Topological Entanglement Entropy from the Holographic Partition Function

We study the entropy of chiral 2+01-dimensional topological phases, where there are both gapped bulk excitations and gapless edge modes. We show how the entanglement entropy of both types of excitations can be encoded in a single partition function. This partition function is holographic because it can be expressed entirely in terms of the conformal field theory describing the edge modes. We give a general expression for the holographic partition function, and discuss several examples in depth, including abelian and non-abelian fractional quantum Hall states, and $p+ip$ superconductors. We extend these results to include a point contact allowing tunneling between two points on the edge, which causes thermodynamic entropy associated with the point contact to be lost with decreasing temperature. Such a perturbation effectively breaks the system in two, and we can identify the thermodynamic entropy loss with the loss of the edge entanglement entropy. From these results, we obtain a simple interpretation of the non-integer ‘ground state degeneracy’ which is obtained in 1+1-dimensional quantum impurity problems: its logarithm is a 2+1-dimensional topological entanglement entropy.     

Higher-Order Airy Scaling in Deformed Dyck Paths

We introduce a deformed version of Dyck paths (DDP), where additional to the steps allowed for Dyck paths, ‘jumps’ orthogonal to the preferred direction of the path are permitted. We consider the generating function of DDP, weighted with respect to their half-length, area and number of jumps. This represents the first example of an exactly solvable two-dimensional lattice vesicle model showing a higher-order multicritical point. Applying the generalized method of steepest descents, we see that the associated two-variable scaling function is given by the logarithmic derivative of a generalized (higher-order) Airy integral.     

The Scaling Limit of the KPZ Equation in Space Dimension 3 and Higher

We study in the present article the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) equation

$$\begin{aligned} \partial _t h(t,x)=\nu \Delta h(t,x)+\lambda |\nabla h(t,x)|^2 +\sqrt{D}\, \eta (t,x), \qquad (t,x)\in \mathbb {R}_+\times \mathbb {R}^d \end{aligned}$$

in \(d\ge 3\) dimensions in the perturbative regime, i.e. for \(\lambda >0\) small enough and a smooth, bounded, integrable initial condition \(h_0=h(t=0,\cdot )\). The forcing term \(\eta \) in the right-hand side is a regularized space-time white noise. The exponential of h—its so-called Cole-Hopf transform—is known to satisfy a linear PDE with multiplicative noise. We prove a large-scale diffusive limit for the solution, in particular a time-integrated heat-kernel behavior for the covariance in a parabolic scaling. The proof is based on a rigorous implementation of K. Wilson’s renormalization group scheme. A double cluster/momentum-decoupling expansion allows for perturbative estimates of the bare resolvent of the Cole-Hopf linear PDE in the small-field region where the noise is not too large, following the broad lines of Iagolnitzer and Magnen (Commun Math Phys 162(1):85–121, 1994). Standard large deviation estimates for \(\eta \) make it possible to extend the above estimates to the large-field region. Finally, we show, by resumming all the by-products of the expansion, that the solution h may be written in the large-scale limit (after a suitable Galilei transformation) as a small perturbation of the solution of the underlying linear Edwards–Wilkinson model (\(\lambda =0\)) with renormalized coefficients \(\nu _{eff}=\nu +O(\lambda ^2),D_{eff}=D+O(\lambda ^2)\).

     

Topological Symmetry of the Bosonic String

We exhibit the topological symmetry of the bosonic string in the framework ofthe BRST formalism. To get the Slavnov–Taylor symmetry independent of thediffeomorphism one, we extend the latter by introducing an antiderivation. Thenon the functional space, we establish that the antiderivation, the Slavnov–Taylor,and the extended Ward operators generate a supersymmetric invariance of thebosonic string.     

A Nontrivial Scaling Limit for Multiscale Markov Chains

We consider Markov chains with fast and slow variables and show that in a suitable scaling limit, the dynamics becomes deterministic, yet is far away from the standard mean field approximation. This new limit is an instance of self-induced stochastic resonance which arises due to matching between a rare event timescale on the one hand and the natural timescale separation in the underlying problem on the other. Here it is illustrated on a model of a molecular motor, where it is shown to explain the regularity of the motor gait observed in some experiments.     

Wilson Loops and Topological Phases in Closed String Theory

Using covariant phase space formulations for the natural topological invariants associated with the world-surface in closed string theory, we find that certain Wilson loops defined on the world-surface and that preserve topological invariance, correspond to wave functionals for the vacuum state with zero energy. The differences and similarities with the 2-dimensional QED proposed by Schwinger early are discussed. PACS Numbers : 81T30, 81T45     

