Simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in rice using solid-phase extraction and RP-HPLC with photodiode array detection

An analytical method based on an optimized solid-phase extraction procedure and followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation with diode array detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of phenolic acids (gallic, protocatechuic, 4-hydroxy-benzoic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, and cinnamic acids), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), flavonols (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, hyperoside, and rutin), flavones (luteolin and apigenin) and flavanones (naringenin and hesperidin) in rice flour (Oryza sativa L.). Chromatographic separation was carried out on a PerfectSil Target ODS-3 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column at temperature 25°C using a mobile phase, consisting of 0.5% (v/v) acetic acid in water, methanol, and acetonitrile at a flow rate 1 mL min(-1) , under gradient elution conditions. Application of optimum extraction conditions, elaborated on both Lichrolut C(18) and Oasis HLB cartridges, have led to extraction of phenolic acids and flavonoids from rice flour with mean recoveries 84.3-113.0%. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, and sensitivity. Repeatability (n = 5) and inter-day precision (n = 4) revealed relative standard deviation (RSD) <13%. The optimized method was successfully applied to the analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoids in pigmented (red and black rice) and non-pigmented rice (brown rice) samples.     

Changes in the proteome of extracellular vesicles shed by rat liver after subtoxic exposure to acetaminophen

To identify changes in extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by the liver following drug-induced liver injury (DILI), rats were treated with a subtoxic dose (500 mg/kg) of the analgesic drug, acetaminophen (APAP). EVs were collected by liver perfusion of sham and APAP-treated rats. Changes in EVs morphology were examined by transmission electron microscopic analysis of negatively stained vesicles. Results from morphometric analysis of EVs revealed striking differences in their size and distribution. Proteome composition of EVs collected by liver perfusion was determined by mass spectrometry using methods of sample preparation that enabled better detection of both highly hydrophobic proteins and proteins with complex post-translational modifications. The collection of EVs after liver perfusion is an approach that enables the isolation of EVs shed not only by isolated hepatocytes, but also by the entire complement of hepatic cells. EVs derived after DILI had a lower content of alpha-1-macroglobulin, ferritin, and members of cytochrome 450 family. Fibronectin, aminopeptidase N, metalloreductase STEAP4, integrin beta, and members of the annexin family were detected only in APAP-treated samples of EVs. These results show that the present approach can provide valuable insights into the response of the liver following drug-induced liver injury.     

TPD study of NH3 adsorption/desorption on the surface of V/Ti, V/Al based catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of Nox by ammonia 2. TPD test of commercial V/W/Ti, V/Al, Pd/V/Al catalysts

The effect of temperature on the adsorption/desorption of ammonia from the air mixture on the surface of commercial binary V/Al and ternary Pd/V/Al, V(0.65 wt.%) /W(6.73 wt.%) /Ti and V(1.8 wt.%) /W(7.3 wt.%) /Ti de-NO_x catalysts has been investigated by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) method. The ability of the commercial catalysts to adsorb ammonia in the most stable surface species was shown to correlate well with their suppression of the NH₃ oxidation.     

乙酸镍吡啶配合物催化的分子氧氧化反应研究

Ni(OAc)2结合吡啶和叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)实现了苄基C-H与苄基醇类化合物在温和条件下(80～90℃,O21 atm)的选择性催化分子氧氧化反应.研究了过氧化物添加剂,配体,溶剂和温度的影响,得到了优化的反应条件.在苄基C-H的氧化中显示了很高的酮/醇选择性.用ESR法进行了Ni(III)的检测,证实了反应机理.竞争实验说明羰基化合物的生成不是因为醇继续氧化.酮可被解释为过氧化氢中间体受金属催化分解的产物.     

