串列双圆柱同步测压实验结果的相关分析

本文在雷诺数2×104下,同步测量了12个不同间距下串列双圆柱的表面压力分布,积分得到脉动升、阻力的时间历程,并对前、后柱之间的脉动升、阻力以及脉动升阻力和圆柱表面的脉动压力进行了相关分析.在本实验中,串列双圆柱流态切换的临界间距比在3.5～4.0之间,在临界间距前后,相关曲线的形态差别很明显.当串列双圆柱之间的距离小于临界间距时,前后柱之间的影响显著,造成脉动升/阻力和脉动压力之间的相关程度下降.串列双圆柱之间的距离大于临界距离时,前、后柱的脉动升力之间的相位差随间距线性增加.分离点的脉动压力和脉动升力之间以及背压和脉动阻力之间都有较好的相关性,可以用分离点的脉动压力和背压来分别表征脉动升力和脉动阻力.     

串列双锥柱绕流流动特性的大涡模拟研究

利用大涡模拟研究了雷诺数Re = 3900下串列双锥柱在间距比L/D_m = 2 ~ 10下的升阻力特性及三维流动结构. 研究发现: 上游锥柱在后方形成的两个展向不对称回流区, 使其后方压力分布不对称. 上游锥柱发展的上洗、下洗和侧面剪切层作用在下游锥柱的附着点位置不同是上游和下游锥柱时均阻力系数和脉动升力系数变化的主要原因, 串列双锥柱间流动结构随间距比变化可分为三种状态: 剪切层包裹状态, 过渡状态及尾流撞击状态. 剪切层包裹状态. 上游锥柱的自由端主导来流在下游锥柱迎风面影响范围广, 上游锥柱剪切层完全包裹住下游锥柱, 从而抑制下游锥柱后方回流区形成, 导致下游锥柱时均阻力系数降低; 尾流撞击状态; 上游锥柱尾流得到充分发展, 其回流区大小随间距比增大不再发生变化, 上游锥柱尾流出现周期性脱落, 撞击在下游锥柱表面, 从而使脉动升力系数大幅增加, 最大脉动升力系数较单直圆柱提升约20.7倍; 过渡状态, 此时时均阻力系数和脉动升力系数均会较剪切层包裹状态增加. 该研究可以为风力俘能结构群列阵布局提供理论支持.      

构造活动地区工程构造稳定性研究

在０．６１×１０￣５Ｒｅ６．０１×１０￣５，０．９３Ｈ／Ｄ２．５０（Ｈ为波高，Ｄ为圆柱直径）的范围内实验研究了弹性圆柱在浪流联合作用下的流体载荷。通过测量柱表面压力，得到了脉动升力和阻力系数，并给出了Ｍｏｒｉｓｏｎ公式中的Ｃ＿Ｄ，Ｃ＿Ｍ值随Ｋｃ数的变化关系，实验结果表明：在浪流联合作用下的圆柱体，其流体载荷与雷诺数的变化密切相关，并且圆柱的振动对流体载荷也有影响。     

动态裂纹扩展中的分形效应

假设裂纹顶端沿着分形轨迹运动，建立了裂纹扩展的分形弯折（ｋｉｎｋｉｎｇ）模型来描述裂纹的动态扩展。根据这个模型，我们推导了分形裂纹扩展对劝态应力强度和裂纹速度的影响．动态应力强度因子与表观应力强度因子之比Ｋ（ｌ（ｔ），Ｖ）／Ｋ（Ｌ（ｔ），Ｏ）是表观裂纹速度Ｖ＿Ｏ，材料微结构参数（ｄ／Δａ），分维Ｄ和裂纹扩展路径的弯折角θ的函数。本文研究结果表明：在分形裂纹扩展中，表观（或量测）的裂纹速度Ｖ＿Ｏ很难接近Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ波速Ｃ＿ｒ．动态断裂实验中Ｖ＿Ｏ明显低于Ｃ＿ｒ的原因可能是分形裂纹扩展效应所致。材料的微结构，裂纹扩展路径的分维和弯折角均很强地影响动态应力强度因子和裂纹扩展速度。     

Extended self-similar scaling law of multi-scale eddy structure in wall turbulence

