新型多孔凝胶电解质的制备及其在准固态柔性基染料敏化太阳电池中的应用

制备了一种新型多孔聚丙烯酸/十六烷基三甲基溴化铵聚吡咯凝胶电解质,并将其应用于柔性基染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC)。通过扫描电镜表征、热重分析测试、电化学性能测试和柔性电池光电性能测试等手段,分析了凝胶电解质对柔性基DSSC的光电性能影响。研究结果表明:随着聚吡咯的引入,提高凝胶电解质导电性以及催化电解质中的I-/I3-离子电对等性能,最终在100mW/cm2[大气质量(AM)1.5]光照条件下,测得基于该准固态凝胶电解质的柔性基DSSC光电转换效率达1.28%。     

Investigation of Gold Quantum Dot Enhanced Organic Thin Film Solar Cells

Gold quantum dots (AuQDs) are employed as photosensitizers in organic thin‐film solar cells (OSCs) to improve their photoelectric conversion properties. Three types of AuQDs with different fluorescence emission wavelengths are used: blue (B‐AuQDs), green (G‐AuQDs), and red (R‐AuQDs). AuQDs are loaded into the poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) thin‐film layer of OSCs. UV–vis spectra, atomic force microscope images, current density–voltage characteristics, and impedance spectra of the fabricated devices are measured for the three aforementioned types of AuQDs. All types of AuQDs improve the photoelectric conversion properties, and the G‐AuQD‐loaded OSCs exhibit the best improvement, exhibiting an efficiency increase of 10% compared with OSCs without the AuQDs. The fluorescence/photosensitization of the AuQDs plays an important role in the enhancement of the OSCs. Finite‐difference time‐domain simulations indicate increased electric field intensity due to a small degree of AuQDs aggregation.     

Insights of Unconventionally Long Exposure Time in Atomic Layer Deposition Al2O3 to Modify SnO2 Photoanode of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Porous SnO2 photoanodes coated by alumina through atomic layer deposition technology are reported. It is found that when the dosing time of precursor is extended over 11 s, the 125% maximum increase of cell emciency is achieved. It is believed that besides the interracial charge recombination being efficiently suppressed by this ultra-thin coating, the increased absorption of dyes and elimination of the high density of monoenergetic surface states on SnO2 might play a positive role in improving the cell efficiency. The reason is that a long exposure time of precursor can guarantee the 100% coverage of Mumina on porous SnO2, which is further explained by a built three-step model. Then we conclude that for a high cell efficiency in porous photoelectrode a long exposure time is indispensable.     

空间太阳电池槽式聚光热电联供系统特性分析

建立了空间太阳电池的热电联供系统在槽式聚光条件下的热电性能模型, 并与实验进行了对比.理论计算与实验结果吻合较好, 最大误差在5.1%以内, 证明了该数学模型的正确性.通过此数学模型, 从聚光镜面的光学效率与焦线宽度、导热胶的导热系数、金属平板光照面的吸收率等内部特性参数及风速、太阳直辐射等外部特性参数出发, 对所设计制造的空间太阳电池槽式聚光热电联供系统进行分析.较为全面而系统地分析了这些参数的改变对其系统的热电效率、总效率及火用效率等性能指标的影响, 其中聚光镜面的光学效率影响最大, 光学效率从0.5增加至0.95, 系统的总效率和火用效率分别增加0.9倍和0.5倍, 其余参数对性能也有较强影响.研究结果为新一轮系统装置的制作提供了优化设计基础.     

Exploratory Insight into the Long-Term Photostability of the Brilliant Cresyl Blue Based Electrolyte Solution of Photogalvanic Cells

Journal of Applied Spectroscopy - Photogalvanic cells have been studied with respect to the photostability of the Brilliant Cresyl Blue (ВСВ) dye sensitizer Fructose reductant...     

