配位化合物Zn(Met)3(NO3)2·H2O(s)(Met=L-α-蛋氨酸)的低温热容及标准摩尔生成焓

利用精密绝热热量仪测定了化合物配合物Zn(Met)₃(NO₃)₂·H₂O (s) (Met=L-α-蛋氨酸)在78-371 K温区的摩尔热容. 通过热容曲线解析, 得到了该配合物的起始脱水温度为T_D=325.10 K. 将该温区的摩尔热容实验值用最小二乘法拟合得到了摩尔热容(C_p)对约化温度(T)的多项式方程, 由此计算得到了配合物的舒平热容值和热力学函数值. 基于设计的热化学循环, 选择100 mL of 2 mol·L^-1 HCl为量热溶剂, 利用等温环境溶解-反应热量计, 得到了298.15 K配合物的标准摩尔生成焓为Δ_fH_m⁰[Zn(Met)₃(NO₃)₂·H₂O(s),s]=-(1472.65±0.76) J·mol^-1.     

新型镧三元配合物La(Glu)(Im)6(ClO4)3·4HClO4·4H2O的合成和热化学性质

合成了新型镧三元配合物La(Glu)(Im)6(ClO4)3·4HClO4·4H2O(Glu, 谷氨酸; Im, 咪唑). 用高精度全自动绝热量热仪测定了该配合物晶体80-390 K温区的热容, 利用实验热容数据, 建立了热容随温度变化的多项式方程; 根据焓、熵与热容的关系, 求出了配合物在80-390 K温区内相对于298.15 K的标准热力学函数(HT-H298.15)和(ST-S298.15). 绝热量热和差示扫描量热(DSC)分析均发现配合物在216和246 K附近存在玻璃态和晶型转变, 其机理可能是配合物中高氯酸根离子重取向运动. 用热重法(TG)检测了配合物的高温热稳定性并提出了可能的热分解机理.     

镥配合物的绝热量热法测试和热力学函数

本文合成了Lu(NO3)3 (C2H5O2N)4·H2O,用红外和元素分析对其进行了表征.用高精度全自动绝热量热仪,测定了该配合物在80～ 382 K温区的热容,利用实验热容数据,根据热容与焓、熵的热力学关系,求出了配合物在85～ 350 K温区内每隔5K相对于298.15K的标准热力学函数[HT-H29815]和[ST-S29815].在80～350 K温度区间内,配合物的热容随温度升高而增大,没有相转移点和热力学吸收峰的出现,该配合物在此温度区间内是稳定存在的.     

配合物Zn(His)SO4·H2O(s)的低温热容和热力学性质

通过精密自动绝热热量计测定了配合物Zn(His)SO4*H2O(s)在78～390K温区的摩尔热容,由热容曲线得到其起始脱水温度328.90K;用最小二乘法拟合得到摩尔热容(Cp,m)对温度(T)的多项式方程,并在此基础上计算了它的各种热力学函数.此外,研究了其在惰性气氛下的热分解过程.     

Sm(Val)Cl3·6H2O低温热容及热化学性质

采用精密绝热量热计测定了稀土氨基酸配合物[Sm(Val)Cl3·6H2O]在80-376 K温区的热容,从实验热容值计算出了热力学函数(HT-H298.15和ST-S398.15).在308 K附近,配合物的热容出现一个大的跳跃.可能是其玻璃化转变所致.对该配合物进行热重测试,得到了其可能的分解机理.     

Sm(Val)Cl3·6H2O低温热容及热化学性质

采用精密绝热量热计测定了稀土氨基酸配合物[Sm(Val)Cl3·6H2O]在80-376 K温区的热容, 从实验热容值计算出了热力学函数(HT-H298.15和ST-S298.15). 在308 K附近, 配合物的热容出现一个大的跳跃, 可能是其玻璃化转变所致. 对该配合物进行热重测试, 得到了其可能的分解机理.     

Nd(Gly)2Cl3·3H2O和Pr(Ala)3Cl3·3H2O的热力学性质

利用精密自动绝热热量计测定了Nd(Gly)₂Cl₃·3H₂O在80-357K和Pr(Ala)₃Cl₃·3H₂O在80-374K温区的热容. 根据两个化合物的热容计算出了相对于参考温度298.15K的热力学函数(H_T?H_298.15)和(S_T?S_298.15). 根据热重(TG)分析结果, 提出了这两个稀土化合物可能的热分解机理. 利用溶解-反应恒温热量计测定相关化合物的溶解焓并设计盖斯热化学循环, 计算出了两个化合物的标准摩尔生成焓.     

