基于分子间相互作用的纳米尺度分子传递

纳米尺度下的分子传递是以纳米先进材料为导向的材料化学工程学科所面临的关键科学问题之一.借鉴分子热力学的建模研究思路研究分子传递,从分子之间相互作用出发,结合分子模拟技术,有望最终建立理论模型,实现分子传递的定量预测.本文通过几个研究实例初步探索了如何从分子间相互作用出发开展纳米尺度下分子传递的研究,利用分子模拟手段解析纳米尺度下特殊的微结构,并以此为基础进而实现对分子传递行为的调控和预测,指导具有丰富纳米结构的膜材料以及催化材料的设计和应用.     

NEWS

表复杂基体样品分子信息的快速高效获取是在分子层次上探索复杂体系化学本质的重要环节,是生命科学、食品、医药等领域发展的基础。采用常规质谱技术获取复杂基体样品分子信息时,一般需经繁复冗长的样品预处理,分析效率低,限制了相关领域的发展。近年来,东华理工大学江西省质谱科学与仪器重点实验室致力于对能量与电荷(简称能荷)在多相、多维复杂基体样品中传递及分子电离过程研究,提出了帮助理解能荷传递与中性分子电离过程的电子云     

溶液中蛋白质的气液荷电萃取电离质谱研究

利用自主研制的气液荷电萃取电离装置实现了溶液中蛋白组分的荷电萃取电离直接质谱分析.系统考察了所用气体种类、气泡路径长度、溶液电压、气压等条件对溶液中溶菌酶等蛋白荷电萃取电离的影响,以期得到最佳蛋白质信号.在以CO2为萃取气体、气泡路径长度32 cm、溶液电压+2 kV、气压0.05 MPa条件下,溶菌酶在水、纯水稀释200倍尿液、未稀释尿液中的浓度分别为1×10-8 mol/L、1×10-7 mol/L、1×10-5 mol/L时获得谱图信噪比(S/N≥3)类似,信号强度不受样品管内径大小影响,所用尿液最小体积为6 mL,但对珍稀样品可进一步减少用量.与ESI-MS相比,本方法获得更多低价态蛋白质离子,对溶液中的小分子基体、无机盐具有更强的耐受性,且辣根过氧化物酶经气液苛电萃取电离能保留53.9%活度.本方法具有无需复杂样品预处理、无化学试剂污染的特点,有望为分析复杂基质中蛋白质提供一种新方法.     

样品预处理与实时直接分析质谱的联用技术及应用

近年来,与实时直接分析质谱(DART-MS)相结合的样品预处理技术发展迅速,使得对复杂生物、环境、法医学、食品、个体小生物以及单细胞样品中的分析物进行直接分析成为可能.然而固体基质内部分析物检测困难、痕量分析物检测性能不佳已成为限制DART-MS进一步发展的关键问题.针对这些问题,多年来,研究人员在不同领域对样品预处理...     

天线若丹明染料分子内能量与电荷传递的研究

染料三重态在染料激光的应用中起着重要作用，尤其是三重态一Z重态（T－T）吸收常常会造成谐振腔损耗＊．为了减少由基态吸收而造成的话振腔损耗，带有紫外吸收天线分子的三发色团染料已在研究问，2，5·二苯基螨喳（PP0）在紫外区（如308删）有很强的吸收，PPO－rhod．系列染料（见图1）在紫外区的吸收就很强，由PPO到若丹明母体的单线态一单线态（S功能量传递使这类三发色团染料具有较大的荧光量子效率，较小的基态重复吸收耗能卜，司．然而，在610N640nm区域中这些天线若丹明染料的激光输出效率远远小于若丹明Rh630＊，其原因正是…     

电喷雾解吸电离质谱研究基体中直接黑与溶剂的相互作用

采用电喷雾解吸电离质谱法(DESI-MS)研究了基体中酸性染料直接黑与水的相互作用,发现水与直接黑能够形成一系列比较稳定的水合物(M+nH2O,n=0～7),其中稳定性最大的水合物为n=3或4;在相同条件下,直接黑还能够与甲醇形成类似的簇合物(M+nCH3OH,n=0～7),其中最稳定的甲醇化物为n=3.实验表明在无需样品预处理的前提下,DESI-MS能够直接用于表面复杂基体内分子相互作用的研究,为复杂表面中物质的相互作用的深入研究提供了一种新方法.     

