改性有机硅微乳的制备

采用特殊的生产工艺及预乳化方式，选择合适的表面活性剂和有机硅活性物，可以制得稳定，透明的改性有机硅微乳，改善了织物整理效果。     

一种含氟丙烯酸树脂的制备及其表面疏水性

在聚合反应的后期阶段,向体系中引入含氟丙烯酸酯单体全氟辛基-(N-乙基-N-丙烯酸乙酯基)磺酰胺(QG-F814)共聚改性的方法制备了一种含氟丙烯酸树脂.接触角测定表明,该树脂具有良好的疏水性能.热重分析表明,该树脂在改性前后的耐热稳定性差别不大.     

基于TA-FeⅢ还原Ag离子构建木材疏水表面

本研究用一种简单、通用、快速的化学表面改性方法对木材进行疏水改性,制备的木材试件具有优异的疏水性能,具有拓展低值人工林木材应用范围的潜在能力。利用单宁酸(TA)与三价铁离子(Fe^Ⅲ)配位形成的TA-Fe^Ш复合涂层的粘附性以及TA中游离邻苯二酚/邻苯三酚良好的还原能力,将金属Ag离子原位还原为Ag纳米颗粒,在木材表面构建良好的粗糙度;随后,在复合涂层上接枝疏水长链,从而制备出疏水型木材。结果表明,随着自组装次数的增加以及还原的Ag纳米颗粒在木材复合涂层的沉积,使得木材表面的粗糙结构得到了适度的发展。未改性木材表面的接触角为52.0°,随着接触时间延长,接触角迅速下降,水滴很快渗入到木材中;而经过改性处理的木材,随着自组装次数的增加,TA-Fe^III/木材试件的接触角从138.2°增加至近143.7°;TA-Fe^III/Ag/木材试件的接触角从142.3°增加到了146.7°,使木材具有了优异的疏水性能。在强酸、强碱、有机溶剂、超声波清洗和紫外线老化等恶劣条件下,疏水木材接触角均高于135.0°,制备出...     

聚芳基乙炔树脂/杉木粉木材陶瓷的制备与表征

用聚芳基乙炔树脂浸渍杉木粉,固化制得聚芳基乙炔/杉木粉复合材料,经高温炭化得到了一种新型木材陶瓷。 用DTG分析了聚芳基乙炔树脂和复合材料的热稳定性,用XRD、LRS和SEM研究了炭化温度和树脂用量对木材陶瓷物相构成、断面微孔形态和抗压强度的影响。 结果表明,木材陶瓷呈三维多孔结构,孔分布比较均匀;复合材料保持了很高的热分解温度(325 ℃)和残碳率(70%)。 随着炭化温度升高,d002晶面间距由0.3895 nm减小至0.3530 nm,而微晶尺寸Lc和La有不同程度增加。 木材陶瓷的开孔率随炭化温度的升高由31.5%减小至20.1%,而抗压强度由3.0 MPa增大至6.2 MPa。 树脂/杉木粉质量比对木材陶瓷的微孔尺寸和形状有较大影响,但对石墨微晶尺寸影响不明显。     

有机硅改性聚氨酯/纳米SiO2复合超疏水涂层的制备

以4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、羟基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(HO-PDMS)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为原料,合成了有机硅改性的聚氨酯溶液,通过核磁共振、红外光谱技术对其结构进行表征,并研究了羟基硅油加入量对聚氨酯热稳定性、疏水性的影响.以有机硅改性的聚氨酯溶液为基体、含氟硅烷偶联剂改性的纳米二氧化硅颗粒为填料,喷涂制备超疏水涂层,研究了填料添加量对复合涂层疏水性的影响.结果表明:当硅油加入量为9 wt%,填料加入量为60 wt%时,复合涂层性能最优,水接触角为153.3°,滞后角为6.3°.经过200℃加热1 h后,仍然具有大于150°的水接触角.对复合涂层进行磨损实验与防冰测试,结果表明:该复合涂层在磨损过程中,在基底暴露之前,整个涂层基体都具有超疏水性;并且该涂层能有效降低结冰温度,延长结冰时间,具有良好的防冰性能.     

硅炔杂化树脂改性有机硅树脂及其复合材料的性能

用一种硅炔杂化树脂聚（甲基硅烷-二乙炔基苯）（PSP）改性有机硅树脂（HS）,通过FT—IR和TGA研究了树脂体系的固化反应及耐热性,并对制备的复合材料进行力学性能、耐热性能和介电性能研究。结果表明：当HS与PSP的质量比为5：5时综合性能最优,树脂体系在氮气氛围下质量损失5％时的温度（T幽）为691℃,1000℃时质量保留率为88％;HS—PSP树脂短切玻纤复合材料冲击强度为21kJ／m^2,弯曲强度为65MPa,200℃时的弯曲强度高温保留率为78％,介电常数为4．6,介电损耗因数为7．9×10,体积电阻为6．7×10^13Ω。改性后的复合材料具有优异的力学、耐热和介电性能。     

