二维弹塑性磁流体力学数值模拟

为了研究物质弹塑性对磁驱动实验运动过程、不稳定性发展等的影响,在MDSC2程序的基础上,增加了弹塑性模块,研制了包括弹塑性的磁流体力学程序,并进行了弹塑性项影响的数值模拟和分析。数值模拟表明:没有初始扰动时,弹塑性项几乎不影响套筒内外半径的运动轨迹;有初始扰动时,弹塑性项对磁驱动固体套筒的Rayleigh-Tayor不稳定性有明显的抑制作用。     

金属锡Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性对模型参数敏感性的数值分析

利用自研的爆轰与冲击动力学欧拉计算程序和Steinberg-Guinan(SG)本构模型,数值模拟分析了样品初始参数(初始振幅、初始波长、样品初始厚度)和SG本构模型初始参数对爆轰驱动锡Rayleigh-Taylor(RT)不稳定性增长的影响。结果表明金属锡样品的初始参数对其RT不稳定性增长有很大的影响。RT不稳定性增长随着初始振幅的减小而减小,且存在一个截止初始振幅;存在一个最不稳定的模态(波长),当初始波长大于该波长时,RT不稳定性增长随着初始波长的减小而增大,反之,RT不稳定性增长随着初始波长的减小而减小;样品厚度的增大可以抑制RT不稳定性增长,而且存在一个样品截止厚度。金属锡的RT不稳定性增长对其SG本构模型应变硬化系数和应变硬化指数的变化不敏感,而对压力硬化系数和热软化系数比较敏感。从采用扰动增长法预估材料强度的角度来说,修正压力硬化系数以获得锡合理的材料强度是合理的途径。     

高阶FD-WENO格式在数值求解Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性问题中的应用

用高阶加权本质上无振荡有限差分格式(FD-WENO),求解重力作用下高密度比二维流体界面Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性问题及激光烧蚀Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性问题,均获得较为理想的数值结果.     

烧蚀RT不稳定性X射线分幅诊断研究进展

在神光II装置上,利用高动态范围高性能X射线分幅相机开展了辐射驱动烧蚀RT不稳定性面背光实验研究.在神光II 8路2ns辐射源和第九路Mo背光条件下,利用二维时空照相获得了周期20 μupm、初始扰动1 μupm烧蚀RT样品清晰的增长过程,并通过掺Br比例1.1%样品观测到RT非线性增长的结果.实验为惯性约束聚变(inertial confinement fusion,ICF)RT不稳定性定量表征和数值模拟奠定了良好的基础.     

Weak Nonlinearity of Ablative Rayleigh--Taylor Instability

The weakly nonlinear regime of single mode ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability is studied, with consideration of preheat effect and the width of the ablation front. The Rayleigh-Taylor linear growth rate agrees well with the direct numerical simulation. For the density perturbation, the amplitude distribution of the fundamental mode has one peak value whereas those of the second and third harmonics have two and three peak values, respectively. Harmonics generation versus wave number is also given and it is close to the result of direct numerical simulation.     

激光烧蚀瑞利－泰勒不稳定性模拟

 给出了激光烧蚀流体不稳定性计算程序EUL2D的物理方程,介绍了计算中使用的活动网格和一些技术问题处理。EUL2D程序的计算结果与Takabe公式、FAST2D程序和LASNEX程序的结果较好符合。数值计算日本大阪大学激光烧蚀瑞利－泰勒不稳定性实验,再现了实验结果。发现了横向电子热传导烧蚀在长波长扰动的非线性瑞利－泰勒不稳定性演变中起重要作用。     

Directly driven Rayleigh—Taylor instability of modulated CH targets

Directly driven ablative Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability of modulated CH targets was studied using the face- on X-ray radiography on the Shen-Guang II device. We obtained temporal evolution images of the R-T instability perturbation. The R-T instability growth factor has been obtained by using the methods of fast Fourier transform and seeking the difference of light intensity between the peak and the valley of the targets. Through comparison with the the theoretical simulation, we found that the experimental data had a good agreement with the theoretical simulation results before 1.8 ns, and was lower than the theoretical simulation results after that.     