配合物Zn(Phe)(NO3)2·H2O(s)的低温热容和标准摩尔生成焓

利用精密自动绝热热量计直接测定了配合物Zn(Phe)(NO3)2·H2O(s) (Phe:苯丙氨酸)在78-370 K温区的摩尔热容. 通过热容曲线的解析得到该配合物的起始脱水温度为, T0=(324.27±0.37) K. 将该温区的摩尔热容实验值用最小二乘法拟合得到摩尔热容(Cp, m)对温度(T)的多项式方程, 并且在此基础上计算出了它的舒平热容值和各种热力学函数值. 依据Hess定律, 通过设计热化学循环, 选择体积为100 mL浓度为2 mol·L-1 的盐酸作为量热溶剂, 利用等温环境溶解-反应热量计分别测定混合物{ZnSO4·7H2O(s)+2NaNO3(s)+L-Phe(s)}和{Zn(Phe)(NO3)2·H2O(s)+Na2SO4(s)}的溶解焓为, ⊿dH0m,1 =(69.42±0.05) kJ·mol-1, ⊿dH0 m,2 =(48.14±0.04) kJ·mol-1, 进而计算出该配合物的标准摩尔生成焓为, ⊿fH0m =-(1363.10±3.52) kJ·mol-1. 另外, 利用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱和折光指数(refractiveindex)的测量结果检验了所设计的热化学循环的可靠性.     

稀土元素异硫氰酸盐水合物,RE(NCS)_3·nH_2O的低温热容和热力学性质的研究——Ⅰ.La(NCS)_3·7H_2O和Ce(NCS)_3·7H_2O

本文用全自动绝热量热计从13到300K测定了两种稀土元素异硫氰酸盐七水合物,La(NCS)_3·7H_2O和Ce(NCS)_3·7H_2O的热容。较详细描述了量热计结构和操作。在实验温区对两种化合物均未观察到明显的热异常现象。根据实验热容数据,用最小二乘拟合方法得到了计算这两种化合物13—300K热容值的多项式方程。13K以下的热容值用Debye和Einstein热容函数进行了估算。计算出了O—300K的标准热力学函数,标准生成Gibbs能也被计算出来。     

2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)呲啶的低温热容及热力学函数

本文用绝热量热计测定了2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶在13—316K温区内的热容。没有发现该化合物在此温区内有相变或热异常现象。用有效频率分布法将实验热容值拟合成平滑曲线并外推至OK,得到13K以下的热容值。将本文数据与前文数据结合,导出了该化合物在0—400K温区内的标准热力学函数。当T=298.15K时,该化合物的C°_P(T),S°(T)—S°(0),[H°(T)—H°(0)]/T和—[G°(T)—H°(0)]/T分别为189.35,244.60,112.45和132.15 J K~(-1) mol~(-1)。     

Thermodynamic properties of hydrated sodium l-threonate Na(C4H7O5)·H2O(s)

Low-temperature heat capacities of the compound Na(C₄H₇O₅)·H₂O(s) have been measured with an automated adiabatic calorimeter. A solid-solid phase transition and dehydration occur at 290-318 K and 367-373 K, respectively. The enthalpy and entropy of the solid-solid transition are Δ_transH_m = (5.75 ± 0.01) kJ mol⁻¹ and Δ_transS_m = (18.47 ± 0.02) J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹. The enthalpy and entropy of the dehydration are Δ_dH_m = (15.35 ± 0.03) kJ mol⁻¹ and Δ_dS_m = (41.35 ± 0.08) J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹. Experimental values of heat capacities for the solids (I and II) and the solid-liquid mixture (III) have been fitted to polynomial equations.     

