十氢萘在酸性催化剂上的反应路径及生焦研究

采用小型固定流化床装置（ACE Model C），研究了在反应温度460-540℃下，模型化合物十氢萘在Y分子筛催化剂上的裂化反应路径及生焦机理。结果表明，十氢萘裂化的初始阶段，H+进攻十氢萘上与叔碳原子相连的C-H键和C-C键形成非经典五配位叔正碳离子是其最主要的引发反应；十氢萘裂化产物主要是丙烯、丙烷、异丁烷、异戊烷、甲基环戊烷、甲苯、二甲基苯等；产物的收率在催化剂上由大到小为，非芳烃、单环芳烃、双环芳烃；十氢萘催化生焦的机理是碳正离子机理，随反应温度和分子筛酸量的升高，双分子氢转移以及脱氢缩合能力增强，焦炭产率和转化率也随之升高。     

负载型钼基催化剂上甲烷,乙烷无氧芳构化反应研究

研究了不同载体钼基催化剂上甲烷，乙烷的无氧芳构化反应。在所采用的载体中，ＨＺＳＭ－５具有最佳性能，对甲烷的芳构化反应，Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂表现出较高的活性和芳烃选择性；而Ｍｏ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３或Ｍｏ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂则相对较差。对于乙烷的反应，钼物种的存在更有利于甲烷或乙烯的生成，芳烃选择性相对较低。钼物种较强的断键能力可能是使甲烷Ｃ－Ｈ键活化的原因。     

铁酸镁系列超微粒子催化剂的氧化脱氢反应行为:乙苯和环己烷的氧化脱氢反应

采用四种不同的方法制备了系列铁酸镁超微粒子催化剂，考察了其对乙苯和环已烷的氧化脱氢反应性能，结果表明，（Ｄ）样品具有最佳的乙苯氧化脱氢反应活性：４００℃，Ｏ２／Ｃ６Ｈ５Ｃ２Ｈ５（ｍｏｌ）＝３．０时，乙苯转化率为５０％，苯乙烯选择性为８０％，苯乙烯单收达４０％，催化剂对乙苯氧化脱氢反应的活性随样品的粒径变小而提高；对环已烷氧化脱氢反应则恰好相反，即活性随粒径变小而降低，这种差别归因于反应物分子结构与     

Fe－P－O系催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联

研究了Ｆｅ－Ｐ－Ｏ催化剂对甲烷氧化偶联（ＯＣＭ）的低温催化活性，考察了催化剂组分的优化，最适宜的反应温区，反应过程参数，助催化剂组分，催化剂的晶型结构和活性相以及Ｆ：元素键合状态的ＸＰＳ谱．确定了８％ＬｉＮＯ３－０．８Ｆｅ／Ｐ催化剂在６５０℃，ＣＨ４：Ｏ２：Ａｒ＝２：１：２及ＧＨＳＶ＝３０００ｈ－１条件下，可获得甲烷转化率为１１．９０％和Ｃ２烃选择性为６９．８１％的结果．添加ＬｉＮＯ３为助催成分，可有效改善催化剂表面酸活性中心的分布，防止ＯＣＭ中深度氧化和表面积炭，提高Ｃ２和Ｃ２烃选择性．该催化剂为可变价型，是六方形和料方形两种晶型结构的复合磷酸铁，活性相为斜方形ＦｅＰＯ４物相．     

水热处理对纳米HZSM－5沸石酸性质及其降低汽油烯烃性能的影响

 采用水蒸气和碱性氨水蒸气在500℃下对纳米HZSM－5沸石催化剂进行了水热处理改性，并用XRD，IR，NH3－TPD和XRF对催化剂进行了表征．以降低FCC汽油（≤70℃馏分）烯烃含量为探针反应，考察了不同水热处理介质对催化剂酸性质和催化性能的影响．结果表明，经不同介质水热处理后，纳米HZSM－5沸石中约10％的Al2O3被脱除，总酸量降低，导致积炭失活的强酸中心明显减少；不同水热处理介质对催化剂的总酸量没有明显影响，而对酸中心类型分布的影响较大．水热处理改性使催化剂活性的稳定性明显改善，初始活性降低．同时，水热处理改性降低了催化剂对芳构化反应的催化活性，提高了对异构化反应的催化活性．采用氨水（0．5mol／L）蒸气处理的纳米HZSM－5催化剂其降烯烃催化活性更为稳定．在给定的反应条件下，FCC汽油的烯烃含量（φ）由65．9％降低到约26％，产物中烯烃、芳烃（主要是C7～C9芳烃）和烷烃含量分别保持在25％，19％和55％左右，辛烷值基本不变．     