铝合金表面超疏水涂层的制备及其耐蚀性能

基于含氟聚氨酯和纳米SiO₂的协同作用, 在铝合金表面成功制备了一层超疏水涂层. 用红外光谱、扫描电镜和电化学测试等技术对超疏水涂层进行了表征和分析. 红外光谱结果表明, 硅烷偶联剂(A1100)成功键合到纳米SiO₂表面. 扫描电镜和接触角测定仪对涂层的表面形貌表征结果表明, 涂层表面存在微米鄄亚微米尺度的粗糙结构, 接触角可达到156°, 滚动角小于5°. 电化学测试(交流阻抗和极化曲线)结果表明, 所得到的涂层极大地提高了铝合金的耐蚀性能.     

质子辐照对有机硅树脂增强甲基硅橡胶的性能损伤及机理

硅橡胶具有优良的电绝缘性以及耐高低温、耐电晕、耐化学腐蚀、耐大气老化、耐臭氧和耐辐射等性能，近年来在航天领域得到了广泛应用．在宇宙空间的带电粒子如质子、电子等的辐照作用下，硅橡胶会发生性能退化，其质损率上升，产生析气现象，从而直接影响航天器的可靠性和寿命．自80年代以来，人们就对不同辐照源及不同粒子注量对硅橡胶材料的影响进行了研究，但直到近几年才将研究热点转向辐照场中硅橡胶的性能退化及微观结构的演变规律，其辐照环境大多集中于γ射线、Si^＋和F^＋离子、He^2＋离子等．对于空间环境下带电粒子辐照对硅橡胶材料的影响，国外由于相应的研究工作保密性强，报道甚少；国内哈尔滨工业大学则对我国自行研制的白炭黑增强空间级甲基硅橡胶质子辐照作用后的性能与微观结构的变化做了较为深入的研究。     

相分离丙烯酸树脂/SiO2复合超疏水薄膜的制备及其性能

基于溶剂诱导相分离法,将丙烯酸树脂薄膜在含有二氧化硅和异氰酸酯三聚体交联剂的乙酸乙酯(良溶剂)和乙醇(不良溶剂)的混合溶剂中浸渍提拉,获得具有多孔结构的超疏水薄膜。分别用红外光谱、扫描电镜表征了超疏水薄膜的结构和形貌,并测试了其疏水性、自清洁性及耐磨性。当混合溶剂中乙酸乙酯与乙醇的体积比为6∶4、SiO_2的质量浓度为0.025g/mL时,超疏水薄膜的水接触角可达158°±3°,且经历35个周期的砂纸磨损(100g载重)后仍保持超疏水性,具备良好的自清洁性与耐磨性。     

Preparation of cellulose nanofibers with hydrophobic surface characteristics

The aim of this study was to develop cellulose nanofibers with hydrophobic surface characteristics using chemical modification. Kenaf fibers were modified using acetic anhydride and cellulose nanofibers were isolated from the acetylated kenaf using mechanical isolation methods. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated acetylation of the hydroxyl groups of cellulose. The study of the dispersion demonstrated that acetylated cellulose nanofibers formed stable, well-dispersed suspensions in both acetone and ethanol. The contact angle measurements showed that the surface characteristics of nanofibers were changed from hydrophilic to more hydrophobic when acetylated. The microscopy study showed that the acetylation caused a swelling of the kenaf fiber cell wall and that the diameters of isolated nanofibers were between 5 and 50 nm. X-ray analysis showed that the acetylation process reduced the crystallinity of the fibers, whereas mechanical isolation increased it. The method used provides a novel processing route for producing cellulose nanofibers with hydrophobic surfaces.     

Preparation and properties of zeolite coating on metal surface

Crystals of mordenite were grown on metallic Cr surface by the vapor phase method. The material of zeolite coating on metal surface has been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and microprobe. It is shown by the results that this material possesses good catalytic properties.

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A pilot line of EBC system for wood panel surface coating

The first pilot plant of electron beam curing system for wood panel surface coating in China built at Shanghai University of Science and Technology is introduced. Some technical and engineering data for the operation are described.Important factors are pointed out from viewpoints of practical application of the electron beam curing process.     

Adsorption of water soluble ionic/hydrophobic diblock copolymer on a hydrophobic surface

Summary We consider the adsorption of aA-B diblock copolymer on a planar hydrophobic surface in aqueous solution. The hydrophobic anchor (A) block is envisioned to avoid water and adsorbs on the solid-liquid interface in a collapsed state. The buoy block (B) is a polyelectrolyte which expands in solution and forms a brush whose structure depends strongly on the ionic strength of the solution. The minimization of the grand canonical free energy of the system gives access to the surface density (), the thickness of the collapsed layer (L _A ) and the thickness of the external polyelectrolyte layer (L _B ). These three parametersL _B ,L _A and are functions of the molecular weight of the anchored block (N _A ), the molecular weight of the buoy block (N _B ), the charge of the polymer (Z) and the ionic strength of the aqueous solution ( _s ).     