双电离源(辉光放电/激光溅射电离)四极杆质谱仪的研制

本研究将辉光电离源与激光溅射电离源巧妙地结合在同一台仪器中,使固体样品在离子源腔体中既能辉光电离,也能激光电离;并且使用同一质量分析器,两种离子源的结果可以相互比对,进而得到更为准确的分析结果.此仪器主要由真空系统、离子源、离子传输系统、四极杆质量分析器及检测与数据采集系统等组成.实验中分别用两种离子源测试了标准样品SRM 1262b,并获得了半定量结果.结果表明,仪器具有定性能力强,分析速度快,检测灵敏度高等优点,对固体样品元素分析的检出限可达μg/g量级.实验表明,激光溅射电离质谱的性能优于辉光放电质谱.     

基体辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱在脱氧核糖核酸分析中的样品制备与纯化方法及进展

样品的制备与纯化是基体辅助激光解吸／电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)能成功用于脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)分析的关键所在。近年来对DNA样品制备与纯化方法的探讨和改进已取得了一些新的进展。本文就此作一简要概述。     

氯甲烷分子在13至17 eV激发能量范围内的电离解离

利用阈值光电子-光离子符合飞行时间质谱研究了氯甲烷分子在13至17eV激发能量范围内的光电离和光解离动力学.在此能量范围内,电离产生的CH3Cl+离子处于A2A1和B2E电子激发态.两电子态均为完全解离态,可生成CH3+和CH2Cl+碎片离子,其中CH3+是最主要的解离产物.拟合CH3+离子的符合飞行时间质谱峰形,可以得到CH3Cl+离子解离过程中释放的平动能分布,结果显示CH3Cl+离子A2A1态解离生成CH+3的过程接近直接解离机理,而B2E态的解离过程则具有统计解离的特征.此外,结合理论计算的势能面信息,我们推测在A2A1态出现的CH2Cl+碎片离子来源于CH3Cl分子自电离产生高振动激发的CH3Cl+(X2E)离子统计解离过程.     

高纯金属的快速分析-强激光溅射电离飞行时间质谱法

随着现代材料行业的发展,高纯金属纯度分析日趋重要。本研究建立了一种基于强激光溅射电离飞行时间质谱（LAI-TOFMS）检测高纯金属纯度新方法。为消除高价离子和多原子离子等干扰峰的影响,在离子源内引入了氦气。通过分析高纯阴极铜的系列标准样品,建立了其中16种痕量元素的固体直接定量分析方法,在4个动态范围内（10-7 – 10-3 μg/g）的线性相关度优于0.97,检出限低至0.1 μg/g。该方法几乎无需样品处理、分析时间短、操作简便、灵敏度高、谱峰干扰小,可用于高纯金属材料纯度及其痕量杂质的快速分析。     

Photo-induced energy and charge transfer dynamics in Y6 dimers

Y6 (BTP-4F) is one of the novel non-fullerene acceptors and its photo-physics significantly affects the efficiency of organic solar cells. Here, the photo-induced energy and charge transfer (CT) dynamics in four typical dimers (Y, C, S1, and S2)-TYPE from Y6 films are revealed by combining electronic structure theory calculations, rate theories, and quantum dynamics simulations. The rate theories show that in ground-state CT processes the Y-TYPE is bipolar with the largest rate among all dimers, and in excitation energy transfer the triplet rates are about 10⁵ smaller than the singlet ones, however, the singlet rates can reach 10¹³s⁻¹, which may lead to the rate theories invalid. The stochastic Schrödinger equation based on the diabatic Hamiltonian is thus adopted to reveal excited-state dynamics. The results show that three of the four dimers are H-aggregate except for S1-TYPE with J-aggregate property. However, these J/H-aggregate properties are excited-state dependent, for instance, the Y-TYPE becomes J-aggregate in the second excited-state. Furthermore, CT states are strongly mixed with the first two excited states, which can dramatically impact the energy transfer. Indeed, the dynamic simulations clarify that the excited-state energy relaxation mediated by CT states can be performed in the first 20 fs, and the CT-state population is even non-negligible in the quasi-stationary distribution.     

Chemical bonding in view of electron charge density and kinetic energy density descriptors

Stalke's dilemma, stating that different chemical interpretations are obtained when one and the same density is interpreted either by means of natural bond orbital (NBO) and subsequent natural resonance theory (NRT) application or by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), is reinvestigated. It is shown that within the framework of QTAIM, the question as to whether for a given molecule two atoms are bonded or not is only meaningful in the context of a well‐defined reference geometry. The localized‐orbital‐locator (LOL) is applied to map out patterns in covalent bonding interaction, and produces results that are consistent for a variety of reference geometries. Furthermore, LOL interpretations are in accord with NBO/NRT, and assist in an interpretation in terms of covalent bonding. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.J Comput Chem, 2009.     

