Fractional composition of kenaf dioxane lignin

The fractionation of kenaf dioxane lignin according to molecular weights has been carried out. The six fractions obtained differ by their molecular masses and chemical compositions. Semiempirical formulas of all the fractions have been deduced. The relative optical densities have been calculated on the basis of the IR spectra of the fractions.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 641–645, September–October, 1981.     

Phospholipids of kenaf of variety Opytnyi-1847

The total phospholipids of kenaf of variety Opytnyi-1847 and homogeneous fractions of them have been studied. A known law has been confirmed — positions 2 of the main fractions of phospholipids are esterified predominantly with unsaturated fatty acids and in N-aceylated phospholipids the amide-bound acids are more saturated than the O-acyls.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 775–777, November–December, 1980.     

Phosphatase activities of fractions of the venom of Renard's viperVipera ursini renardi

The separation of the venom of Renard's viper by filtration through Sephadex G-75 gel has been performed and phosphatase activities have been determined in the fractions and in the course of separation. The bulk of the activity of the phosphatases investigated was concentrated in the high-molecular-weight fractions I and II. A correlation has been found in the distribution of the DNase and ATP-pyrophosphatase activities with the phosphodiesterase activity in the venom fractions. There is no correlation in the distribution of the RNase and phosphodiesterase activity.Institute of Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 783–786, November–December, 1985.     

Hygrometric Determination of Water Activities and Osmotic and Activity Coefficients of NH4Cl–LiCl–H2O at 25°C

The mixed aqueous electrolyte system of ammonium and lithium chlorides has been studied by the hygrometric method at 25°C. The relative humidities of this system are measured at total molalities from 0.3 to 6 mol-kg^{– 1} for different ionic-strength fractions y of NH₄Cl with y = 0.33, 0.50, and 0.67. The data obtained allow the deduction of new water activities and osmotic coefficients. The experimental results are compared with the predictions of the ECA (extended composed additivity) law proposed in our previous work. The Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson (ZSR), the Robinson–Stokes (RS), Reilly–Wood–Robinson (RWR), the Pitzer, and the Lietzke–Stoughton (LS II) models are also compared with our results. Predictions made using these models are, in general, consistent with our results. From these measurements, new Pitzer mixing ionic parameters are determined and used to predict the solute activity coefficients in the mixture for different ionic-strength fractions.     

Tryptic peptides of rat serum transferrin

Limited hydrolysis has given two peptide fractions bearing iron-binding centers. A partial characterization of them is presented.Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 768–772, November–December, 1983.     

Spectroscopic Investigation of Sublimated Products of Ultradisperse Polytetrafluoroethylene

The structure of fractions isolated by thermal sublimation of ultradisperse polytetrafluoroethylene (UPTFE) powder has been studied by IR spectroscopy. At 50°C–160°C, fractions of highly amorphous fragments are condensed on a cold receiver; the fragments are constructed from branched chains with terminal olefin groups. Fractions isolated at 300°C and higher are close in structure to PTFE and are highly crystalline. It is assumed that sample amorphism is due to the irregular distribution of the fractions of fragments with terminal olefin and lateral fluoromethyl groups in the structures.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by L. N. Ignatieva, A. K. Tsvetnikov, O. N. Gorbenko, T. A. Kaidalova, and V. M. Buznik__________Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 830–836, September–October, 2004.     

Preparation of homogeneous protamines by the fractionation of nucleoprotamine

A new method has been developed for obtaining individual protamines which is based on the chromatographic separation of an ultrasonically treated nucleoprotamine solution. The separation of the nucleoprotamine from the gonads of the Caspian sturgeonAcipenser stellatus on CM-Sephadex G-25 led to the isolation of three fractions. Analysis showed that two fractions contained homogeneous protamine — stellins A and B. The third fraction contained nonprotamines and DNA.Moscow Technological Institute of the Meat and Dairy Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 378–381, May–June, 1985.     

