MnO2/C复合材料的电化学电容特性研究

应用乙炔黑直接还原高锰酸钾制备MnO2/C复合材料.样品结构及性能由XRD和SEM表征.研究了MnO2/C电极(正极)在不同电解液中的法拉第"准电容行为",及其循环伏安、交流阻抗与恒电流充放电等性能.实验表明,MnO2/C复合材料具有良好的电化学电容特性.在1 mol/L的KOH电解液中和电流密度为5 mA/cm2下,MnO2/C复合材料的比电容量可达258 F/g,并表现出良好的循环性能.     

MnO2/PPy/PANI三元纳米管复合材料的合成及其电化学电容性能

在聚苯胺（PANI）和二氧化锰（MnO2）存在的条件下,以FeCl3/甲基橙为模板,通过化学氧化法聚合吡咯(Py)单体,制备MnO2/PPy/PANI纳米管复合材料。 利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、红外光谱和电化学测试等多种测试技术对复合材料进行物性表征和电化学电容性能测试,并讨论了不同含量的PANI对复合物材料的结构和性能的影响。 结果表明,由于PANI、MnO2与PPy三者的相互协同作用,以及材料管状结构的大比表面积,使三元复合材料具有比二元复合材料要大的电化学活性。 所合成的三元复合材料最大比容量达到458.4 F/g。     

水热法制备纳米MnO2及其赝电容性能研究

本文K2S2O8作氧化剂,以MnSO4为锰源,于120℃不同水热反应时间下制备得到不同形貌的纳米MnO2,用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的结构与形貌进行表征。采用循环伏安法、交流阻抗和恒流充放电技术对纳米MnO2赝电容性能进行测试。结果表明,随着反应时间的增加,纳米MnO2形貌由海胆结构转变为纳米线,水热处理12 h时纳米MnO2比电容为282 F.g-1,水热处理时间延长至24 h时比电容下降为161 F.g-1,继续反应至36 h比电容又上升为203 F.g-1。     

MnO2/聚苯胺复合材料的电化学电容

以P123为模板剂,软模板法制备出纳米MnO2.酸性条件下引入苯胺并聚合,得到了MnO2/聚苯胺复合材料.X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征观察样品的结构、形貌.循环伏安、交流阻抗、恒电流充放电等测试MnO2/聚苯胺电极的电化学性能.结果表明:引入苯胺改变了样品纳米MnO2的形貌.MnO2/聚苯胺电极比容量高达190.8F·g-1,500次循环电极比容量仅衰减4.7%,库仑效率均保持在97%以上.     

MnO2/H-TiO2纳米异质阵列的调控制备及超电容特性

采用目标调控的阳极氧化工艺制备了超大比表面、管与管相互分离的有序TiO₂纳米管阵列（TiO₂ NTAs）基体,进而分别采用电化学氢化法和循环浸渍沉积法对晶化退火后的TiO₂ NTAs实施电化学氢化和高比电容MnO₂沉积的双重功能化改性,调控构筑了一种新型MnO₂/H-TiO₂纳米异质阵列电极材料。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（TRTEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X光电子能谱仪（XPS）、拉曼光谱（Raman）和电化学工作站等对样品进行综合表征与超电容特性测试,结果表明：电化学氢化改性有效提高了H-TiO₂ NTAs的导电性和电化学特性,当电流密度为0.2 mA·cm^-2时H-TiO₂ NTAs的面积电容达到7.5 mF·cm^-2,是相同电流密度下TiO₂ NTAs的75倍;经过2个浸渍循环所获得的MnO₂/H-TiO₂ NTAs-2样品在电流密度为3 mA·mg^-1时比电容可达481.26 F·g^-1,电流密度为5 mA·mg^-1时循环充放电1000圈后比电容仅下降约11%。     

Co(OH)_2/NaY复合材料的制备及其超级电容性能

应用化学共沉淀法制备Co(OH)2/NaY复合材料,并以其组成超级电容器.测试结果表明,该材料具有良好的超级电容性能,Co(OH)2的最高比电容达632.5 F.g-1.     

ZnO模板法合成的MnO2纳米棒及其电容特性研究

以自制的 ZnO 纳米棒为模板合成了 MnO2 纳米棒.x-射线衍射、红外光谱和透射电镜等对产物成分、晶型结构及其形貌的分析结果表明,所得样品均为平均直径20nm左右、平均长度约180nm的α-MnO2 纳米棒.循环伏安和恒流充放电测试分析所得样品超级电容特性的结果表明,在 1mol/L Na2SO4 水溶液中,2mA...     