A simplified approximate analytical model for Rayleigh–Taylor instability in elastic–plastic solid and viscous fluid with thicknesses

A simplified theoretical model for the linear Rayleigh-Taylor instability of finite thickness elastic-plastic solid constantly accelerated by finite thickness viscous fluid is performed.With the irrotational assumption,it is possible to consider viscosity,surface tension,elasticity or plasticity effects simultaneously.The model considers thicknesses at rigid wall boundary conditions with the velocity potentials,and deals with solid elastic-plastic transition and fluid viscosity based on the velocity continuity and force equilibrium at contact interface.The complete analytical expressions of the amplitude motion equation,the growth rate,and the instability boundary are obtained for arbitrary Atwood number,viscosity,thicknesses of solid and fluid.The thicknesses effects of two materials on the growth rate and the instability boundary are discussed.     

Suppression of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability due to self-radiation in a multiablation target

A scheme to suppress the Rayleigh-Taylor instability has been investigated for a direct-drive inertial fusion target. In a high-Z doped-plastic target, two ablation surfaces are formed separately-one driven by thermal radiation and the other driven by electron conduction. The growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability is significantly suppressed on the radiation-driven ablation surface inside the target due to the large ablation velocity and long density scale length. A significant reduction of the growth rate was observed in simulations and experiments using a brominated plastic target. A new direct-drive pellet was designed using this scheme.     

Bubble motion in inclined pipes

Highly nonlinear free-surface flows in vertical, inclined, and horizontal pipes are analyzed. The problem of bubble motion in a vertical pipe is closely related to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability problem. Inclined pipe flows are intensively studied as related to gas and oil transportation. A new theory of motion of large bubbles in pipes is developed. As distinct from previous approaches, which relied on semiempirical methods or numerical fitting, analytical methods of potential theory and complex analysis are used. A careful comparison of 2D and 3D solutions is presented. It is shown that a higher dimensionality may not correspond to a higher bubble velocity. For the first time, free-surface flows in inclined pipes are analyzed by means of direct numerical simulation, which makes it possible to develop a new approach to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability problem (bubbles with wedge-and cone-shaped noses).     

界面张力对Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性的影响

将具有简单速度势的Layzer模型和Zufiria模型推广至非理想流体情况, 并分别利用这两种模型研究了界面张力对Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性的影响. 首先得到了两种模型下气泡的渐近速度和渐近曲率的解析表达式; 其次系统研究了界面张力对气泡的渐近速度和渐近曲率的影响; 最后将两种模型进行了比较, 并将气泡的渐近速度和数值模拟进行了比较. 研究表明: 界面张力压低了气泡的速度, 但对曲率没有影响; 利用简单速度势的Layzer模型所得的气泡的渐近速度比复杂速度势的Layzer模型的值小, 但是比Zufiria模型的值大; 当阿特伍德数等于1时, 简单速度势的Layzer模型和复杂速度势的Layzer模型给出的结果一致. 关键词： Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性 界面张力 Layzer模型 Zufiria模型     

高速摄影在流体动力学不稳定性研究中的应用

用高速摄影技术研究了高压气体膨胀驱动空气-水界面的瑞利-泰勒不稳定性,获得了空气-水界面的不稳定性清晰图像,得到气炮尖顶运动速度及湍流混合层高度增长速度与时间关系曲线。在横式激波管上用高速纹影诊断技术研究了激波作用空气-SF6界面的里克特迈耶-梅什科夫不稳定性,初步获得了实验图像,可清晰显示混合区变化过程。     

Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性的Runge-Kutta间断有限元模拟

 采用发展后的间断有限元方法,对Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性进行了数值模拟。在计算中采用Level-Set方法进行界面追踪,用虚拟流体方法（Ghost Fluid Method,GFM）对界面附近物理量进行等压装配。对两个典型的Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性算例的数值研究结果表明,采用该方法计算含有接触间断的多介质流体力学问题是有效的,在交界面附近不出现伪振荡,具有较高的分辨率。     

镉镍蓄电池及其在大功率脉冲恒流源中的应用

 介绍了碱性镉镍蓄电池用作脉冲大电流恒流源的可行性，叙述了该类电池放电电流的规律和消除记忆效应的办法，并列出了用镉镍蓄电池组装有关恒流源样机的测试数据和实际考验结果。实验证明：在脉冲式大电流场合下，使用蓄电池作能源，可以消除常用的高功率脉冲源对市电电网的冲击，节省大量设备投资，获得具有高稳定度性能的恒流源。     