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭｕｃｈｗｏｒｋｈａｓｂｅｅｎｄｅｖｏｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｌａｓｔｆｅｗｄｅｃａｄｅｓｔｏｔｈｅｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｓｃａｌｉｎｇｌａｗｏｆｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｕｒｂｕｌｅｎｔｆｌｏｗｓ.Ｔｈｅｓｏ＿ｃａｌｌｅｄ“ｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｒｄｅｒｎ”ｆｏｒｔｕｒｂｕｌｅｎｔｆｌｏｗｓｉｓｄｅｆｉｎｅｄａｓ〈ΔＶ(ｒ) ｎ〉 ,ｗｈｅｒｅΔＶ(ｒ) =Ｖ(ｘ ｒ) -Ｖ(ｘ)ｉｓｔｈｅｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｃｏｍｐ…     

Existence of boundary value problems for TFD equation in quantum mechanics

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｏｓｔｕｄｙｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｓａｎｄｃｈａｒｇｅｄｅｎｓｉｔｉｅｓｏｆａｔｏｍｓｉｎｑｕａｎｔｕｍｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ,ｉｔｉｓｓｕｍｍｅｄｕｐａｓｓｏｌｖｉｎｇＳｃｈｒｄｉｎｇｅｒｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｗａｖｅｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎψ(ｒ):-122 Ｖ(ｒ)ψ(ｒ)=Ｅψ(ｒ),(1)｜ψ(0)｜<Ｍ,｜ψ(ｒ)｜｜ｒ｜→∞=0(2)ａｎｄｔｈｅｃｒｕｘｏｆｔｈｅｍａｔｔｅｒｉｓｇｏｉｎｇｔｏｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅＶ(ｒ).Ｔｈｕｓ,ｔｈｅｋｎｏｗｎＴｈｏｍａｓ＿Ｆｅｒｍｉｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎ,ｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｉ…     

Vibrations of stepped one-way thin rectangular plates subjected to in-plane tensile/compressive force in y-direction on Winkler' s foundation

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＶｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｓｔｅｐｐｅｄｔｈｉｎｒｅｃｔａｎｇｕｌａｒｐｌａｔｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｄｂｙｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｗｏｒｋｅｒｓ.ＥｒｃｏｌｉａｎｄＬａｕｒａａｎａｌｙｚｅｄｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｗｏ＿ｓｔｅｐｔｈｉｎｒｅｃｔａｎｇｕｌａｒｐｌａｔｅｓ[1],ＺｈａｎｇＹｉｎｇｓｈｉｅｔａｌｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｎ＿ｓｔｅｐｏｎｅ＿ｗａｙｔｈｉｎｒｅｃｔａｎｇｕｌａｒｐｌａｔｅｓｏｎＷｉｎｋｌｅｒ’ｓｆｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎ[1],ｏｆｎ…     

平板大攻角绕流升力和阻力系数的计算

二维平板或二维对称薄翼型大攻角绕流升力和阻力系数与攻角之间存在的函数关系一般用数据表格的形式给出。本文根据垂直平板绕流阻力实验数据和对称薄翼型全攻角绕流实验数据,分析得到了平板大攻角绕流总压力及其升力分量和阻力分量系数的近似计算公式。结果表明：平板总压力系数约等于攻角正弦值的2倍;总压力的阻力分量系数约等于攻角正弦值平方的2倍;升力分量系数约为攻角2倍的正弦值。计算结果与两组试验数据具有较好的一致性。     

利用O型环抑制圆柱绕法流涡脱落的数值研究

圆柱绕流涡脱落诱发较大的振动和声,如何有效地抑制值得关注.利用大涡模拟技术求解了Navier-Stokes方程,得到了涡脱落频率,升力脉动幅值及平均阻力系数.计算表明二维模拟不能体现流动基本特征,三维计算与实验吻合较好.为了抑制涡脱落,在直径为D的圆柱表面装入间距为1D,直径为0.0167D的O型环.通过升力、速度谱分析以及柱向横截面流场分析可知,在光滑圆柱外表面加入O型环能诱发流体边界层分离,有效地抑制涡脱落现象,升力脉动和观测点速度脉动幅值几乎完全消失,阻力系数也略微降低,适合在实际工程中采用.     