三维还原氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料的制备及其超级电容性能

以制备的氧化石墨凝胶和聚苯胺纳米线为原料, 将二者按一定的质量比进行混合超声分散, 再以混合分散液为前驱体采用一步水热法制备得到三维还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)/聚苯胺(PANI) (RGP)复合材料, 采用扫描电镜(SEM), 透射电镜(TEM), X射线衍射(XRD), 傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱, X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学测试等分析研究了复合材料的形貌、结构和超级电容性能. 结果表明, 复合材料既保持了还原氧化石墨烯的基本形貌, 又能使聚苯胺较好地镶嵌在还原氧化石墨烯的网状结构中; 且当氧化石墨与聚苯胺的质量比为1:1时复合材料在0.5 A·g^-1电流密度下比电容可高达758 F·g^-1, 即使在大电流密度(30 A·g^-1)下其比容量仍高达400 F·g^-1,在1A·g^-1电流密度下循环1000次后比容量保持率为86%, 表现出了良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性, 其超级电容性能远优于单纯的还原氧化石墨烯和聚苯胺, 其优异的超级电容性能可归咎于二者的相互协同作用.     

微波原位合成Ag NPs/MoS2复合材料及其电化学性能

二硫化钼纳米片(MoS₂)受到带电杂质、结构缺陷和易聚集等因素的影响,导致其电子转移性能下降,使其应用受限。将银纳米颗粒(Ag NPs)与少层MoS₂纳米片复合,可提升MoS₂纳米片的电化学性能。本研究创新性地采用微波还原法,使Ag NPs原位沉积于MoS₂,得到Ag NPs/MoS₂复合材料。结果表明,将Ag NPs/MoS₂复合材料修饰于丝网印刷电极(screen printed electrodes,SPE)后,测得的循环伏安(cyclic voltammetry,CV)曲线峰电流值为同浓度单一MoS₂修饰电极的1.8倍,方波伏安(square wave voltammetry,SWV)曲线峰电流值为单一MoS₂修饰电极的3.4倍,电化学阻抗谱(electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,EIS)的电子转移阻抗值(Ret)仅为167Ω,相比MoS₂/S...     

电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3/C的水热合成和性能

以LiOH·H2O, NH4VO3, NH4H2PO4 和麦芽糖等为原料, 采用水热法合成了碳包覆的磷酸钒锂化合物, 考察了碳含量对材料电化学性能的影响. 利用XRD, TEM, SEM和恒流充放电测试等手段对产物的结构、 形貌和电化学性能进行表征. 结果表明, 在650℃煅烧的样品为单一纯相的单斜晶体结构. 晶体颗粒分布为100~300 nm, 粒度分散均匀, 分散性良好, 无团聚现象, 且在颗粒表面包覆了一层无定形碳, 这有利于改善材料的导电率. 含碳量为10.23%的样品, 在倍率1.0C的电流密度下, 在3.0~4.3 V电压范围内, 样品的首次放电比容量高达118.8 mA·h/g, 循环15圈后放电比容量为115.1 mA·h/g, 容量保持率为96.88%.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and pseudocapacitance properties of MnO2 nanostructures

The effect of varying the hydrothermal time to synthesize manganese oxide (MnO(2)) nanostructures was investigated along with their influence on structural, morphological, compositional, and electrochemical properties in supercapacitor electrode materials. XRD and TEM studies showed that the MnO(2) prepared in shorter hydrothermal dwell time was a mixture of amorphous and nanocrystalline particles, and there was an evolution of crystallinity of the nanostructures as the dwell time increased from 1 to 18 h. Interestingly, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM revealed a variety of structures ranging from nanostructured surface with a distinct platelike morphology to nanorods depending upon the hydrothermal reaction time employed during the preparation of the manganese oxide: increasing the amount of individual nanorods in the materials prepared with longer hydrothermal reaction time. The surface area of the synthesized nanomaterials varied from 100 to 150 m(2)/g. Electrochemical properties were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge studies, and the capacitance values were in the range 72-168 F/g depending upon synthesis conditions. The formation mechanism of the nanorods and their impact on the specific capacitance were discussed in detail.     

MnO2-directed synthesis of NiFe-LDH@FeOOH nanosheeet arrays for supercapacitor negative electrode

The complex-architectured NiFe-LDH@FeOOH negative material was first prepared by simple two-step hydrothermal method.In this study,the porous nanostructure of FeOOH nanosheets features a large number of accessible channels to electroactive sites and the two-dimensional layered structure of NiFe-LDH nanosheets have an open spatial structure with high specific surface area,which enhance the diffusion of ions in the active material.Benefited from above advantages,the excellent electrochemical prope...     