钝感炸药圆筒试验与爆轰产物JWL状态方程研究

 对以TATB为主的钝感炸药JB-9014进行了25 mm和50 mm两种装药直径的圆筒试验，测试了TU1圆筒在爆轰产物驱动下的膨胀过程R(t)关系。对圆筒试验进行了综合分析和二维数值模拟计算，综合评估了JB-9014的作功能力和圆筒试验的相似性。通过二维流体动力学数值模拟，确定得到了JB-9014炸药爆轰产物JWL状态方程参数。经对JB-9014二维平面滑移爆轰驱动试验的数值模拟检验，证明确定的JWL状态方程参数是可靠的，具有较高的精度和普适性。     

Mode selection in weakly unstable two-dimensional detonations

A formulation of the reactive Euler equations in the shock-attached frame is used to study the two-dimensional instability of weakly unstable detonation through direct numerical simulation. The results are shown to agree with the predictions of linear stability analysis. Comparisons are made with linear perturbation growth rates and oscillation frequencies as a function of transverse disturbance wavelength. The perturbation eigenfunctions predicted by linear stability analysis are directly validated through numerical simulation. Three regimes of unstable behavior – linear, weakly nonlinear, and fully nonlinear – are explored and characterized in terms of the power spectrum of the normal shock velocity for a Chapman–Jouguet detonation with weak heat release.     

Compressible Rayleigh-Taylor Instability with Preheat in Inertial Confinement Fusion

The compressible Rayleigh-Taylor instability of accelerated ablation front is analysed in consideration of the preheat effects, and the corresponding eigen-problem is solved numerically using the fourth-order accurate two- point compact difference scheme. Both the growth rate and perturbation profiles are obtained, and the obtained growth rate is close to the results of direct numerical simulation. Our results show that the growth rate is more reduced and the cutoff wave length becomes longer as preheat increases.     

爆轰加载下高纯铜界面Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性实验研究

金属界面不稳定性是内爆物理压缩过程中关注的重要问题,与传统流体界面不稳定性具有显著区别.由于相关理论和实验诊断技术的限制,目前该问题的研究还明显不足.为加深对金属界面不稳定性扰动增长行为的认识,本文建立了爆轰加载下高纯铜界面Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性研究的实验诊断技术和数据处理方法,得到了扰动发展早期不同时刻界面扰动增长的X光图像.实验结果分析表明:在爆轰产物的无冲击加载条件下扰动波长基本保持不变,而初始扰动幅值越大,界面扰动增长的趋势就越明显;同时随着样品前界面扰动的不断发展,在样品的后自由面也出现了与前界面初始相位相反的扰动特征,即样品前界面扰动为波谷的位置所对应的后界面先运动而逐渐演变为波峰,而前界面扰动为波峰的位置所对应的后界面则演变为波谷;在5.26μs时刻,界面扰动幅值增长为初始值的700%左右,应变率达到了约105/s.结合数值模拟研究表明:在此情况下常用的Steinberg-Cochran-Guinan模型在一定程度上低估了高纯铜材料强度的强化特性,无法准确地描述强度对界面扰动增长的制稳作用,从而导致数值模拟结果要大于实验测量结果.     

R-T界面不稳定性及湍流混合的大涡模拟

采用大涡模拟(LES)方法研究R-T(Rayleigh Taylor)不稳定性,显示了不稳定发展的小扰动阶段、变形阶段、规则非线性阶段、不规则非线性阶段和湍流混合阶段界面演化与特征,分析了湍流混合层厚度增长的规律,同时还研究了湍流二阶相关量如动量、质量和能量通量在大尺度和亚格子尺度所占分量,验证了LES方法是处理R-T界面不稳定性和湍流混合的一种有效方法.     

液滴超声速气动破碎初期界面不稳定性

针对液滴破碎问题,获得并揭示两相界面演化特征机理.采用数值模拟方法,观察了超声速条件下的液滴气动破碎初期的界面不稳定性.基于数值模拟结果和线性稳定性理论,综合分析表明,Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性和Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性均对源于驻点和外环之间中段附近处的主导扰动产生作用.保持其他流动特性不变,降低K-H不稳定性的影响,对数值模拟进行了专门改进,进一步验证了前述结论.