关于化学专业研究生实验能力培养的思考

化学学科是实验性学科,实验能力的培养是化学专业研究生教育的重要内容。多数研究生教育单位对于研究生实验能力的培养重视不够,存在着不少问题。本文分析了研究生实验能力培养中存在的问题及原因,并对提高实验能力的途径进行了探讨。     

化工类硕士研究生培养课程体系的优化

研究生培养课程是研究生教育的专业基础,是研究生培养目标和培养规格的具体化,是研究生工作的重要依据。分析了目前部分二本院校化工类研究生课程体系中存在的问题,并就如何构建和优化研究生课程体系提出几点建议。     

讲台与实验台互跨式研究生双语教学模式探索与实践

研究生双语教学是研究生教育国际化进程的必然要求。针对目前研究生双语教学中存在的问题,本文提出了一种新的研究生双语教学模式,即讲台与实验台互跨式研究生双语教学。以生物无机化学研究生双语课程为例,我们探索了讲台与实验台互跨式双语教学的实施方法。实践表明,讲台与实验台互跨式研究生双语教学模式解决了研究生培养中理论与实践相脱节的问题,不但可以全面提高研究生科研素质,而且可以提升教师科研水平。     

培养教育硕士专业学位研究生教学与科研技能的创新实践

为提高教育硕士专业学位研究生的培养质量,切实有效地解决人才培养中存在的实际问题,在内蒙古师范大学进行了“理论学习-实践训练-科学研究”三位一体的课程群教学改革与实践。通过任课教师和指导教师的教研合力,将多样化的有利于研究生教学能力和研究能力提高的实践活动有机地融合到专业学位课程的理论学习过程中,形成了教育硕士专业学位研究生教学和科研技能并重的创新培养模式。     

化学专业研究生职业伦理教育与化学实验室的管理

结合具体实例,分析了当前化学专业研究生进行职业伦理教育的必要性,探讨了研究生职业伦理教育对化学实验室管理的积极作用,阐述了化学实验室管理促进研究生职业伦理教育的主要途径,为化学专业的研究生教育和化学实验室的管理提供了有益参考。     

农林院校化学工程与技术学科研究生创新能力培养的探讨

针对当前农林院校化学工程与技术学科研究生在创新方面存在的问题,根据学科特点,以提高研究生的创新能力为目标,提出:要探索化学工程与技术学科新型研究生招生模式;完善研究生创新课程体系,建立新型培养模式;更新教师的教育观念,创造适宜的教学环境;建立严格健全的考核和评价制度;加强导师队伍建设;建立多方位、多层面的研究生奖助体系;加强国际合作与交流,从而创建化学工程与技术学科研究生创新能力培养的新体系。     

提高化学类研究生创新活力之方法初探

培养研究生创新能力是研究生教育的核心,是当前高等学校共同面临的重要任务之一。针对提高化学类研究生创新活力采取了一系列措施,主要从研究生培养方式、考核机制、创新实践活动和导师队伍等方面进行改革,并获得了预期效果。     

化学类研究生专业英语教育的探讨

由于研究生教育的高度专业化,与大学英语教育不同,研究生专业英语教育难以通过班级授课的方法来完成,而应当通过导师指导下的科研实践来进行。在导师指导下,研究生专业英语教育可按照4个阶段循序渐进地进行:(1)基础词汇与基本工具的学习。(2)阅读文献。(3)仿写论文。(4)进行学术交流。     

基于OKRs思想的研究生科研管理模式——以油水分离网膜相关研究为例

OKRs（objective&key results，目标与关键性成果）是目前较为先进的企业管理模式，它与传统的KPI（key performance indicator）管理模式最大的区别就是重过程、重沟通、重自律。这些特点使得OKRs管理模式非常适用于研究生的科研管理。在目前国内高校研究生招生规模不断扩大的大背景下，利用OKRs提高研究生管理效率，激发研究生自主学习和科研的热情与激情，进而提高研究生教育质量显得尤为重要。构建了基于OKRs思想的全新研究生科研管理模式，并以“油水分离网膜相关研究”为例进行了案例分析，为研究生的科研管理提供了有效的借鉴与参考。     

当你考取研究生以后

新学年已经开始,我们又迎来一批新入校的硕士研究生。步入研究生阶段,意味着新的学习里程即将开始。研究生的学习生活将是怎样的?与大学本科又有什么不同?我想还是应从研究生教育的目的上去寻求答案。我国正处于科学技术和经济建设迅速发展的时期。要实现经济和科学的腾飞,要赶上世界的先进水平,关键在人才。尽快地培养出大批高质量的、不同学科的高级专门人才,就是我们研究生教育的目的。由此出发,我国学位制度的一个特点,是把硕士研     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.