Photoinduced energy transfer and charge transfer on squarylium cyanine dyes

A series of squarylium cyanine dyes (Sqs) were synthesized to explore their applications in functional devices.Preliminary investigation on the mechanism involved in these devices was carried out.Spectroscopic behavior of Sqs with porphyrin (P),8-hydroxyquinolium aluminum (Alq) and ruthenium bipyridyl complex (Ru(bipy)) in solution,in film and on nanocrystalline TiO2 was investigated,respectively.A mechanism including photoinduced energy transfer and charge transfer processes was suggested in the corresponding practical devices.By means of doping,a red organic electroluminescent device (ELD) using Sq-doped Alq as the emission layer (EML) has been developed,and the total light to electricity efficiency of nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode based on using Sq-doped Ru(bipy) as photosensitizer has been improved greatly in the whole visible region,particularly in the red area above 600 nm.     

Theoretical investigation of charge transfer excitation and charge recombination in acenaphthylene–tetracyanoethylene complex

Ab initio calculations were performed to investigate the charge separation and charge recombination processes in the photoinduced electron transfer reaction between tetracyanoethylene and acenaphthylene. The excited states of the charge‐balanced electron donor–acceptor complex and the singlet state of ion pair complex were studied by employing configuration interaction singles method. The equilibrium geometry of electron donor–acceptor complex was obtained by the second‐order Møller–Plesset method, with the interaction energy corrected by the counterpoise method. The theoretical study of ground state and excited states of electron donor–acceptor complex in this work reveals that the S₁ and S₂ states of the electron donor–acceptor complexes are excited charge transfer states, and charge transfer absorptions that corresponds to the S₀ → S₁ and S₀ → S₂ transitions arise from π–π* excitations. The charge recombination in the ion pair complex will produce the charge‐balanced ground state or excited triplet state. According to the generalized Mulliken–Hush model, the electron coupling matrix elements of the charge separation process and the charge recombination process were obtained. Based on the continuum model, charge transfer absorption and charge transfer emission in the polar solvent of 1,2‐dichloroethane were investigated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 94: 23–35, 2003     

密度泛函理论研究2种新型染料分子的分子内电荷转移现象

采用量子化学方法研究了2种新型有机染料分子P1和P4,几何优化和基态性质计算采用B3LYP密度泛函,基组为6-311G(d).由于P1和P4分子中分别存在2个对称的吸电子基团,所以2个染料分子的电子结构存在明显的特点:2个紧邻简并最低空轨道(LowestUnoccupied Molecular Orbital,LUMO)轨道.P1和P4最高占据轨道(Highest Occupied Mo-lecular Orbital,HOMO)到LUMO轨道的跃迁能级差分别为2.79和3.26eV.同时,采用含时密度泛函方法(Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory,TDDFT)研究了2个染料分子的激发态性质.通过电荷差异密度理论方法(Charge Different Density,CDD)直观的展示了分子内电荷转移的现象.对于P1,电荷转移的方向是从苯甲酸基团到2个二氰乙烯基噻吩苯基团;对于P4,电荷是由2个二氰乙烯基联苯基团基团向苯甲酸基转移.     

Continuous medium theory for nonequilibrium solvation: IV. Solvent reorganization energy of electron transfer based on conductor-like screening model

In this work the authors present some evidences of defects in the popular continuous medium theories for nonequilibrium solvation. Particular attention has been paid to the incorrect reversible work approach. After convincing reasoning, the nonequilibrium free energy has been formulated to an expression different from the traditional ones. In a series of recent works by the authors, new formulations and some analytical application models for ultrafast processes were developed. Here, the authors extend the new theory to the cases of discrete bound charge distributions and present the correct form of the nonequilibrium solvation energy in such cases. A numerical solution method is applied to the evaluation of solvent reorganization energy of electron transfer. The test calculation for biphenyl-cyclohexane-naphthalene anion system achieves excellent agreement with the experimental fitting. The central importance presented in this work is the very simple and a consistent form of nonequilibrium free energy for both continuous and discrete charge distributions, based on which the new models can be established.     

Estimating and modeling charge transfer from the SAPT induction energy

Recent studies using quantum mechanics energy decomposition methods, for example, SAPT and ALMO, have revealed that the charge transfer energy may play an important role in short ranged inter‐molecular interactions, and have a different distance dependence comparing with the polarization energy. However, the charge transfer energy component has been ignored in most current polarizable or non‐polarizable force fields. In this work, first, we proposed an empirical decomposition of SAPT induction energy into charge transfer and polarization energy that mimics the regularized SAPT method (ED‐SAPT). This empirical decomposition is free of the divergence issue, hence providing a good reference for force field development. Then, we further extended this concept in the context of AMOEBA polarizable force field, proposed a consistent approach to treat the charge transfer phenomenon. Current results show a promising application of this charge transfer model in future force field development. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.