利用O型环抑制圆柱绕流涡脱落的数值研究

圆柱绕流涡脱落诱发较大的振动和声,如何有效地抑制值得关注。利用大涡模拟技术求解了Navier—Stokes方程,得到了涡脱落频率,升力脉动幅值及平均阻力系数。计算表明二维模拟不能体现流动基本特征．三维计算与实验吻合较好。为了抑制涡脱落,在直径为D的圆柱表面装入间距为1D．直径为0．0167D的O型环。通过升力、速度谱分析以及柱向横截面流场分析可知．在光滑圆柱外表面加入O型环能诱发流体边界层分离,有效地抑制涡脱落现象．升力脉动和观测点速度脉动幅值几乎完全消失,阻力系数也略微降低,适合在实际工程中采用。     

Numerical predictions of low Reynolds number flows over two tandem circular cylinders

Flows over two tandem cylinders were analysed using the newly developed collocated unstructured computational fluid dynamics (CUCFD) code, which is capable of handling complex geometries. A Reynolds number of 100, based on cylinder diameter, was used to ensure that the flow remained laminar. The validity of the code was tested through comparisons with benchmark solutions for flow in a lid‐friven cavity and flow around a single cylinder. For the tandem cylinder flow, also mesh convergence was demonstrated, to within a couple of percent for the RMS lift coefficient. The mean and fluctuating lift and drag coefficients were recorded for centre‐to‐centre cylinder spacings between 2 and 10 diameters. A critical cylinder spacing was found between 3.75 and 4 diameters. The fluctuating forces jumped appreciably at the critical spacing. It was found that there exists only one reattachment and one separation point on the downstream cylinder for spacings greater than the critical spacing. The mean and the fluctuating surface pressure distributions were compared as a function of the cylinder spacing. The mean and the fluctuating pressures were significantly different between the upstream and the downstream cylinders. These pressures also differed with the cylinder spacing. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Passive control of wake flow by two small control cylinders at Reynolds number 80

Passive control of the wake behind a circular cylinder in uniform flow is studied by numerical simulation at Re_D=80. Two small control cylinders are placed symmetrically along the separating shear layers at various stream locations. In the present study, the detailed flow mechanisms that lead to a significant reduction in the fluctuating lift but maintain the shedding vortex street are clearly revealed. When the stream locations lie within 0.8≤X_C/D≤3.0, the alternate shedding vortex street remains behind the control cylinders. In this case, the symmetric standing eddies immediately behind the main cylinder and the downstream delay of the shedding vortex street are the two primary mechanisms that lead to a 70–80% reduction of the fluctuating lift on the main cylinder. Furthermore, the total drag of all the cylinders still has a maximum 5% reduction. This benefit is primarily attributed to the significant reduction of the pressure drag on the main cylinder. Within X_C/D>3.0, the symmetry of the standing eddy breaks down and the staggered vortex street is similar to that behind a single cylinder at the same Reynolds number. In the latter case, the mean pressure drag and the fluctuating lift coefficients on the main cylinder will recover to the values of a single cylinder.     

Investigation of turbulent flow past a yawed wavy cylinder

A large eddy simulation (LES) study was conducted to investigate the three-dimensional characteristics of the turbulent flow past wavy cylinders with yaw angles from 0° to 60° at a subcritical Reynolds number of 3900. The relationships between force coefficients and vortex shedding frequency with yaw angles for both wavy cylinders and circular cylinders were investigated. Experimental measurements were also performed for the validation of the present LES results. Comparing with corresponding yawed circular cylinders at similar Reynolds number, significant differences in wake vortex patterns between wavy cylinder and circular cylinder were observed at small yaw angles. The difference in wake pattern becomes insignificant at large yaw angles. The mean drag coefficient and the Strouhal number obey the independence principle for circular cylinders at yaw angle less than 45°, while the independence principle was found to be unsuitable for yawed wavy cylinders. In general, the mean drag coefficients and the fluctuating lift coefficients of a yawed wavy cylinder are less than those of a corresponding yawed circular cylinder at the same flow condition. However, with the increase of the yaw angle, the advantageous effect of wavy cylinder on force and vibration control becomes insignificant.     