Scaling Limit and Critical Exponents for Two-Dimensional Bootstrap Percolation

Consider a cellular automaton with state space {0,1} ² where the initial configuration _0 is chosen according to a Bernoulli product measure, 1s are stable, and 0s become 1s if they are surrounded by at least three neighboring 1s. In this paper we show that the configuration _n at time n converges exponentially fast to a final configuration , and that the limiting measure corresponding to is in the universality class of Bernoulli (independent) percolation. More precisely, assuming the existence of the critical exponents , , and , and of the continuum scaling limit of crossing probabilities for independent site percolation on the close-packed version of ² (i.e. for independent *-percolation on ), we prove that the bootstrapped percolation model has the same scaling limit and critical exponents.This type of bootstrap percolation can be seen as a paradigm for a class of cellular automata whose evolution is given, at each time step, by a monotonic and nonessential enhancement [Aizenman and Grimmett, J. Stat. Phys. 63: 817--835 (1991); Grimmett, Percolation, 2nd Ed. (Springer, Berlin, 1999)     

The Vortex-Wave Equation with a Single Vortex as the Limit of the Euler Equation

In this article we consider the physical justification of the Vortex-Wave equation introduced by Marchioro and Pulvirenti (Mechanics, analysis and geometry: 200 years after Lagrange, North-Holland Delta Ser., Amsterdam, North-Holland, pp. 79–95, 1991), in the case of a single point vortex moving in an ambient vorticity. We consider a sequence of solutions for the Euler equation in the plane corresponding to initial data consisting of an ambient vorticity in L ¹ ∩ L ^∞ and a sequence of concentrated blobs which approach the Dirac distribution. We introduce a notion of a weak solution of the Vortex-Wave equation in terms of velocity (or primitive variables) and then show, for a subsequence of the blobs, the solutions of the Euler equation converge in velocity to a weak solution of the Vortex-Wave equation.     

Tjon Lines and Scaling Limit in Four-Body Systems

The fixed-slope correlation between tetramer and trimer binding energies, observed by Tjon in the context of nuclear physics, is mainly a manifestation of the dominance of the two-nucleon force in the nuclear potential, which makes the four-body scale on the order of the three-body one. In a more general four-boson case, the correlation between tetramer and trimer binding energies has a non-fixed slope, which expresses the dependence on the new scale. The associated scaling function generates a family of Tjon lines. This conclusion relies on a recent study with weakly-bound four identical bosons, within a renormalized zero-range Faddeev-Yakubovsky formalism.     

Anomalous Diffusion Limit Induced on a Kinetic Equation

Using a compactness argument based on the velocity averaging lemma of Golse et al., it is shown that the limiting behavior of a kinetic (linearized BGK) gas model confined between two plates with Maxwell boundary conditions, when the distance between the plates goes to zero, under a suitable anomalous scaling, is diffusive. We do not require the use of central limit theorems as in the method of Börgers et al.     

Deformation Dynamics and the Gauss–Bonnet Topological Term in String Theory

We show that there exists a nontrivial contribution on the Witten covariant phase space when the Gauss–Bonnet topological term is added to the Dirac–Nambu–Goto action describing strings, because the geometry of deformations is modified, and on such space we construct a symplectic structure. Future extensions of the present results are outlined.     

On the Milne Problem and the Hydrodynamic Limit for a Steady Boltzmann Equation Model

For a stationary nonlinear Boltzmann equation in a slab with a particular truncation in the collision operator, the Milne problem for the boundary layer together with a weak type of hydrodynamic behavior in the interior of the slab are studied by nonperturbative methods in the small-mean-free-path limit.     

A Lower Bound on the Partition Function for a Strictly Neutral Charge-Symmetric System

Journal of Statistical Physics - A lower bound on the grand partition function of a classical charge-symmetric system is adapted to the neutral grand canonical ensemble, in which the system is...     

Scaling Laws for the Multidimensional Burgers Equation with Quadratic External Potential

The reordering of the multidimensional exponential quadratic operator in coordinate-momentum space (see X. Wang, C.H. Oh and L.C. Kwek (1998). J. Phys. A.: Math. Gen. 31:4329–4336) is applied to derive an explicit formulation of the solution to the multidimensional heat equation with quadratic external potential and random initial conditions. The solution to the multidimensional Burgers equation with quadratic external potential under Gaussian strongly dependent scenarios is also obtained via the Hopf-Cole transformation. The limiting distributions of scaling solutions to the multidimensional heat and Burgers equations with quadratic external potential are then obtained under such scenarios. AMS Subject Classifications: 60G60, 60G15, 62M15, 60H15     

Additional Symmetries and String Equation of the CKP Hierarchy

Based on the Orlov and Shulman’s M operator, the additional symmetries and the string equation of the CKP hierarchy are established, and then the higher order constraints on L ^l are obtained. In addition, the generating function and some properties are also given. In particular, the additional symmetry flows form a new infinite dimensional algebra , which is a subalgebra of W _1+∞.      

The Motion of Spinning Particles in the Spacetime of a Black Hole with a Cosmic String Topological Defect

The geodesic motion of pseudo-classical spinning particles in the spacetime of a black hole with the topological defect of a cosmic string, is analyzed. The constants of motion are derived in terms of solving the generalized killing equations for spinning space. The bound state orbits in a plane are discussed. Our results are permitted to be regarded as a semiclassical approximation to the quantum Dirac theory which holds to first order in the spin. The existence of the cosmic string factor b distinguishes the case from the one in Schwarzschild spacetime. When one chooses b = 1, our results reduce to the case of the Schwarzschild spacetime.