Fe2O3/CNT催化湿法H2O2氧化苯酚

通过化学沉积法和热处理得到多壁碳纳米管负载Fe2O3催化剂 Fe2O3/CNT, Fe2O3的负载质量分数约为15.1%,XRD表征显示,负载的Fe2O3存在α和γ这2种晶型。考察了Fe2O3/CNT催化湿式H2O2氧化去除废水中苯酚催化性能,通过苯酚的去除率及反应过程中催化剂活性组分的溶出总量,研究了催化剂制备过程中添加聚乙烯醇对催化剂性能的影响。在苯酚和H2O2初始浓度分别为350和1 500 mg/L、催化剂投加量为1.0 g/L、温度80 ℃条件下,经过240 min的反应,苯酚去除率达100％,COD去除率为86.1％。     

H2O2氧化降解海藻酸钠

研究了清洁高效的氧化剂H2O2对海藻酸钠的降解,探讨了溶液pH值、反应温度、H2O2用量及金属离子浓度对降解速度的影响. 结果表明,随着溶液pH值的降低、反应温度的升高及H2O2用量的增加,降解速度加快. 当反应pH=5.3、反应温度50 ℃、H2O2用量0.5%时,反应2 h即可降低海藻酸钠的分子量. 4 mg/L的Cu2+或Fe2+可明显加快降解速度,反应30 min的粘度变化相当于不加Cu2+或Fe2+时300 min的变化. GPC结果表明,海藻酸钠被氧化降解后,分子量下降,分布变宽;FTIR显示降解前后海藻酸钠的糖环结构没有改变,主要是糖苷键的断裂.     

三元复合材料K8[Fe（H2O）W11MnO39]/PANI/TiO2的制备及光催化性能

采用静电自组装法制备出三元复合材料K8[Fe（H2O）W（11）MnO（39）]/PANI/TiO2.采用IR,UV,XRD,SEM,XPS和N2吸附-脱附的表征手段对K8[Fe（H2O）W（11）MnO（39）]/PANI/TiO2进行表征,并以龙胆紫为模型,在紫外光照射下,考察了K8[Fe（H2O）W（11）MnO（39）]/PANI/TiO2对龙胆紫染料的光催化性能,确定光催化最佳条件：龙胆紫溶液浓度为5mg/L,pH=3,K8[Fe（H2O）W11MnO39]/PANI/TiO2的用量为10mg,脱色率可达92.93%.     

结构助剂SiO2、Al2O3对铁基催化剂浆态床F-T合成性能的影响

采用连续共沉淀与喷雾干燥成型技术相结合的方法制备了微球状Fe/Cu/K/SiO2和Fe/Cu/K/Al2O3催化剂，研究SiO2和Al2O3作为结构助剂对铁基催化剂吸附行为、炭化行为及F-T合成反应性能的影响。表征结果表明,与Al2O3相比较，SiO2抑制了H2的吸附，但促进了CO的吸附，有利于催化剂的炭化。催化剂在260℃、1.5MPa、H2/CO=0.67和2000h-1下的浆态床F-T合成反应评价表明，Fe/Cu/K/SiO2催化剂具有较高的F-T合成活性、高的水煤气变换反应（WGS）活性，且其烃产物选择性明显向高炭数方向偏移，而Fe/Cu/K/Al2O3催化剂则表现出较低的F-T合成活性、低的水煤气变换反应（WGS）活性和高的轻质烃选择性。但Fe/Cu/K/Al2O3催化剂比Fe/Cu/K/SiO2催化剂具有更好的运行稳定性。     

液相催化复极性流化床电解槽处理对硝基酚废水

应用液相催化复极性流化床电解槽降解处理对硝基酚废水.溶液中的Fe2+离子与O2在阴极还原生的成H2O2形成了Fenton试剂,实验以对硝基酚为降解底物,考察了槽电压、Fe2+浓度及曝气量对模拟废水对硝基酚及COD去除率的影响.结果显示,在pH=3.0,电压30V,Fe2+浓度500 mg.L-1,曝气量0.4 m3.h-1的条件下,对硝基酚及COD均有较高的去除率.     