Calorimetric study and thermal analysis of [Gd4/3Y2/3(Gly)6(H2O)4](ClO4)6·5H2O and [ErY(Gly)6(H2O)4](ClO4)6·5H2O (Gly: glycin)

Two solid-state coordination compounds of rare earth metals with glycin, [Gd_4/3Y_2/3(Gly)₆(H₂O)₄](ClO₄)₆·5H₂O and [ErY(Gly)₆(H₂O)₄](ClO₄)₆·5H₂O were synthesized. The low-temperature heat capacities of the two coordination compounds were measured with an adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 376 K. [Gd_4/3Y_2/3(Gly)₆(H₂O)₄](ClO₄)₆·5H₂O melted at 342.90 K, while [ErY(Gly)₆(H₂O)₄](ClO₄)₆·5H₂O melted at 328.79 K. The molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion for the two coordination compounds were determined to be 18.48 kJ mol⁻¹ and 53.9 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ for [Gd_4/3Y_2/3(Gly)₆(H₂O)₄](ClO₄)₆·5H₂O, 1.82 kJ mol⁻¹ and 5.5 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ for [ErY(Gly)₆(H₂O)₄](ClO₄)₆·5H₂O, respectively. Thermal decompositions of the two coordination compounds were studied through the thermogravimetry (TG). Possible mechanisms of the decompositions are discussed.     

真空辅助法合成Fe_3(PO_4)_2·8H_2O及对LiFePO_4/C结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响(英文)

采用了一种真空辅助沉淀法制备Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O,并以此进一步合成粒径尺寸在400 nm左右LiFePO4颗粒.研究了Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O对于磷酸铁锂的形貌、结构、电化学性能的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,真空辅助制备的Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O具有高纯度,以此制备的LiFePO4具有高结晶度和纯度.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)结果表明,真空辅助制备的Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O具有未完全发育的颗粒,以此制备的LiFePO4均匀无硬团聚.透射电子显微镜(TEM)结果显示真空辅助制备的LiFePO4包覆一层均匀的碳.真空制备的LiFePO4显示了优异的电化学性能,在1C、10C、20C倍率下的容量分别为140、113、100 mAh·g-1.真空制备的LiFePO4的循环伏安曲线显示了小的极化电压和尖锐的氧化峰.充放电平台曲线表明真空对LiFePO4高倍率性能起到重要作用.电化学阻抗谱(EIS)计算结果显示,真空和非真空制备的LiFePO4的锂离子扩散系数分别为1.42×10-13和4.22×10-14cm2·s-1,说明真空辅助能够提高LiFePO4的扩散系数.     

Crystal structure and characterization of Rb2Ca[B4O5(OH)4]2·8H2O

Dirubidium calcium tetraborate octahydrate, Rb₂Ca[B₄O₅(OH)₄]₂·8H₂O, was prepared by reaction of Rb-borate aqueous solution with CaCl₂ and it's structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group P2₁2₁2₁ with unit cell parameters, Z=4, The structure contains alternate layers of [B₄O₅(OH)₄]²⁻ polyanions separated by water molecules and Rb, Ca cations. The isolated [B₄O₅(OH)₄]²⁻ is constructed from two BO₃(OH) tetrahedron groups and two BO₂(OH) triangular groups joined at common oxygen atoms. The two BO₃(OH) tetrahedron groups are further linked by means of an oxygen bridge across the ring. The Ca²⁺ ion displays seven coordination, while the two non-equivalent Rb⁺ ions display nine and seven coordination, respectively. Infrared and Raman (4000-400 cm⁻¹) spectra of Rb₂Ca[B₄O₅(OH)₄]₂·8H₂O were recorded at room temperature and analyzed. Fundamental vibrational modes were identified and band assignments were made. The dehydration of this hydrated mixed borate occurs in one step and leads to an amorphous phase which undergoes a crystallization.     

Thermochemistry of NaRb[B4O5(OH)4]·4H2O

The enthalpies of solution of NaRb[B₄O₅(OH)₄]·4H₂O in approximately 1 mol dm⁻³ aqueous hydrochloric acid and of RbCl in aqueous (hydrochloric acid + boric acid + sodium chloride) were determined. From these results and the enthalpy of solution of H₃BO₃ in approximately 1 mol dm⁻³ HCl(aq) and of sodium chloride in aqueous (hydrochloric acid + boric acid), the standard molar enthalpy of formation of −(5128.02 ± 1.94) kJ mol⁻¹ for NaRb[B₄O₅(OH)₄]·4H₂O was obtained from the standard molar enthalpies of formation of NaCl(s), RbCl(s), H₃BO₃(s) and H₂O(l). The standard molar entropy of formation of NaRb[B₄O₅(OH)₄]·4H₂O was calculated from the Gibbs free energy of formation of NaRb[B₄O₅(OH)₄]·4H₂O computed from a group contribution method.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, infrared and Raman spectra of Sr4Cu3(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)4·3H2O and Ba2Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)3

