实用高温超导MCG系统研究

本文研究了一种自建的低成本简易磁屏蔽室及其操控条件,提出了能被高温超导rf SQUID仪器所接受的简易磁屏蔽室,并且运用由该磁屏蔽室和rf SQUID梯度计所构成的组合系统测量了微弱的生物磁信号.研究结果表明,该磁屏蔽室能够有效降低电磁干扰,确保SQUID长时稳定工作,基于该磁屏蔽室的复合MCG测量系统具备捕捉微弱生物磁信号的能力,且所得信号具有可接受的信噪比.这将使得开发一种低造价的实用高温超导MCG测量系统成为现实.     

Development of 1.3GHz high-T-c rf SQUID

A new high-T_c (HT_c) rf SQUID working at around 1.3GHz has been developed to avoid electromagnetic interference such as growing mobile communication jamming. This new system works in a frequency range from 1.23 to 1.42GHz (centred at 1.3GHz), which is not occupied by commercial communication. The sensor used in the 1.3GHz rf SQUID is made of a HT_c coplanar superconducting resonator and a large-area HT_c superconducting film concentrator. We have achieved in the 1.3GHz HT_c rf SQUID system a minimal flux noise of 2.5×10^{-5}Φ_0/\sqrt{Hz} and a magnetic field sensitivity of 38fT/\sqrt{Hz} in white noise range, respectively. The effective area of the concentrator fabricated on a 15×15mm^2 substrate is 1.35mm^2. It is shown that the 1.3GHz rf SQUID system has a high field sensitivity. Design and implementation of 1.3GHz HT_c rf SQUID offers a promising direction of rf SQUID development for higher working frequency ranges.     

Development of 1.3GHz high-T-c rf SQUID

A new high-T_c (HT_c) rf SQUID working at around 1.3GHz has been developed to avoid electromagnetic interference such as growing mobile communication jamming. This new system works in a frequency range from 1.23 to 1.42GHz (centred at 1.3GHz), which is not occupied by commercial communication. The sensor used in the 1.3GHz rf SQUID is made of a HT_c coplanar superconducting resonator and a large-area HT_c superconducting film concentrator. We have achieved in the 1.3GHz HT_c rf SQUID system a minimal flux noise of 2.5×10^{-5}Φ_0/\sqrt{Hz} and a magnetic field sensitivity of 38fT/\sqrt{Hz} in white noise range, respectively. The effective area of the concentrator fabricated on a 15×15mm^2 substrate is 1.35mm^2. It is shown that the 1.3GHz rf SQUID system has a high field sensitivity. Design and implementation of 1.3GHz HT_c rf SQUID offers a promising direction of rf SQUID development for higher working frequency ranges.     

实用高温超导MCG系统研究

本文研究了一种自建的低成本简易磁屏蔽室及其操控条件，提出了能被高温超导rf SQUID仪器所接受的简易磁屏蔽室，并且运用由该磁屏蔽室和rf SQUID梯度计所构成的组合系统测量了微弱的生物磁信号．研究结果表明，该磁屏蔽室能够有效降低电磁干扰，确保SQUID长时稳定工作，基于该磁屏蔽室的复合MCG测量系统具备捕捉微弱生物磁信号的能力，且所得信号具有可接受的信噪比．这将使得开发一种低造价的实用高温超导MCG测量系统成为现实．     

新型的高温超导薄膜梳齿谐振器

本文报导了一种新型结构的高温超导薄膜梳齿谐振器.我们通过改变谐振器梳齿的长度,使谐振器的谐振频率可以从800MHz到1300MHz左右,这正是我们研制的Hi-Tc rf SQUID所需要的两个频段.我们对这种新型谐振器的谐振频率与几何尺寸的关系进行了数值拟合.测试了使用该种新型谐振器的Hi-Tc rf SQUID的噪声.     

虚拟仪器在射频超导量子干涉仪控制电路中的应用

本文简要介绍LabVIEW开发的射频超导量子干涉器(rf SQUID)自动控制系统的虚拟仪器,系统可对超导量子干涉器的工作点进行调整和显示,实现了LabVIEW软件系统与第三方硬件的结合.本文将对系统工作原理、硬件电路组成和软件的设计做简要介绍.     

含有两个约瑟夫森结的射频SQUID的本征磁通噪声

我们研究了双结射频超导量子干涉器件（rf SQUID）的含时特性，给出了总磁通的动力学方程，并分析了在回滞模式和非回滞模式下的本征磁通噪声。结果显示：两个结的临界电流差别越大则越有助于获得小的本征噪声，在这种情况下，双结rf SQUID的本征磁通噪声会比单结rf SQUID的噪声稍大，但不超过一个数量级。     

Simulation of dielectric resonator for a high-To radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device

Nowadays, the high-critical-temperature radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device （high-Tc rf SQUID） is usually coupled to a dielectric resonator that is a standard 10× 10×1 mm^3 SrTiO3 （STO） substrate with a YBa2Cu3O7-δ （YBCO） thin-film flux focuser deposited on it. Recently, we have simulated a dielectric resonator for the high-Tc rf SQUID by using the ANSOFT High Frequency Structure Simulator （ANSOFT HFSS）. We simulate the resonant frequency and the quality factor of our dielectric resonator when it is unloaded or matches a 50-Ω impedance. The simulation results are quite close to the practical measurements. Our study shows that ANSOFT HFSS is quite suitable for simulating the dielectric resonator used for the high-Tc rf SQUID. Therefore, we think the ANSOFT HFSS can be very helpful for investigating the characteristics of dielectric resonators for high-Tc rf SQUIDs.     