菲涅耳聚光系统下砷化镓电池输出特性研究

对理论聚光比为676的菲涅耳聚光系统下单片砷化镓太阳电池及由六片砷化镓电池的串联组件的输出特性进行分析。建立三结砷化镓电池输出特性的单指数数学模型,并与实验进行了对比。理论计算与实验吻合较好,误差在7.6%以内。实验结果表明,在相同理论聚光比下,单片电池系统能流聚光比为390,六片电池组件系统能流聚光比为281;聚光后单片电池的短路电流与峰值功率分别放大322倍与316倍,六片电池组件系统的短路电流与峰值功率分别放大275倍与272倍;电池表面能流密度为0.321MW/m2时电池的输出功率达到最大,电池表面温度高于323K将影响其工作稳定性;聚光系统的透射率每增加0.01系统效率升高约0.227%。全天累积直射辐照度为17.212MJ/m2条件下测得单片电池全天发电量为0.015kW.h,六片电池串联组件的全天发电量为0.076kW.h。     

Performance and Stability of Polymer Solar Cells Based on the Blends of Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) and Indene-C_(60) Bis-Adduct

The performance and morphology stability of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) as the donor and indene-C_(60) bisadduct(ICBA) or methanofullerene[6,6]-phenyl C_(61)-butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM) as the acceptor are compared.Effect of the different donor and acceptor weight ratios on photovoltaic performance of the P3HT:ICBA device is studied.The optimal device achieved power conversion efficiency of 5.51%with J_(sc) of 10.86 mA/cm~2,V_(oc) of 0.83 V,and fill factor(FF) of 61.1%under AM 1.5G(100mW/cm~2)simulated solar illumination.However,the stability measurement shows that cells based on P3HT:ICBA are less stable than those of the device based on P3HT:PCBM.Atomic force microscope results reveal that the morphology of the P3HT:ICBA film changed considerably during the storage periods due to unstable interpenetrating D-A network.This observation can be explained by the fact that there is lack of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the P3HT:ICBA system.However,in the P3HT:PCBM system the molecules in the blend film are firmly held together in the solid state by means of intermolecular hydrogen bonds originating from C-H… Os bonds(where Os comes from the singly-bonded O atom of PCBM),forming a stable three-dimensional network.The measured PL decay lifetimes for P3HT:PCBM and P3HT:ICBA systems are 33.66 ns and 35.34 ns,respectively,indicating that the P3HT:ICBA system has a less efficient exciton separation efficiency than that of P3HT:PCBM,which may result in the interfacial photogenerated charges accumulated on the D:A interface.Such progressive phase segregation between P3HT and ICBA eventually leads to the degradation in performance and deteriorates the stability of the device.We also present an approach to enhance the stability of P3HT:ICBA systems by adding PCBM as the second acceptor.Our results show that by carefully tuning the contents of PCBM as the second acceptor,more stable polymer solar cells can be obtained.     

Enhanced Efficiency of Polymer： Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with the Insertion of Thin TiO2 Layer near the LiF/A1 Electrode

The insertion layer of TiO2 between polymer-fullerene blend and LiF/AI electrode is used to enhance the shortcircuit current Isc and fill factor （FF）. The solar cell based on the blend of poly[2-methoxy-5-（2＇-ethylhexyloxy）- 1,4-phenylenevinylene] （MEH-PPV） and C60 with the modifying layer of TiO2 （about 20nm） shows the open- circuit Voc of about 0.62 V, short circuit current Isc of about 2.35 mA/cm^2, filling factor FF of about 0.284, and the power conversion efficiency （PCE） of about 2.4% under monochromatic light （50Onto） photoexcitation of about 17mW/cm^2. Compared to ceils without the TiO2 layer, the power conversion efficiency increases by about 17.5%. Similar effect is also obtained in cells with the undoped MEH-PPV structure of ITO/PEDOT：PASS/MEH- PPV/（TiO2）LiF/AI. The improved solar cell performance can be attributed to enhanced carrier extraction efficiency at the active layer/electrode interfaces when TiO2 is inserted.     