Cu2O/CNTs复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

以乙二醇为还原剂,采用溶剂热法在混酸(V_(H_2SO_4)/V_(HNO_3)=3∶1)超声处理的碳纳米管(CNTs)表面负载氧化亚铜(Cu_2O),通过改变CNTs的含量制备出球形Cu_2O/CNTs复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、N_2吸附-脱附、紫外-可见光漫反射(DRS)、有机总碳量(TOC)等对Cu_2O/CNTs进行表征;研究CNTs含量对Cu_2O/CNTs复合材料的结构、形貌、比表面积与孔径、光吸收特性的影响;结合光催化机理讨论CNTs对Cu_2O/CNTs光催化性能的影响。结果表明,当CNTs含量为0.2 g时,Cu_2O/CNTs的光催化性能最佳,在可见光照射60 min后,对甲基橙的降解率达到92.1%。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of nanostructured MnO2 under magnetic field for rechargeable lithium batteries

Nanocrystalline MnO₂ was synthesized by the hydrothermal method with or without pulsed magnetic fields. It was found that the morphology of the MnO₂ prepared without magnetic field has an urchin-like structure, while the MnO₂ prepared with magnetic fields has a rambutan-like structure. A pronounced increase in the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area was obtained when the intensities of the pulsed magnetic fields increased. The battery performances were improved for the samples prepared with magnetic fields. The MnO₂ prepared under a magnetic field of 4 T shows a capacity of 121.8 mAh g⁻¹, while the MnO₂ prepared without magnetic field only shows 103.0 mAh g⁻¹ after 30 cycles.     

MnO2/polyaniline hybrid nanostructures on carbon cloth for supercapacitor electrodes

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - A facile two-step strategy is developed for synthesis of MnO2/polyaniline (PANI) hybrid nanostructures on carbon cloth (CC). Vertically aligned PANI...     

MnO2/煤基碳纳米纤维的制备及其在柔性超级电容器中的应用

采用静电纺丝技术制备了柔性煤基碳纳米纤维(CBCNFs)。利用低温等离子体技术对CBCNFs进行改性,并将改性后的CBCNFs作为还原剂与KMn O4反应,以实现Mn O2的原位还原负载制备CBCNFs/Mn O2复合材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜等手段对复合材料的结构与形貌进行了表征;另外,研究了其作为柔性超级电容器电极材料的性能。结果表明,KMn O4∶CBCNFs=2∶1(质量比)条件下制备的复合材料(CBCNFs/Mn O2-2)具有良好的电化学性能。在0.1A·g-1电流密度下,CBCNFs/Mn O2-2的比电容高达118F·g-1,为CBCNFs比电容(26F·g-1)的4.5倍,在1A·g-1电流密度下,循环1000次后比容量保持率为97%,表现出良好的循环稳定性。     

纳米结构MnO2的水热合成、晶型及形貌演化

以水热合成方法制备了具有不同微观形貌的纳米结构MnO2, 并以X射线衍射(XRD), 扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对其进行了表征. 跟踪考察了二氧化锰的晶型及微观形貌随水热反应时间的演变过程, 在Ostwald ripening机理作用下, MnO2晶型转化过程为γ-MnO2, α-MnO2和β-MnO2, 同时形貌由微米球转变为海胆结构、空心海胆结构和纳米线.     

Hydrothermal preparation of nanostructured MnO2 and morphological and crystalline evolution

Manganese dioxides with various morphologies were prepared using a common hydrothermalmethod without any templates or additives. The evolution of the morphology was accompanied by the gradual conversion of the polymorphic forms from γ-type to β-type. Meanwhile, MnO₂ microspheres, urchin-like nanostructures and nanowires were successfully synthesized. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The evolution process can be explained by the Ostwald Ripening mechanism. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Chinese Universities 28(7): 1223–1226 [译自: 高等学校化学学报]     

Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of three reduced phosphomolybdates

Three reduced molybdenum(V) phosphates, Na₂[H₂DaHex]_4.5[H₃O]{Mn[Mo₆O₁₂(OH)₃(HPO₄)₂(PO₄)₂]₂}·2H₂O (1), [H₂DaHex]₄[Zn(H₂O)]₂{Zn[Mo₆O₁₂(OH)₃(HPO₄)₂(PO₄)₂]₂}·6H₂O (2), and [H₂DaHex]_3.5[Cd(H₂O)₂]_1.5[Cd(H₂O)]{Cd[Mo₆O₁₂(OH)₃(HPO₄)₂(PO₄)₂]₂}·3.5H₂O (3) (DaHex?=?1,6-diaminylhexane), were hydrothermally synthesized by using the same organic template (DaHex) and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TGA, powder XRD, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic analysis reveals that the compounds contain M[P₄Mo₆]₂ (M?=?Mn for 1, Zn for 2, Cd for 3) polyanions, which are further connected by various metal ions to form different topological structures. In 1, the cluster anion Mn[P₄Mo₆]₂ is discrete. For 2 and 3, M[P₄Mo₆]₂ (Zn for 2, Cd for 3) clusters are linked by transition metal ions to form different infinite chains. Then, all the 1-D chains are further packed into 3-D supramolecular structures via hydrogen-bonding interactions. The formations of 1, 2, and 3 demonstrate that not only organic templates, but transition metal ions also play very important roles in the M-P₄Mo₆ system.