Phospholipids of Gossypium barbadense

Summary From the total phospholipids of the cotton plant of the thin-fibered variety 5904-I(Gossypium barbadense) chromatographically homogeneous fractions of phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylinositols have been isolated. The well-known glycerophospholipid structure of these fractions has been established on the basis of their IR spectra and the products of their acid hydrolysis.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 558–560, September–October, 1974.     

Study of the Stable Nanocrystalline TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Hydrosol and its Fractions

Nanodisperse TiO₂ hydrosol and two of its fractions stabilized by HCl are studied. The anatase nanocrystalline fractions are obtained by the stepped coagulation of the stable sol using dependence of coagulation thresholds on size of nanocrystallites. X-Ray investigation in small and wide angles of scattering has revealed that the anatase nanocrystallites have a shape of 2.5–3 nm thick elongated plates with 8–18 nm lateral sizes. The concentrated hydrosols with the reduced HCl content prepared from the anatase fractions are shown to form an ordered structure. Narrow fractions of TiO₂ nanocrystallites obtained from the stable hydrosols seem to be promising for the preparation of highly ordered structures with a nanometer periodicity.     

Kinetic features of the hydrolysis of the hemicelluloses of sunflower seed husks

A kinetic analysis has been made of the hydrolysis reactions of sunflower seed husks. The presence of six kinetically homogeneous fractions in the hemicellulose complex has been shown. The kinetic characteristics and the amounts of each fraction have been determined.St. Petersburg Academy of Wood Technology. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedeninii, No. 1, pp. 136–141, January–February, 1993.     

Physicochemical Speciation of Americium in Soils from Rocky Flats, Colorado, USA

The objective of the research was to characterize the ²⁴¹Am distribution in six operationally defined chemical and mineralogical phases of soil samples taken from the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (RFETS). Soil samples were subjected to selective sequential fractionation procedures to determine ²⁴¹Am association with the soluble, exchangeable, carbonate, organic, sesquioxide and silicate fractions. The highest percentage of ²⁴¹Am was found to be associated with the sesquioxide (hydrous oxide) fraction (39–47%), with lesser amounts in the soluble (14–17%), exchangeable (4–9%), carbonates (4–17%), organic (3–13%), and silicate (10–21%) soil fractions. Differences between americium and plutonium association with various soil fractions were observed.     

An investigation of the fractional composition of dioxane lignin of the cotton plant by the PMR method

Analysis of the PMR spectra of six fractions of the dioxane lignins of the cotton plant differing considerably in molecular weight has confirmed their chemical nonidentity. It has been established that the low-molecular-weight fractions are less condensed than the high-molecular-weight fractions. It has been found that aliphatic OH groups are approximately evenly distributed between the - and -C atoms of the lignin side chain.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 116–120, January–February, 1980.     

Kinetics of the qualitative and quantitative changes of various protein fractions in the ontogenesis of protoplast and hybrid cultures ofTrichoderma harzianum

The protein composition and the kinetics of the quantitative changes in the various protein fractions during the ontogenesis of protoplast and hybrid cultures ofTrichoderma harzianum have been studied. In the exponential growth phases of both cultures the highest amount of protein was contained in the water-soluble (33.0–33.2%) and salt-soluble (31.0–32.0%) fractions. The protein contents of the water-soluble fractions of the cultures studied were similar to those in meat and clover and were 3.5 times greater than in yeast.Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 41 71 29. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 209–211, March–April, 1998.     

Study of the fractional composition of the dioxane lignin from the cotton plant

Summary 1. The dioxane lignin of ripe cotton-plant stems has been separated into six fractions of different molecular weights which were fairly homogeneous and differed considerably in their molecular weights.2. It follows from the semiempirical formulas that in all the fractions guaiacyl structural units predominated. The chemical nonidentity of the fractions is shown by the different amounts of functional groups in the phenylpropane structural units and by the relative optical densities of the main bands in the IR spectra of the fractions.3. The low-molecular-weight fraction differed markedly from the others by a higher content of carbohydrates bound to the lignin and by a greater degree of oxidation.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 69–74, January–February, 1979.     