侧柱对串列双柱脉动压力的干扰

研究了串列双圆柱旁加上一个等直径的圆柱，组成一个等边三角形排列的三圆柱的脉动压力分布．着重研究侧柱对串列双圆柱脉动压力分布的影响．研究的结果表明，绕流等边三角形排列的三圆柱，受影响最严重的是后柱．脉动压力分布出现了严重的不对称，外侧的压力脉动极其强烈，内侧的压力脉动较弱，与时均压力分布，很好的对应关系．另外，侧柱对于串列双圆柱是否达到超过临界间距的绕流流态，有很大的影响     

Numerical computation of the flow around two square cylinders arranged side-by-side

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｗａｋｅｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｗｉｔｈｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｃｏｎｆｉｇｕｒａｔｉｏｎｓｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｉｎｇｏｆｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｅｂｌｕｆｆｂｏｄｉｅｓｉｓａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｎｇａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｏｆａｌｏｔｏｆｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ,ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｉｔｓｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｔｏｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ.Ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ,ｔｗｉｎｓｔｒｕｔｓｔｏｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｗｉｎｇｓｉｎｔｈｅｆｉｅｌｄｓｏｆａｅｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃａｌｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ;ｔｗｉｎｃｈｉｍ…     

并列双圆柱流致振动的不对称振动和对称性迟滞研究

对雷诺数Re = 100 间距比s/D = 2.5 和5.0 的并列双圆柱流致振动进行了数值模拟研究, 其中圆柱质量比m = 2.0, 折合流速U_r 在2.0~10.0 之间, 两圆柱仅能做横流向振动. 研究发现, 当间距比s/D = 2.5 时, 在折合流速4.4 < U_r< 4.8区间内, 两圆柱流致振动响应出现不对称振动现象, 在折合流速4.4 < U_r< 4.8 区间内, 两圆柱流致振动响应出现对称性迟滞现象; 而当间距比s/D = 2.5时, 圆柱流致振动响应与单圆柱涡激振动响应相似, 没有出现不对称振动和对称性迟滞现象. 在不对称振动区间内, 两圆柱的升、阻力参数也出现了不相等的情况. 此外, 当两圆柱不对称振动时, 圆柱间隙流稳定地偏斜向其中的一个圆柱; 相应地, 尾涡也出现了宽窄不等的模式. 窄尾流圆柱的振幅和升、阻力均较宽尾流圆柱的大. 通过对比不对称振动现象发生前后的尾涡模式, 对新现象的产生机制进行了阐述.      

小波浪高雷诺数时串列圆柱的波动压力

在２４０×１０５≤Ｒｅ≤５４０×１０５，２９４≤Ｋｃ×７８５，２５４×Ｌ／Ｄ×５０２的范围内实验研究了串列圆柱在规则波中迎浪前进时的波动压力、波动升力与波动阻力．实验模型由ＰＶＣ管加工制成，表面光滑．实验结果表明：在波流中，当Ｋｃ数较小而Ｒｅ数较高时，绕串列圆柱的流动与均匀流中的绕流有相似之处；随着Ｋｃ数和Ｒｅ数的增加，串列圆柱的柱间干扰效应会发生改变     

Numerical simulation of flows around two circular cylinders by mesh‐free least square‐based finite difference methods

In this paper, the mesh‐free least square‐based finite difference (MLSFD) method is applied to numerically study the flow field around two circular cylinders arranged in side‐by‐side and tandem configurations. For each configuration, various geometrical arrangements are considered, in order to reveal the different flow regimes characterized by the gap between the two cylinders. In this work, the flow simulations are carried out in the low Reynolds number range, that is, Re=100 and 200. Instantaneous vorticity contours and streamlines around the two cylinders are used as the visualization aids. Some flow parameters such as Strouhal number, drag and lift coefficients calculated from the solution are provided and quantitatively compared with those provided by other researchers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forced‐convection heat transfer from tandem square cylinders in cross flow at low Reynolds numbers

This paper presents the results of a numerical study on the flow characteristics and heat transfer over two equal square cylinders in a tandem arrangement. Spacing between the cylinders is five widths of the cylinder and the Reynolds number ranges from 1 to 200, Pr=0.71. Both steady and unsteady incompressible laminar flow in the 2D regime are performed with a finite volume code based on the SIMPLEC algorithm and non‐staggered grid. A study of the effects of spatial resolution and blockage on the results is provided. In this study, the instantaneous and mean streamlines, vorticity and isotherm patterns for different Reynolds numbers are presented and discussed. In addition, the global quantities such as pressure and viscous drag coefficients, RMS lift and drag coefficients, recirculation length, Strouhal number and Nusselt number are determined and discussed for various Reynolds numbers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.