫脲为原料，采用配合物低温水热分解法，制备了具有核．壳结构的α-ZnS半导体纳米晶。X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)确定所制备样品为纯ZnS，透射电镜(TEM)表明产品的形貌是核．壳结构小球，电子衍射图案进一步证实核和壳均是由几个到十几个纳米的ZnS纳米晶组成的聚集体。荧光(FL)性质表明该样品有一定的量子尺寸效应。     

水热法合成CdS/ZnO核壳结构纳米微粒

以半胱氨酸镉配合物为前驱体,采用水热法合成CdS纳米微粒,并以ZnO对其进行表面修饰,形成具有核／壳结构的CdS／ZnO半导体纳米微粒,CdS纳米微粒表面经ZnO修饰后,其带边发射大大增强,透射电镜显示,110℃下反应4h所得的CdS／ZnO颗粒尺寸约为20nm,电子衍射表明其结构为六方相。     

层状氢氧化苯甲酸锌的水热合成与表征

在110～180 ℃范围内, 以Zn(OH)2与苯甲酸为原料水热法成功合成了层状氢氧化苯甲酸锌化合物. 通过XRD、TG-DTA、SEM、TEM和元素分析研究了合成产物的结构、形貌、性质和化学组成, 探讨了合成条件对水热反应产物的影响. 当C6H5COOH/Zn的摩尔比为0.9～1.0, 水热温度130～150 ℃及水热反应12 h, 合成的层状化合物具有纤维状粒子特征, 层间距为1.44 nm, 化学组成为Zn(OH)1.12•(C6H5COO)0.88.     

具有新颖结构的亚磷酸锌化合物的水热合成与表征

在水热体系中以二乙烯三胺为模板剂合成了结构新颖的亚磷酸锌化合物Zn(DETA)Zn₂(HPO₃)₃.单晶X射线衍射分析结果表明,该化合物属正交晶系,Cmca空间群,晶胞参数a=1.889 25(1)nm,b=1.001 04(5)nm,c=1.630 32(8)nm,β=90°,V=3.083 3(3)nm3,Z=4,DC=1.162 Mg.m^-3,最终因子R1[I>2σ(I)]=0.068 5,wR₂[I>2σ(I)]=0.160 5.该化合物的结构中含有{ZnO₄},{ZnO₂N₃}和{HPO₃}基本结构单元,其中{ZnO₄}和{HPO₃}通过桥氧原子共顶点相互交替连接形成具有4-,8-和12-元环的无限延伸的二维层.有趣的是,{ZnO₂N₃}结构单元以二聚体形式{ZnODETA}₂悬挂在12-元环孔道中,这种结构在亚磷酸锌中鲜有报道.     

NaOH溶液中CdS纳米棒的水热合成

在NaOH溶液中水热合成了CdS纳米棒, 并探讨了NaOH溶液浓度和反应时间对CdS纳米棒形貌及晶体结构的影响及其可能的生长机理和母液循环可行性. 用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)对CdS纳米棒进行了表征, 并考察了其在可见光照射下光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性. 结果表明, NaOH溶液是形成棒状形貌的关键因素. 在最优实验条件下, 可获得六方纤锌矿结构CdS纳米棒, 直径约200 nm, 长度可达4 μm. 该纳米棒具有良好的可见光光催化活性.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rhombus-like SmCO3OH Microplates and Its Photoluminescence Property Doped with Eu3+

Rhombus-like SmCO₃OH microplates with the edge lengths ranging from 5 μm to 10 μm and the thickness about 1.5 μm were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method using urea as the precipitance. The structure and properties of the rhombus-like SmCO₃OH microplates were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optical property of the rhombus-like SmCO₃OH microplates doped with Eu³⁺ was investigated by photoluminescence. A broad and strong emission band at 677 nm was obtained, which can be contributed to producing light conversion film.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization and Photoluminescence Properties of GdOHCO3 Rhombic Microcrystals

GdOHCO₃ rhombic microcrystals were synthesized by hydrothermal method with urea used as the precipitator. Experimental parameters, such as the molar ratio of the starting reagents, reaction temperature and reaction time were examined. The as-obtained product was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and spectrofluorometry. The main reactions to form GdOHCO₃ were proposed. In addition, the photoluminescence(PL) properties of GdOHCO₃ rhombic microcrystals were discussed. The broad band located between 350 nm and 600 nm in the emission spectrum can be attributed to the self-trapped exciton luminescence.