铁酸镁系列超微粒子催化剂的氧化脱氢反应行为乙苯和环己烷的氧化脱氢反应

采用四种不同的方法制备了系列铁酸铁超微粒子催化剂，考察了其对乙苯和环己烷的氧化脱氢反应性能．结果表明，（Ｄ）样品具有最佳的乙苯氧化脱氢反应活性：４００℃，Ｏ２／Ｃ６Ｈ５Ｃ２Ｈ５（ｍｏｌ）＝３．０时，乙苯转化率为５０％，苯乙烯选择性为８０％，苯乙烯单收达４０％．催化剂对乙苯氧化脱氢反应的活性随样品的粒径变小而提高，对环己烷氧化脱氢反应则恰好相反，即活性随粒径变小而降低．这种差别归因于反应物分子结构与催化剂表面原子配位结构的匹配作用．ＥＳＲ结果对比表明，粒径小的粒子的原子配位结构对称性较低．     

预处理条件对Zn/Al-CLM的丙烷芳构化性能的影响

在脉冲微反装置上考察了不同的预处理条件对Zn/Al-CLM催化剂的丙烷芳构化反应的影响。结果表明，丙烷在Zn/Al-CLM催化剂上具有一定的的反应活性和芳烃选择性，而且芳构化主要转化为苯；载体Al-CLM的焙烧温度、金属锌负载量、活化温度等对Zn/Al-CLM催化剂的丙烷芳构化性能具有重要影响。载体经500℃预焙烧制备的Zn/Al-CLM催化剂具有最好的柱结构保留度，从而表现出最佳的芳构化性能；随着锌含量的增加，Zn/Al-CLM催化剂的酸量增大，从而使丙烷转化率增大，而选择性则是锌含量质量分数为5．8％时具有极大值；400℃活化处理可使Zn与Al-CLM之间具有适中的相互作用，从而使得Zn/Al-CLM具有较高的芳烃收率。     

Ni系列催化剂上甲烷直接氧化制合成气

采用固定床流动反应装置，考察负载型Ｎｉ系列催化剂在甲烷直接氧化制合成气反应上的催化活性．空速为５．０×１０５ｈ－１，ＣＨ４／Ｏ２＝２条件下，不同Ｎｉ含量的催化剂中，１５％Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３活性较好．利用ＴＰＤ和ＸＲＤ技术将催化剂引发温度与催化剂组成进行关联，并在７００℃下考察空速对催化性能的影响．随着空速的增加，ＣＨ４的转化率增加，７．０×１０５ｈ－１时达到最大，与此同时，ＣＯ的选择性一直增加．实验结果说明在非平衡体系中，ＣＯ和Ｈ２是由ＣＨ４直接转化而来，ＣＯ２是ＣＯ深度氧化的产物，在此基础上对催化剂过程的机理作了初步的探讨．     

不同结构的芳烃对加氢裂化催化剂积炭的影响

在高压连续流动微型反应器上采用催速老化技术考察了不同结构的芳烃在加氢裂化催化剂上积炭行为，并用热分析、傅立叶变换红外和物理吸附仪等手段对积炭催化剂的积炭类型、酸强度分布和孔结构的变化进行了研究。结果发现：单环芳烃中，随着取代基的碳链长度、数目及不饱和度的增加，催化剂更容易积炭。稠环芳烃的环数越多，反应生成的总积炭和假石墨型积炭越多。积炭越多的催化剂，比表面积降低越多。积炭主要沉积在催化剂的小孔内或堵塞小孔孔口，有些积炭在催化剂表面形成机械孔。积炭后，催化剂上不同强度的酸数目均较新鲜催化剂降低，尤其是萘和菲，使强酸严重削弱。     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气的研究

考察了镍基和钴基催化剂催化甲烷在自放热条件下部分氧化制合成气。结果表明，在较高的空速条件下，反应一旦引发即可停止供热，仅靠反应自身放出的热量就能维持反应的继续进行：Ｎｉ／Ｌａ２Ｏ３催化剂中的镍负载量大于１０％后，镍负载量对催化活性无明显的影响；ＣＨ４的转化率及Ｈ２和ＣＯ的选择性均随空速和反应温度的增加而提高；对Ｎｉ／ＺｒＯ２和Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２催化剂，反应进行到６－１２ｈ时，ＣＨ４转化经最高；但对Ｎｉ     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.