培养教育硕士专业学位研究生教学与科研技能的创新实践

为提高教育硕士专业学位研究生的培养质量,切实有效地解决人才培养中存在的实际问题,在内蒙古师范大学进行了“理论学习-实践训练-科学研究”三位一体的课程群教学改革与实践。通过任课教师和指导教师的教研合力,将多样化的有利于研究生教学能力和研究能力提高的实践活动有机地融合到专业学位课程的理论学习过程中,形成了教育硕士专业学位研究生教学和科研技能并重的创新培养模式。     

初中化学教学中培育社会责任素养*——以“燃料及其利用”复习教学为例

在分析“社会责任”素养内涵和研究现状的基础上,制订了初中化学“燃料及其利用”复习教学课的“社会责任”素养目标,并设计了以“秸秆综合利用的变迁”以及“历史悠久的薪柴燃料-使用方便的化石燃料-清洁环保的新型燃料”的燃料“进化史”为主线的教学流程。从“燃料及其利用”复习教学来看,初中化学教学可以通过真实情境、创新实验和有意义的学习经历等实践路径让学生获得“社会责任”体验,形成“社会责任”素养。     

融合STREAM理念的中学化学核心素养的培养及实践研究*——以“水的组成”为例

STREAM教育属于典型的跨学科教育形式,在学科融合的背景下,基于STREAM理念视角解决实际问题,注重在实践过程中培养和增强学生的批判思维与解决问题的能力,提升跨学科和创造性思维,使学生成为具有科学创新和革新精神的全面发展的人。融合STREAM理念开发初中化学教学案例,并将其应用于教学中,通过使用原创教学案例“水的组成”进行实践教学,研究其对教学效果及学生化学核心素养的提升作用;在实践过程中设有实验班与对照班,通过纸笔测试和问卷调查进行数据收集,结果显示不管在知识掌握度还是素养养成和促进方面,实验组都明显优于对照组,这说明融合STREAM理念对化学的教与学都具有积极作用。     

促进学生个性化深度学习的教学策略设计——以“二氧化硫的性质和作用”为例

在BEM理论的基础上，分析常规课堂教学的弊端，提出“1-1-2问题模板策略”进行教学设计的建议，以苏教版《化学1》“二氧化硫的性质和作用”为例，展示学生进行个性化深度学习的实践探究过程。     

“基础学科拔尖学生培养试验计划”中的物理化学教学

依托化学学科构建的"山东大学泰山学堂"培养模式,是以"培养一大批拔尖创新人才,使之成为相关基础学科领域的领军人物,并逐步跻身国际一流科学家队伍"为主旨。针对物理化学教学,关键是根据学生水平选择好教材,合理取舍授课的重点和内容,进行多元、多种、多次灵活授课;在传授物理化学基础知识、学习方法的同时,挖掘学生的创新能力,使学生具有较好的物理化学素养和强劲的适应能力。同时,注重理论和实验(课题组创新实验)结合,引导学生感悟"理论-实验-创新-创造-再理论"的认识深化过程。     

基于思维能力培养的“香料香精应用”教学改革

以"香料香精应用"教学创新实践为例,从科学设计教学内容和创新教学形态出发,就专业基础课如何将思维能力的培养贯穿在整个理论教学和实验教学的改革过程中,怎样在有效跟踪学生自主学习过程中强化其学习能力及培养思维能力进行了初步探索,就如何通过改革考核模式在公平公正评价学生自主学习效果的同时实现科学评价其学习能力强化程度以及思维能力培养程度进行了研究,并对该课程的理论教学和实验教学改革实践及化妆品专业人才培养方式的创新进行了总结。     

在化学教学中进行科学素质教育的实践

探讨了在化学课堂教学中培养学生科学素质的基本方法:微观思维和科学探究;探讨了在化学课堂教学中培养学生的科学认识过程和科学认识方法;介绍了在化学课外活动中进行科学素质教育的方法:开设科技讲座、开展科技活动、进行创新实践;简要介绍了进行科技实践活动所取得的成果.     

本科生创新实践能力的全过程培养探索——以北京科技大学化学与化学工程系为例

为了培养学生的创新实践能力,制订具有创新实践能力培养特色的本科生培养计划;搭建多种形式的创新实践平台;利用本科生导师制根据学生特点进行个性化培养;鼓励科研成果进课堂、进教材,发挥科研反哺教学的作用;建设一支具有创新实践能力和创新实践指导能力的师资队伍;采用在传授知识的同时培养学生创新意识和实践能力的教学方法;建立了能够考查学生创造性地分析问题、解决问题能力的考核模式。     

《植物纤维化学》中的天然高分子教学的改革实践

天然高分子作为一种资源,由于它们来源丰富且可再生利用,越来越显示出其重要地位.本文介绍了作者将培养学生的创新能力理念贯穿于教学实践中,对天然高分子教学实践采取了一些改革措施.以纤维素、木质素及半纤维素的结构-性质及其相互关系为主线展开教学内容,加强学生的高分子理论的基础知识,培养高素质的科学技术人才;选修课以研究式教学为主,加强培养学生自学能力和创新理念.改革教学模式,在教学过程中提高学生的学习兴趣,加强"教"与"学"的互动,提倡科学的批评精神,培养创新精神,以达到良好的教学目的.     

在高中化学情境教学中提高学生问题解决能力的研究

针对高中化学学科的特点,系统、深入地研究在高中化学情境教学中,提高学生问题解决能力的理论和实践问题。本研究认为在高中化学中实施情境教学有利于激发学生创新和解决问题的动机,提高学生问题解决的能力。同时,结合教师在教学实践过程中的案例分析,对于在高中化学情境教学中如何创设教学情境、如何处理教学中教师的作用等问题做了分析。因此,本课题着眼于提高学生问题解决能力的理论和实践问题,为高中化学教师提供新课程理念的教学资源和教学案例,同时也对于高中化学情境教学的实施提出建议,指出在情境教学中的应该遵循的原则和应该注意的问题。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.