乳腺癌代谢物组模式特征发现方法及HPLC/M S/M S分析

提出一种基于单独最优特征组合和BP神经网络的代谢物组模式特征发现方法,并用其寻找到尿样中与乳腺癌最为相关的4种核苷,组成一组特异性检测参数.经HPLC/MS/MS联用法鉴定,它们是乳清酸核苷、1-甲酰化腺苷、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸及N²-甲酰化鸟苷.将这4种核苷作为输入变量,用BP神经分类网络建立乳腺癌诊断模型.留一法交叉验证和独立验证结果表明,该模型预测准确率达到90%以上.     

Elucidation of the absolute configuration of rhizopine by chiral supercritical fluid chromatography and vibrational circular dichroism

The absolute configuration of rhizopine, an opine‐like natural product present in nitrogen‐fixing nodules of alfalfa infected by rhizobia, is elucidated using a combination of state‐of‐the‐art analytical and semi‐preparative supercritical fluid chromatography and vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy. A synthetic peracetylated racemate was fractionated into its enantiomers and subjected to absolute configuration analysis revealing that natural rhizopine exists as a single enantiomer. The stereochemistry of non‐derivatized natural rhizopine corresponds to (1R,2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)‐4‐amino‐6‐methoxycyclohexane‐1,2,3,5‐tetraol.     

Paternal genetic structure of Kyrgyz ethnic group in China revealed by high-resolution Y-chromosome STRs and SNPs

Kyrgyz ethnic group is one of the nomads in China, with the majority in Xinjiang and a small part of them living in Heilongjiang province. Historically, they have went through five migrations westward due to the wars. The name “Kyrgyz” means 40 tribes, originating from the primary groups of Kyrgyz. However, it is a largely understudied population, especially from the Y chromosome. In this study, we used a previously validated high-resolution Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) and short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) system to study Kyrgyz ethnic group. A total of 314 male samples of Kyrgyz ethnic group were genotyped by 173 Y-SNPs and 27 Y-STRs. After data analysis, the results unveiled that Kyrgyz ethnic group was a population with high percentage of both haplogroup C2a1a3a1d∼-F10091 (91/134) and R1a1a1b2a2-Z2124 (109/134), which has never been reported. This implied that Kyrgyz ethnic group might have gone through bottleneck effects twice, with these two main lineages left. Mismatch analysis indicated that the biggest mismatch number in haplogroup C2a1a3a1d∼-F10091 was 10, while that of haplogroup R1a1a1b2a2-Z2124 was 20. This huge difference reflected the different substructure in two lineages, suggesting that haplogroup C2a1a3a1d∼-F10091 might have the least admixture compared to the other two lineages. After admixture modelling with other datasets, the conclusion could be drawn that Kyrgyz ethnic group had great genetic affinity with Punjabi from Lahore, Pakistan, which supported that Kyrgyz ethnic group in China was close to central Asian.     

Analysis of alendronate in human urine and plasma by magnetic solid-phase extraction and capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection

A simple, rapid and sensitive CE-fluorescence (FL) detection method for the analysis of alendronate (ALEN), a bisphosphonate drug, has been developed. Using a buffer solution of 20 mM sodium phosphate (pH 10.0) and a voltage of 24 kV, separation of ALEN in a 55-cm length (35-cm effective length) capillary was achieved in 5 min. FL detection of ALEN was performed via pre-column derivatization with 2,3-naphthalene dicarbox-yaldehyde (NDA). Linear correlation (r=0.9981, n=6) between FL intensity and analyte concentration was obtained in the range of 7-200 ng/mL ALEN. The developed CE-FL method was applied to the analysis of ALEN in human urine and plasma samples. In order to eliminate the interfering matrix components, SPE using magnetic Fe(3) O(4) @Al(2) O(3) nanoparticles as solid sorbents was employed to clean the biological fluids before CE-FL analysis. The linear ranges of ALEN in urine and plasma were 5-100 ng/mL (r = 0.9982, n = 7) and 5-70 ng/mL (r = 0.9954, n = 7), respectively. The LOD and LOQ in both urine and plasma samples were 1.5 and 5 ng/mL ALEN, respectively. Total analysis time including sample pre-treatment and CE separation was less than 1.5 h.     