Simulation of dielectric resonator for a high-T_c radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device

Nowadays,the high-critical-temperature radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device (high-T c rf SQUID) is usually coupled to a dielectric resonator that is a standard 10 × 10 × 1 mm 3 SrTiO 3 (STO) substrate with a YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) thin-film flux focuser deposited on it.Recently,we have simulated a dielectric resonator for the high-T c rf SQUID by using the ANSOFT High Frequency Structure Simulator (ANSOFT HFSS).We simulate the resonant frequency and the quality factor of our dielectric resonator when it is unloaded or matches a 50-impedance.The simulation results are quite close to the practical measurements.Our study shows that ANSOFT HFSS is quite suitable for simulating the dielectric resonator used for the high-T c rf SQUID.Therefore,we think the ANSOFT HFSS can be very helpful for investigating the characteristics of dielectric resonators for high-T c rf SQUIDs.     

Basic properties of an rf SQUID involving two Josephson junctions connected in series

We have studied the basic characteristics of a radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device (rf SQUID) involving two Josephson junctions connected in series, the case for the widely used grain boundary junction (GBJ) rf SQUID. It is found that the SQUID properties are determined mainly by the weaker junction when the critical current of the weaker junction is much lower than that of the other junction. Otherwise, the effect of the other junction is not negligible. We also find that only when the hysteresis parameter β is less than 1-α, where α is the critical current ratio of the two junctions, will the SQUID operate in the nonhysteretic mode.     

Determination of avocado and mango fruit properties by ultrasonic technique

A nondestructive ultrasonic measurement system was developed for the assessment of some transmission parameters which might have quantitative relations with the maturity, firmness and other quality-related properties of avocado and mango fruits. The system utilizes a set of low-frequency probes arranged to measure the ultrasonic signal transmitted and received over a short distance across the peel. The attenuation of the ultrasonic waves, transmitted through the peel and the attached fruit tissue, changes as a result of the progressive ripening and softening of the fruit during the fruiting season and in the course of storage. The present study quantitatively addressed the linkage between the ultrasonic attenuation and the physiological parameters of the flesh of the fruits. Results were obtained in the time and frequency domain, and the data set was analyzed statistically to identify the relations between the major physiological indices and the ultrasonic parameters. Quantitative relations were developed to describe the linkage between ultrasonic parameters and the maturity, firmness and other quality-related properties in mango and avocado fruits.     

基于Camera Link的高速图像传输模块及时序优化设计

为了解决图像信号源卡与高速图像记录器实际测试过程中出现的误码较多、图像显示效果不佳等问题,给出了系统组成及原理,并在对发送与接收时序及误码出现原因加以细致分析后,提出了时钟相移与降频等方法对发送端的时序进行优化设计。通过实验对比优化前与优化后发送端的波形图以及数据校验结果,证明了优化后的数据传输更加稳定可靠,大大减少了误码的出现,提高了图像数据的准确率与可靠性。因此该优化方法切实有效,并且对其他高速同步数据的发送与接收具有一定的参考价值。     

不同比例有机无机肥配施土壤腐殖质组分的光谱学特征

以16年长期定位试验为基础,探讨不同比例有机无机肥配施对土壤腐殖质特征的影响。通过分离纯化腐殖质中的胡敏酸（HA）和富里酸（FA）组分,并利用元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振研究分析了F1（70%化肥+30%有机肥）、F2（50%有机肥+50%化肥）和F3（100%有机肥）三种施肥方式下的HA和FA含量及结构变化。结果表明,F3对于提升HA和FA含量的效果优于F1和F2处理,说明有机肥的施用量越高,土壤腐殖质组分的含量就越高。元素分析表明,不同配比的有机无机肥对HA和FA各元素含量及原子比影响不同。F2和F3都提高了HA的缩合度,降低了氧化度和极性,其中F3的效果更加明显;有机肥的施用还能促进HA中含氮化合物的形成,并且在F2中的效果最好;有机肥的施用同样提高了FA的缩合度而降低了氧化度和极性并促进了含氮化合物的形成,尤其在F2处理中尤为明显。腐殖质红外光谱分析表明,与F1相比,F2和F3提高了HA中脂肪族化合物、碳水化合物物质的含量,FA的羧基基团、脂肪基团含量也增加,且在F3处理中表现最为显著;F2处理则降低了HA中脂肪烃物质的含量,FA中的碳水化合物则达到最高。13C核磁共振波谱分析显示,在三种处理中,有机肥的施用提高了HA和FA的脂化度而降低其芳化度,其中F2处理中HA官能团变化更加显著,FA在F3处理中则变化更加明显。综上所述,有机肥显著提高了土壤腐殖质组分含量,并且提高了HA和FA的脂化度降低其芳化度,但是不同用量有机肥下HA和FA的形成机制不同。     