The two new compounds, Sr₄Cu₃(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)₄·3H₂O (1) and Ba₂Cu₄(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)₃(2), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. They represent previously unknown structure types and are the first compounds synthesized in the systems SrO/BaO-CuO-As₂O₅-H₂O. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction [space group C2/c, a=18.536(4) Å, b=5.179(1) Å, c=24.898(5) Å, β=93.67(3)°, V=2344.0(8) Å³, Z=4 for 1; space group P4₂/n, a=7.775(1) Å, c=13.698(3) Å, V=828.1(2) Å³, Z=2 for 2]. The crystal structure of 1 is related to a group of compounds formed by Cu²⁺-(XO₄)³⁻ layers (X=P⁵⁺, As⁵⁺) linked by M cations (M=alkali, alkaline earth, Pb²⁺, or Ag⁺) and partly by hydrogen bonds. In 1, worth mentioning is the very short hydrogen bond length, D···A=2.477(3) Å. It is one of the examples of extremely short hydrogen bonds, where the donor and acceptor are crystallographically different. Compound 2 represents a layered structure consisting of Cu₂O₈ centrosymmetric dimers crosslinked by As1φ₄ tetrahedra, where φ is O or OH, which are interconnected by Ba, As2 and hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network. The layers are formed by Cu₂O₈ centrosymmetric dimers of CuO₅ edge-sharing polyhedra, crosslinked by As1O₄ tetrahedra. Vibrational spectra (FTIR and Raman) of both compounds are described. The spectroscopic manifestation of the very short hydrogen bond in 1, and ABC-like spectra in 2 were discussed.     

Synthesis and thermochemistry of MgO·3B2O3·3.5H2O

A new magnesium borate MgO·3B₂O₃·3.5H₂O has been synthesized by the method of phase transformation of double salt and characterized by XRD, IR and Raman spectroscopy as well as by TG. The structural formula of this compound was Mg[B₆O₉(OH)₂]·2.5H₂O. The enthalpy of solution of MgO·3B₂O₃·3.5H₂O in approximately 1 mol dm⁻³ HCl was determined. With the incorporation of the standard molar enthalpies of formation of MgO(s), H₃BO₃(s), and H₂O(l), the standard molar enthalpy of formation of −(5595.02±4.85) kJ mol⁻¹ of MgO·3B₂O₃3.5H₂O was obtained. Thermodynamic properties of this compound was also calculated by group contribution method.     

Low-temperature heat-capacity and standard molar enthalpy of formation of copper l-threonate hydrate Cu(C4H6O5)·0.5H2O(s)

The solid copper l-threonate hydrate, Cu(C₄H₆O₅)·0.5H₂O, was synthesized by the reaction of l-threonic acid with copper dihydrocarbonate and characterized by means of chemical and elemental analyses, IR and TG-DTG. Low-temperature heat-capacity of the title compound has been precisely measured with a small sample precise automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 77 to 390 K. An obvious process of the dehydration occurred in the temperature range between 353 and 370 K. The peak temperature of the dehydration of the compound has been observed to be 369.304 ± 0.208 K by means of the heat-capacity measurements. The molar enthalpy, Δ_dH_m, of the dehydration of the resulting compound was of 16.490 ± 0.063 kJ mol⁻¹. The experimental molar heat capacities of the solid from 77 to 353 K and the solid from 370 to 390 K have been, respectively, fitted to tow polynomial equations with the reduced temperatures by least square method. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound, Δ_cU_m, has been determined as being −1616.15 ± 0.72 kJ mol⁻¹ by an RBC-II precision rotating-bomb combustion calorimeter at 298.15 K. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound, , has been calculated to be −1114.76 ± 0.81 kJ mol⁻¹ from the combination of the data of standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound with other auxiliary thermodynamic quantities.     

Synthesis, heat capacity and enthalpy of formation of [Ho2(l-Glu)2(H2O)8](ClO4)4·H2O

A complex of holmium perchlorate coordinated with l-glutamic acid, [Ho₂(l-Glu)₂(H₂O)₈](ClO₄)₄·H₂O, was prepared with a purity of 98.96%. The compound was characterized by chemical, elemental and thermal analysis. Heat capacities of the compound were determined by automated adiabatic calorimetry from 78 to 370 K. The dehydration temperature is 350 K. The dehydration enthalpy and entropy are 16.34 kJ mol⁻¹ and 16.67 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹, respectively. The standard enthalpy of formation is −6474.6 kJ mol⁻¹ from reaction calorimetry at 298.15 K.