Simultaneous liquid-liquid extraction of dibenzyl disulfide, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and 1,2,3-benzotriazole from power transformer oil prior to GC and HPLC determination

2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC), dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS), and 1,2,3-benzotriazole (BTA) are additives that may be found concomitantly in the oil matrix of power transformer. DBPC and DBDS act as antioxidants while, BTA is a corrosion inhibitor that protects copper conductors inside the transformer unit from corrosion. A powerful analytical method is, therefore, required to determine these additives at trace levels in the transformer oil. This work describes a unique single liquid-liquid extraction pretreatment step prior to the determination of the components by gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. The optimum volume ratio used in the pretreatment step was determined as 5:2:5 for mineral oil/n-hexane/acetonitrile, respectively. Relatively, the method is simple and quick with a minimal use of solvents. Analytical results indicate that the method is relatively sensitive, accurate, and precise for each of the three components in fresh and used mineral oil. The calibration curves for the three components demonstrate a significant increase in sensitivities. Detection limits found were, 100 mg L(-1) (0.01% w/v), 0.80 mg L(-1) , and 2.04 mg L(-1) for DBPC, DBDS, and BTA, respectively. The Student's t values determined at 95% confidence level indicate that there is no significant difference between the experimental means obtained by this method and the standard method for each component.     

PP/尼龙66/聚碳酸酯/ABS共混高聚物的SEM样品制作

讨论了PP／尼龙66／聚碳酸酯／ABS共混高聚物的扫描电子显微镜样品制作中存在的问题,通过实验,探讨了出该材料最佳的样品制作条件。     

圆盘固相萃取-GC/MS/SIM法在水体有机氮磷农药测定中的应用研究

通过有机氮磷农药测定的样品前处理技术一圆盘固相萃取、GC／MS的测定技术—选择离子跳变扫描SIM的应用研究，建立了水体中有机氮磷的分析测定方法．其方法检出限达到了ng／L级的水平。     

Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of ω-Bromo Acetophenones in Aqueous Media

Optical active ω-bromophenylethanols are useful building blocks for synthesis of various pharmaceuticals such as α1-, β2-, and β3- adrenergic receptor agonists, which are always obtained though a biotransformative pathway and using boron reagent with rigorous conditions . To our knowledge, the metal-catalysed transfer hydrogenation is seldom applied in this [1] reaction. Recently we have developed a water-soluble chiral Ru-complex and applied successfully in transfer hydrogenation of ω-br…     

Mechanisms of Atmospheric Oxidation of the Alkanes.By Jack G. Calvert et al..

Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008. 992 pp., hardcover $ 295.00.—ISBN 978–0195365818

     

盐酸氯丙嗪在聚L-苏氨酸/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为

以玻碳电极为基底成功制备了聚L-苏氨酸poly(L-Threonine)/多壁碳纳米管(MCNTs)修饰电极(p-L-Thr/ MCNTs/GCE).研究了盐酸氯丙嗪在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.该修饰电极对盐酸氯丙嗪具有明显的电催化氧化作用,并对此电极进行显微表征.本研究将此修饰电极用于流动注射不可逆双安培(FL-IB)体系的构建,即利用盐酸氯丙嗪在p-L-Thr/MCNTs/GCE上的氧化和高锰酸钾(KMnO4)在另一支铂电极上的还原构建了双安培检测体系,成功的建立了在外加电压为0 V条件下流动注射双安培法直接测定盐酸氯丙嗪的方法.在0 V外加电压下,在1 mol/L pH6.8的磷酸盐缓冲溶液的载液中,氧化峰峰电流与盐酸氯丙嗪浓度在2.0×10-6mol/L～4.0×10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,其线性回归方程为i (nA)=9.73×107C-50(r=0.9993,n=6),在4.0×10-5mol/L～10-3 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,其线性回归方程为i (nA)=2.33×107C+4×103 (r=0.9984,n=7),方法检出限为4.0×10-7 mol/L (S/N=3).连续测定1.00×10-4mol/L的盐酸氯丙嗪标准溶液20次,电流值RSD为2.44%,进样频率为90样/h.该方法具有较高的选择性和灵敏度.对盐酸氯丙嗪片中的盐酸氯丙嗪的含量的测定,结果比较满意.     