Spectral-luminescent analysis of sugar cane juice

A spectral-luminescent analysis has been made of the low-, medium-, and high-molecular mass fractions of sugar cane juice. The presence of pigments was detected in all the fractions. The medium-molecular-mass fraction was distinguished by the most considerable and most diverse composition of the pigments, a substantial contribution to which was made by the products of the alkaline decomposition of sugars. The amounts of pigments in all the fractions of the juice depended on the age of the plant. A pronounced dependence on the age of the plant was characteristic for the medium-molecular-mass fraction.B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, Belorussian Academy of Sciences, Minsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 456–459, May–June, 1993.     

A study of the structure of kenaf lignins by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation

Summary 1. The nitrobenzene oxidation of the natural lignins of kenaf stems and of DLA fractions has been performed. A study of the oxidation products by gas-liquid chromatography has shown that the kenaf lignins are constructed of three types of structural units: p-coumaryl, guaiacyl, and syringyl, with the latter predominating.2. Among the products of the nitrobenzene oxidation of fractions of kenaf dioxane lignin paper chromatography has shown the presence of dihydrodivanillin, which is a representative of structures with a biphenyl bond.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 641–645, September–October, 1978.     

Fractionation and amino acid compositon of proteins of the woody verdure of sea buckthorn

The woody verdure of sea buckthorn is rich in protein substances. Among the soluble proteins, water- and alkali-soluble fractions predominate. The presence of 17 amino acids in the water-soluble proteins has been established. The sum of the essential amino acids amounts to 42.12–49.51%. The water-soluble proteins of the woody verdure of sea buckthorm possess a high biological value.Siberian Technological Institute, Krasnoyarsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 409–412, May–June, 1988.     

Preparation and study of carboxymethylstarch

It has been shown that when a mixture of starch with sodium hydroxide and monochloroacetic acid is irradiated, the carboxymethylstarch (CMS) obtained consists of fractions with high levels of carboxymethyl groups and fractions with a predominant content of carbonyl groups, and when this mixture is subjected to mechanical treatment a far-reaching rearrangement of the structure of the starch takes place with its homogeneous interaction with the reagents to form CMS.Institute of Physical Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Belorussian SSR, Minsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 691–695, November–December, 1984.     

Some data on transuranium element distribution in particle size fractions of Chernobyl soils

Some Chernobyl soils were collected in the north-west direction. The samples have been separated into particle size fractions 1–2; 0.5–1; 0.25–0.5; 0.16–0.25; 0.05–0.16; 0.01–0.05; 0.005–0.01; 0.002–0.005; 0.00005–0.002; and less than 0.00005 mm. The fractions were analyzed on^238,239,240Pu,²⁴¹Am,^242,244Cm content. In contrast to the global plutonium fallout, the peak of plutonium activity falls in the particle size range of 0.01–0.05 or 0.005–0.01 mm in Chernobyl soils. Transplutonium elements are more mobile in the soil. As the distance from Chernobyl increases, the trend of their distribution becomes much similar to the global fallout. It is found that the most mobile part of soil with particles of sizes less than 0.05 mm contains 55–70% of plutonium activity and 30–65% of americium and curium activity.     

Investigation of the protein component of the lipopolysaccharide-protein complex ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis

It has been established by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel that the protein component of the lipopolysaccharide-protein complex ofYersinia pseudotuberculosis consists of two poly-peptides with molecular weights of 42,000–45,000 and 18,000–20,000. These polypeptides have been detected in the cell wall ofY. pseudotuberculosis as the main components. Protein fractions B-2 and B-3, differing with respect to solubility in phenol, were isolated from the LPPC ofY. pseudotuberculosis by extraction with hot 45% phenol. These protein fractions had the same polypeptide composition, which is characteristic for membrane proteins. B-3 included the LPS component and B-2 contained lipid A or fragments of it as impurity. Fractions B-3 and B-2 precipitated with antiserum to the LPPC.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 92–97, January–February, 1980.