相对湿度和氧气浓度对滑动弧放电特性影响研究

本文通过检测背景气体不同含氧量和相对湿度下的放电电流强度和臭氧浓度,分析氧气和水汽对滑动弧放电特性的影响.结果表明,背景中氧气是臭氧的主要发生源,臭氧随氧气浓度的增大而增大.水汽的离解反应与臭氧发生反应存在竞争关系,同时其生成的OH粒子会与臭氧发生反应,因此水汽对臭氧的产生起抑制作用.由于氧气和水的电子结合系数都很高,水与电子还会发生离解结合反应,因此背景气体氧气浓度和水汽含量增大会减少等离子体区域的电子数量,降低放电电流强度.     

Surface chemistry of nanodiamonds

The experimental data available in the literature and the results obtained by the author in research into the structure of nanodiamonds and the physicochemical and chemical properties of their surface are generalized. An account is given of the problems concerning the chemical state and modification of the nanodiamond surface in gaseous and liquid media and the infiuence of modification on the sorption and catalytic properties of nanodiamonds, their compactibility, and sintering. The similarity and difference in the behavior of nanodiamonds and diamond macrocrystals in oxidation processes are discussed. The activation energies of oxidation of nanodiamonds by different reagents are determined in the absence and presence of catalysts.     

Energy loss and plasmon excitation during electron emission in the proximity of a solid surface

We study the interaction with bulk and surface modes of electrons emitted in the proximity of a solid surface. We analyze the modifications in the energy loss, and in bulk and surface plasmon excitations, taking into account the effects due to the sudden creation of the electron and residual atomic hole, and the finite distance to the surface. The process is described using the dielectric function formulation and the specular reflection model. We derive expressions for the electrostatic potential in the medium and in vacuum, which include all the terms due to bulk and surface modes. The effect of each term in the energy loss rate and in the average number of plasmon excitations is discussed. The results illustrate in detail the different spatial dependences of the electron and ion interactions with the bulk and surface perturbations, through the relevant range of distances for studies of electron emission in the proximity of solid surfaces.     

原子—场耦合系统中非局域性和纯度

本文讨论了光场初态和热库对原子——场耦合系统中量子非局域性和线性熵的影响。我们发现如果腔场无损耗且处于真空库，原子——场态会周期性的展现量子非局域性，原子和场的线性熵也会周期性地振荡，其周期和量子非局域性变化的周期相同。如果腔场损耗很弱而且热库的平均光子数很小，量子非局域性会消失，原子和场振荡的振幅逐渐减小。量子非局域性消失的速度取决于初始压缩相干态的幅度、腔的衰减系数和热库的平均光子数N。场越强、平均光子数和衰减系数越大，非局域性减弱的越快。     

非球面元件精密铣磨加工技术研究

通过对Φ42 mm和Φ82 mm口径非球面光学零件精密铣磨成型过程的加工特点和加工误差因素的分析,在工艺中引入刀具与工件变形、刀具半径误差等因素,结合经典Hertz接触理论建立了刀具与工件变形量及刀具半径误差和补偿理论模型,并且应用在精密铣磨成型过程中,通过实验,Φ42 mm口径非球面光学零件经一次精密铣磨成型后元件面形精度PV值为1.91μm,RMS值达到0.288μm;Φ82 mm口径非球面光学零件经一次精密铣磨成型后元件面形精度PV值为1.60μm,RMS值达到0.385μm,完全满足加工精度要求,加工时间节省了50%以上。实验验证了理论分析及误差补偿方法的正确性,实现了精密光学非球面元件的快速精密铣磨成型加工。     

Low-frequency magnetoelectric effect in a Galfenol-PZT planar composite structure

The forward and inverse magnetoelectric (ME) effects are experimentally studied in a two-layer planar structure containing mechanically coupled Galfenol and PZT plates. The process of production of polycrystalline Galfenol plates and their magnetic and magnetostriction characteristics are described. For the forward ME conversion, the dependences of the amplitude of the voltage generated by the structure on the magnitude and orientation of a dc magnetic field and the frequency and amplitude of a modulating magnetic field are measured. For the inverse ME conversion, the dependences of the amplitude of the change in the magnetic induction of the structure on the dc magnetic field and the frequency of an ac electric field applied to the structure are measured. The efficiencies of the forward and inverse ME conversion are estimated for the case of low-frequency field modulation and under conditions of the resonance excitation of bending and longitudinal mechanical vibrations in the structure.     

大学物理演示实验的DIY应用与实践

大学物理演示实验作为大学物理实验的重要组成部分,逐渐被越来越多的高校重视。本文介绍了大学物理演示实验的作用与特点、大学物理演示实验仪器的DIY制作及大学物理演示实验DIY的实践与探索。本文认为大学物理演示实验对于提高学生大学物理成绩、实验操作能力及在对学生的培养中都具有重要的地位与作用。