The investigation of methyl phenyl silicone resin/epoxy resin using epoxy-polysiloxane as compatibilizer

Styrene–butadiene rubber was subjected to long-term thermal aging treatment at 80 °C with aging period up to 180 days. The degradation kinetics of the aged sample was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. Multiple heating rate experiments were carried out in nonisothermal conditions and three isoconversional model-free methods (Friedman; Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose; Li and Tang methods) were employed. The results showed that the temperature for 5 % mass loss increased, whereas the maximum mass loss temperature decreased after aging. Activation energies (E _a) derived from the three methods were found to be dependent on conversion degree (α). E _a increased with increasing α in the whole range of conversion for samples aged for 0, 60, and 120 days, while the aged samples displayed higher E _a values. However, samples aged for 180 days showed declining E _a versus α. The changes on the degradation kinetics were associated with the modification on the chemical structure after thermal aging.     

Preparation of hydrophilic/hydrophobic porous materials

A novel porous material was designed and prepared in this work. A hydrophobic open-celled porous polystyrene (PS) was first synthesized via a concentrated emulsion polymerization of water in styrene. Subsequently the porous polystyrene was saturated with an aqueous solution of acrylamide (AM) and an initiator, which was subjected to another polymerization and the resulted polyacrylamide (PAM) penetrated in the cells and intercellular pores of the PS matrix. The PAM would change its volume according to the environmental humidity and thus adjusted the permeation of the material. The morphology, pore size distributions, water absorption, and vapor permeation of the materials were investigated.     

Preparation of the iron carbide-fullerene black nanostructured composite coating on the steel-45 surface

Fullerene black at 1150°C interacts with the surface of iron to form a nanostructured composite coating consisting of orthorhombic iron carbide crystallites of 60–100 nm size and dispersed islands of fullerene black. In the process of formation of the composite coatings both the fullerene black with a particle size of 40–50 nm and the carbon oxide formed in the process were involved. Under the conditions of the process, the content of hydrogen and oxygen in the structure of fullerene black decreased, straightening out curved surfaces occurred, and appeared a system of aromatic conjugation.     

Preparation of thermal-enhanced epoxy resin adhesive with organic PCM for applying wood flooring

Epoxy resins are well-known materials that show beneficial properties, such as high tensile strength and modulus, good adhesive properties, low cost, and ease of processing and environmental advantages. However, epoxy resin adhesive has no characteristic of thermal storage. Latent heat storage is one of the favorable kinds of thermal energy storage methods considered for energy saving and thermal efficiency in various fields, such as solar air conditioning systems and buildings. So we prepared thermal-enhanced epoxy resin adhesive by using PCM. This paper addresses the effects of n-hexadecane and sodium lauryl sulfate on the thermal properties and chemical properties of epoxy resin adhesive and HEAC, using differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. Also, we evaluated the applicability of composite epoxy resin adhesive to wood-based flooring using n-hexadecane, through measurement of bonding strength from universal testing machine analysis.     

Preparation and characterization of PVDF microporous membrane with highly hydrophobic surface

Using the mixture of triethyl phosphate (TEP) and N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent, PVDF microporous membranes with highly hydrophobic surface were prepared by a modified NIPS method with a dual coagulation process. The effects of the exposure time on these membranes before being immersed into the coagulation bath and the composition in the coagulation bath on precipitation rate, membrane morphology, membrane hydrophobicity, membrane mechanical property, and membrane performance were studied. The morphologies and hydrophobicities of PVDF microporous membranes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle (CA) measurement. The precipitation processes were observed by light transmittance measurement. The pore size distribution was determined by liquid permeation technique. PVDF microporous membrane obtained by passing evaporation period of 60 min before being immersed into the water bath showed a high water CA of 122.1°. Using ethanol (EtOH) as coagulation bath, the water CAs of the top surface and bottom surface of the membrane increased to 125.9 and 132.6°, respectively. To further improve PVDF membrane hydrophobicity, a dual coagulation process was used and the mixed solvent (TEP–DMAc) was added into the first coagulation bath for 30 sec. Increase in the TEP–DMAc content led to the change in the morphology type of the membrane, that is, from an asymmetric structure with a dense top surface to a symmetric structure with a skinless top surface, and the pore size distribution widened greatly. By increasing the mass ratio of TEP to DMAc, the denseness of the membrane surface decreased significantly. Adding 60 wt% of TEP–DMAc to the first coagulation bath and the mass ratio of TEP to DMAc was 60:40, the CA reached to a maximum as high as 136.6°, and PVDF microporous membrane showed a high porosity of 80% and an excellent mechanical property of 3.14 MPa tensile strength and 61.79% elongation ratio. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.