Optimization of the CdS Buffer Layer in Effective Solar Cells Based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2

The dependence of the microstructure and spectral parameters of thin cadmium sulfide layers on the thickness of these layers and conditions of their chemical deposition from salt solutions has been investigated by methods of absorption spectroscopy and atomic-force microscopy. The chemical composition of the mixture of salt solutions and conditions of deposition of homogeneous buffer layers of definite thickness, the optimum structure, and reproducible composition have been determined on the basis of experimental data. Our investigations have made it possible to fabricate film-type solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ with a conversion efficiency of 10–11%.     

Probing the Microscopic Aspects of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Trifluoroacetate Ionic Liquid and Its Mixture with Water and Methanol: A Photophysical and Theoretical (DFT) Study

Considering the potential of mixed ionic liquid-cosolvent systems in wide range of applications, photophysical and theoretical studies on an industrially important ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoroacetate (BMIMTFA), and also its mixture with water and methanol have been investigated. Two organic dipolar solutes coumarin 153 (C153) and 2-aminonitrofluorene (ANF) have been used as the probe molecule for the present study. Steady-state absorption and emission spectral behavior of C153 has not been significantly influenced by both the cosolvents. However, excitation wavelength dependent measurements with ANF in the BMIMTFA-water and BMIMTFA-methanol show entirely different photophysical response. For BMIMTFA-methanol system the average solvation and rotational time is found to be less than that in BMIMTFA-water system. Quite interestingly, time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements reveal two different solute-solvent coupling constant (C _obs ) even if same mole fraction of water and methanol is used for the mixed solvent systems. Theoretical calculations also reveal stronger intermolecular interaction between IL and methanol than that between IL and water. The present combined photophysical and theoretical calculations seem to suggest different microscopic structural organization in the two binary systems.     

复合阴极缓冲层Alq_3∶CsF对CuPc/C_(60)电池性能的影响

通过Alq_3∶CsF复合阴极缓冲层来优化CuPc/C_(60)有机小分子太阳能电池的性能。当Alq_3∶CsF厚度为5nm,CsF的掺杂比例为4%时,加入复合阴极缓冲层器件较Alq_3阴极缓冲层器件的能量转化效率提高了49%,到达0.76%,并且在室温、大气的条件下,器件的稳定性也得到了保持,与未加阴极缓冲层的器件相比,半衰期提高了6倍,达到9.8h。通过紫外-可见吸收、外量子效率和单载流子传输器件等研究了器件效率改善的主要原因是掺入CsF后,调节界面能级,改善了Alq_3的电子传输特性,提高了器件的短路电流和填充因子。比较分析复合阴极缓冲层器件于空气中放置不同的时间的电流电压曲线,表明Alq_3∶CsF可以保持Alq_3的良好稳定性,可以很好地阻挡氧气与水分的扩散,提高器件的寿命。     

Investigation of the optical properties of In2Se3xTe3(1−x) single crystals

In [1] it was shown that when In₂Te₃ interacts with In₂Se₃ in samples which are mainly indium telluride, substitutional solid solutions having the zinc blende structure are formed in the concentration range 0–40 mol.% In₂Se₃ (0 x 0.4). The solubility of the low temperature hexagonal modification-In₂Se₃ did not exceed 2 mol.%; formation of solid solutions having the medium temperature hexagonal modification of-In₂Se₃ was observed for the interval 0.9 x 0.95. These published data [2, 3] are concerned with electrical properties of the crystals. In this paper the results of an investigation of the optical properties of In₂Se_3xTe_3(1–x) single crystals for temperatures between 300 and 77°K are presented. Crystals suitable for optical measurements were obtained by a modified Bridgman method, which included vibarational mixing. All the samples were n-type. The resistivity varied from 10⁶ to 10⁴ ohm · cm in the course of the transition from-In₂Te₃ to the solid solutions (0 x 0.4).Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 65–68, May, 1972.     