镀铜铁屑-H_2O_2催化氧化降解含酚废水

采用镀铜铁屑代替传统Fenton体系中的FeSO4作为催化剂,通过改变H2O2与镀铜铁屑的投加量、溶液的pH值、反应温度、反应时间等条件,研究了该体系对处理苯酚废水的影响。结果表明,常温下处理实际含酚印染废水,在pH值为4~6,30%H2O2 12mL/L,镀铜铁屑5g/L,反应时间为45min时,COD去除率可达96%,其CODCr从5827mg/L降至419mg/L,色度从2000降至30,符合国家三级排放标准。     

S2O2-8派生氧化法催化降解水中的甲基橙

 S2O2-8在Ag+的催化作用下可生成 SO-4· 和Ag2+, SO-4· 和Ag2+ 具有极强的氧化能力,其电极电位分别为E0Ag2+/Ag+=1.989 V, E0SO-4·/SO2-4=3.64 V. 本文研究了S2O2-8+Ag+体系中甲基橙的降解情况,并用紫外光谱、总有机碳(TOC)和高效液相色谱/质谱对降解过程进行了表征. 在pH=1的S2O2-8+Ag+体系中,反应8 min时, 5 μmol/L的甲基橙色度去除率达100%. 2 h后,水样中有悬浮物出现,过滤后样品TOC去除率为8.6%; 在同样条件下, Fenton法对甲基橙TOC去除率为10%. 在促使有机物矿化方面, S2O2-8+Ag+法与Fenton法的效果基本相同.     

固体强酸催化剂S2O2-8/ZrO2-Al2O3-M2O3(M=Cr,Ce,La)的制备

酯化反应;固体强酸催化剂S2O2-8/ZrO2-Al2O3-M2O3(M=Cr;Ce;La)的制备     

TiO2／S2O8^2—固体超强酸催化长叶烯异构化反应

采用TiO2/S2O8^2-固体超强酸催化长叶烯异构化反应,考察了催化剂制备方法及处理催化剂所用的（NH4）2S2O8溶液浓度、催化剂的焙烧温度、用量、反应温度及反应时间等对催化性能的影响,得出最佳反应条件。TiO2/S2O8^2-固体超强酸对长叶烯异构化反应具有很高的催化活性和选择性,主产物为异长叶烯,得率高达约96％。     

超声吸附制备均匀分散在SBA-15的S2O82--Fe2O3纳米粒子:增强S2O82--Fe2O3本体催化活性

酸催化剂在化学反应和化工生产中具有重要的作用.传统无机酸,如H2SO4,H3PO4和对甲苯磺酸等具有较高的催化活性,但是存在污染大、设备腐蚀严重以及催化剂不能重复使用等问题.固体酸具有酸性强、易分离、环境友好以及稳定性和重复使用性好等特点因而近年来越来越引起人们的关注.其中,SO42--MxOy固体超强酸(如SO42--ZrO2,SO42--TiO2和SO42--SnO2等)因具有很好的催化性能而备受关注.相比SO42--MxOy,S2O82--MxOy具有更强的酸性和稳定性而成为研究的重点.如何克服固体超强酸本体的低比表面积和孔容,增加其比表面积和催化活性是固体超强酸研究的热点.超声吸附法可保证所制介孔固体酸活性组分均匀分散,以及大的比表面积和更多的酸性位点.因此采用超声吸附法制备了一种新型介孔固体酸S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15.相比S2O82--Fe2O3本体、B酸和文献报道催化剂,负载30%Fe2O3的S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15在环氧苯乙烷甲醇醇解的探针反应中显示出很高的催化活性,反应收率为100%.S2O82--Fe2O3纳米粒子的纳米效应和SBA-15介孔结构的协同作用使S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15具有高催化活性.相比S2O82--Fe2O3本体,采用超声分散技术制备的S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15固体超强酸具有典型的介孔结构、大的比表面和孔容,并且表面富含酸性位点.并且吡啶红外分析S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15表面富含L酸和B酸.环氧苯乙烷甲醇醇解探针反应表明,Fe2O3负载量为30%时,S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15的催化活性最高,优于S2O82--Fe2O3本体和已报道的布朗酸和路易斯酸等催化剂,将醇底物拓展(ROHs,R = C2H5-C4H9),S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15的催化活性也优于S2O82--Fe2O3本体.同时,S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15具有很好的重复使用性能,连续使用七次,反应收率在84.1%以上.总之,具有高催化活性、好的稳定性和经济性的S2O82--Fe2O3/SBA-15具有广阔的应用前景.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。