Preliminary Results on the Crystal and Molecular Structure of Native and Mutant Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase at Neutral pH

The cell dimensions are a=b=131.2, c=198.5 Å, and α= β =90°, γ = 120° for both the wild and the mutant types of aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) crystallized at pH=7.0. The space group is R32. Although the mutant and wild forms of ATCase show large differences in enzyme activity and chemical reactivity, yet they are isomorphous in structure. One asymmetric unit of ATCase contains a catalytic subunit, molecular weight 34,000 daltons, and a regulatory subunit, molecular weight 17,000. There are 310 amino acids in the catalytic subunit and 162 amino acids plus zinc in the regulatory subunit. The whole ATCase is a hexamer and consists of six molecules of catalytic and regulatory subunits. The primary structure study of this enzyme shows that the mutant form has a single substitution of aspartic acid in place of glycine at position 128 in the amino acid sequence of the catalytic chains. In most part of the sequence, the regulatory and catalytic chains of mutant and wild forms of ATCase are in similar conformations. (2Fo-Fc) syntheses displayed with computer graphics using the FRODO program, were applied to the reflection data from both mutant and wild types. A stereoview of certain regions displayed on PS300 graphics shows significant differences between the wild and mutant types of ATCase.     

壳聚糖表面修饰的SiO2负载Ni-B非晶态合金的制备及催化性能

以壳聚糖(CS)对SiO2进行表面修饰, 采用浸渍还原法制备了负载型Ni-B非晶态合金催化剂(Ni-B/CS/SiO2), 并采用XRD、FTIR、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)、BET、XPS、TEM、SAED等表征方法研究了催化剂的非晶性质、原子组成、尺寸分布及粒径大小等. 考察了催化剂对糠醇加氢制四氢糠醇反应的催化性能, 并与没有壳聚糖修饰的Ni-B/SiO2催化剂及Raney Ni催化剂进行了对比. 结果表明, 加入壳聚糖制得的Ni-B/CS/SiO2催化剂的活性组分Ni-B团簇粒径更小, 表面活性组分浓度更高, 催化活性更高.     

ZnAc2·2H2O在空气中的热分解动力学研究

用TG/DTA,DSC和XRD技术研究了固态物质ZnAc2.2H2O在空气中的热分解过程.结果表明,ZnAc2.2H2O在空气中发生两步分解,其失重率与理论计算失重率相符.XRD结果表明,ZnAc2.2H2O分解的最终产物为ZnO.用Friedman法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)法求得分解过程的活化能E,并通过多元线性回归方法给出了可能的机理函数.ZnAc2.2H2O在空气中两步分解的活化能分别为119.82和66.82kJ/mol.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of amino compounds on newly developed cyclofructan-based chiral stationary phases

Direct separation of the enantiomers of amino acid amines, amino alcohols, and diamines was performed on recently developed chiral stationary phases containing isopropyl carbamate-cyclofructan 6 (IP-CF6), (R)-naphthylethylcarbamate cyclofructan 6 (RN-CF6), or dimethylphenylcarbamate cyclofructan 7 (DMP-CF7) as chiral selectors, using n-hexane/alcohol/TFA as mobile phase. The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentrations of the alcoholic and acidic modifiers, and the structures of the analytes on the retention and resolution were investigated. In some cases, separations were carried out at constant mobile phase composition in the temperature range 5-40 °C. Thermodynamic parameters and T(iso) values were calculated from plots of lnk versus 1/T. It was found that the enantioseparations were enthalpy driven. The sequences of elution of the stereoisomers were determined but no general rule could be established.