Effect of Melting Times on the Down-Shifting Properties in Ce<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-Doped Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics for a-Si Solar Cells

We synthesize Ce³⁺-doped oxyfluoride glass ceramics (GCs) with different melting times employing the conventional melt-quenching method. We investigate the crystal structure and photoluminescence properties of Ce³⁺-doped GCs in detail in order to evaluate the effect of melting times on the downshifting properties. The photoluminescence properties revealed that the Ce³⁺ doped GCs have an intense emission band in the broad region from 480 to 600 nm under 427 nm excitation. We improve the energy-conversion efficiency of a-Si solar cells by 0.41%, from 5.02% to 5.43%, by incorporating the Ce³⁺-doped GCs with a melting time of 1.5 h. The above results indicate that Ce³⁺-doped GCs can be a promising candidate as downshifting materials for applications in a-Si solar cells.     

Investigation of the Morphology and Structure of Porous Hybrid 3D Scaffolds Based on Polycaprolactone Involving Silicate-Containing Hydroxyapatite

The results of studies into microporous scaffolds based on polycaprolactone, in particular, involving nanoparticles and microparticles of modified (silicon-containing) hydroxyapatite (hybrid scaffolds) are presented. When hydroxyapatite particles are used during the electrospinning of polymer scaffolds, their porosity is found to increase substantially and a structure with nanofibers and microfibers can be created. X-ray phase analysis demonstrates that the characteristic lines of polycaprolactone and hydroxyapatite exist in the 3D hybrid scaffold structure. According to the data of infrared (IR) spectroscopy of the hydroxyapatitepowder precursor, (SiO₄)^4– ions are embedded in its lattice. The results of studies into the surface wettability indicate that the contact angles of wetting with water are smaller for hybrid scaffolds than for pure polycaprolactone scaffolds. Adhesive and proliferative activity tests of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) performed upon hybrid-scaffold cultivation on the surface, as well as histologic investigations, indicate the high biocompatibility of the samples. On the basis of a polymerase chain reaction, it is revealed that the differentiation of MSCs occurs in the osteogenic direction. On account of a porous structure, hybrid scaffolds can be employed to recover bone-tissue defects.     

Investigation on the resonance phenomena of multi-solitons for the （3＋1）-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation

In this paper, we theoretically investigate the four-soliton interaction and their resonance phenomena of the (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev--Petviashvili (KP) equation. We find that the maximum amplitude of the resonantly created soliton can be 16 times that of one of the four equi-amplitude initial interacting solitons. We also find that the maximum amplitude can only be 4 times the initial soliton amplitude when the resonance phenomena does not take place. The case of four solitons with different amplitudes also has been studied analytically. The results indicate that the resonance phenomena still exists in this case. Numerical results confirm the theoretical predictions.     

Assessment by the Fluorescence Imaging Methods of the Antitumor Efficacy and Apoptotic Activity of Biologically Active Additives Containing Resveratrol,Indole-3-Carbinol,and Cordycepin in Human Renal Carcinoma Cells

Optics and Spectroscopy - The efficacy of antitumor efficacy and apoptosis induction in A498 human renal cell carcinoma observed when applying extracts of cruciferous herbal material...     

不同厚度阴极修饰材料LiF对聚对苯乙炔MOPPV-SWNT-PbSe量子点复合材料太阳电池性能的影响

基于碳纳米管的良好导电性、激子传输性能和量子点聚合物复合材料高的光电转换性能,采用原位缩合法制备了聚合物聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)-对苯乙炔-功能化碳纳米管-硒化铅量子点复合材料.通过对复合材料的X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和紫外可见吸收光谱研究,发现聚合物聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)-对苯乙炔,功能化碳纳米管与硒化铅量子点可以有效地复合,且功能化碳纳米管与聚合物聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)-对苯乙炔形成网状结构;硒化铅量子点尺寸为5.75nm,其可均匀地分散在聚合物聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)-对苯乙炔-功能化碳纳米管基体中形成包覆或镶嵌结构,并发生了光诱导电荷转移.通过对复合材料的光电性能研究发现,插入不同厚度阴极修饰材料LiF后其光电性能提高,且当LiF为3nm时,开路电压为0.558 V,短路电流为2.338 mA,填充因子为37.6%,转换效率为0.466%,与不插入修饰材料时相比复合材料光电性能提高了30%.