几种硅-硅链高聚物的合成和性质

采用具有不同取代基的二氯硅烷,在金属钠作用下共缩合的方法,合成了几种硅-硅链共聚物。这些共聚物分子量高,既能溶于一般的有机溶剂,也可在较低的温度下熔融,模压或浇铸成膜,或抽成纤维。在紫外光辐照下,高聚物的薄膜或纤维发生降解或交联反应。     

ORGANOSILANE POLYMERS: OXIDATION—CROSSLINKABLE CYCLOTETRAMETHYLENESILYLENE POLYMER AND COPOLYMERS

Polysilane polymers containing cyclotetramethylenesilylene units were synthesized by sodium coupling of diorganodichlorosilanes in toluene. These polymers are soluble in common solvents, can be formed into a variety of shapes by molding, castihg, coating or potting. They can be crosslinked by irradiation and oxidation at moderate or room temperature.     

SYNTHESIS AND CROSSLINKING OF LIQUID ORGANOSILANE POLYMERS

Liquid organosilane polmers have been synthesized by sodium coupling of diorganodichloro-silanes with diphenylmethylchlorosilane in toluene. These polysilanes can be formed into desiredshape by potting, casting or coating and crosslinked under ultraviolet irradiation in the presenceof multifunctional vi?ylsilanes. The molecular weight distributions, infra-red, ultraviolet andnuclear magnetic resonance spectra for the organosilane polymers have been described.     

膦手性丙炔胺脯氨酸磷酸酯螺旋聚合物的合成与表征

通过添加对映体拆分剂,合成了4种含膦手性的丙炔胺磷酸酯单体[HC帒CC H2NH(PO)R1R2].单体1,R1=OPh,R2=NC4H7COOCH3;单体2,R1=OPh,R2=NC4H7COOCH2CH3;单体3,R1=OPh,R2=NC4H7-COOC(CH3)3;单体4,R1=Ph,R2=NC4H7COOC(CH3)3].1H-NMR和31P-NMR表征可知对映体(单体1)不能被拆分剂拆分,而单体2、单体3、单体4通过拆分剂可以制得单一手性的磷化合物.以(nbd)Rh+[η6-C6H5B--(C6H5)3]为催化剂,以三氯甲烷为溶剂成功得到聚合物分子量范围在0.4×10-4～0.7×10-4,分子量分布在1.26～1.98范围的3种含手性膦侧基的丙炔胺类聚合物.比旋光度([α]D)、圆二色谱(CD)对聚合物的不同侧基及温度对光学活性的影响表明,聚合物具有良好的光学活性且能够形成单一方向的螺旋构象,说明膦手性在构建螺旋聚合物具有重要作用.     

CHEMO-ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL FUNCTIONALIZED AMPHIPHILIC POLYMERS

ABSTRACT

The condensation copolymerization of Dimethyl 5-hydroxyisophthalate (1) with Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) (2a–2d) of varying molecular weights, catalyzed by Novozyme-435 (immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B) in bulk is reported. The structures of the resulting polymers, Poly[(poly(oxyethylene)-oxy-5-hydroxyisophthaloyl] (3a–3c) were characterized by ¹H (1D and 2D) and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopic experiments. Further, these polymers have been derivatized by attaching decanyl and 12-hydroxydodecanyl chains to the phenolic hydroxyl group. The resulting amphiphilic polymeric systems were characterized by detailed spectroscopic analysis. Light Scattering Photometry as well as Gel Per meation Chromatography were used to evaluate the particle size and molecular weights of the polymers. In principle, the method developed is flexible so that it can be used to generate a wide array of functionalized amphiphilic polymers. In the absence of biocatalytic transformation, such structural control would be extremely difficult or currently impossible to obtain.     

网状聚合物冠醚的合成与性能——Ⅲ.乙二醇和一缩二乙二醇双环氧丙基醚与烷基环硫丙基醚的共聚

用乙二醇和一缩二乙二醇双环氧丙基醚与甲基、戊基和芐基环硫丙基醚二元共聚的方法,制备了六个新型的网状硫杂聚合物冠醚。用红外光谱、元素分析、差热分析、扫描电镜和电子探针等实验方法对其结构进行了研究。结果表明,这类聚合物冠醚对钠、钾离子有很强的络合能力,并有良好的相转移催化活性。     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF NEAR INFRARED ABSORBING POLYMERS

A series of near infrared (NIR) absorbing dinuclear ruthenium dicarbonylhydrazine complexes (DCH-Ru),[{Ru(bpy)_2)_2μ-DCH]~(n ) (where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridinc and n = 2, 3 or 4), were prepared. The DCH-Ru complexes areelectrochromic in the NIR region with a high absorption coefficient at 1550-1600 nm typically over 10000 M~(-1)cm~(-1). DCH-Ru complex polymers with good NIR electrochromic properties were also obtained and processed to make a device foroptical attenuation at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The potential of these DCH-Ru polymers for use in a variable opticalattenuator has been demonstrated with an attenuating power at the 1550-nm telecommunication wavelength over 7.0 dB permicron of polymer film thickness. Other classes of NIR active materials are the pentacenediquinones and the correspondingpoly(ether pentacenediquinone)s. These polymers can be electrochemically reduced to the corresponding semiquinone(radical anion) having NIR absorption within a telecom window (e. g., 1310 nm).     

SYNTHESIS OF POLYMERS CONTAINING N-N LINKAGES

The N-N linkage in hydrazine is thermally stable when it is tetrasubstituted and there are electron-withdrawinggroups attached to the nitrogen atoms. Our research on the synthesis of polymers contaning N--N linkages is reviewed. TheN,N-bisimide structure has been introduced in the backbone of polymers as well as a pendant group in poly(aryl ether)s togive very thermoxidatively stable polymers with very high glass transition temperatures. Most of the polymers form tough,flexible films. N-Aminotriazoles also form stable imides by reaction with anhydrides and these N-imidotriazole groups havebeen introduced as pendent groups on poly(aryl ether)s. The polymers are highly fluorescent materials. Three methods for thesynthesis of polymers containing the tetrasubstituted-azine structure will be discussed: (1) oxidative coupling of bisimines;(2) condensation of bishydrazones with diketones; (3) poly(aryl ether azines) from the azine formed from 4-fluorobenzo-phenone by reaction with salts of bisphenols.     

结构明确的梳形支化聚合物的合成与表征

通过活性聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚异戊二烯(PI)负离子与含1,1-二苯基乙烯(DPE)侧基的聚苯乙烯(PSe)的偶联反应合成了结构明确的每个重复单元含一条侧链的梳形支化聚合物,其中,PSe是通过Sc单体的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)和Wittig反应制得的.用IR1、H-NMR、GPC和SLS等测试方法对所得梳形支化聚合物进行了详细表征,讨论了活性负离子链与PSe的DPE基团的配比对接枝率的影响.结果表明,活性负离子链与DPE基团的偶联反应是高效的,可以通过调节活性负离子链与DPE基团的加料比来控制接枝率.另外,还讨论了PSe和活性负离子链的分子量对接枝率的影响.结果表明,在实验范围内当活性负离子链过量时可获得几乎定量的接枝率.     

含冠醚环的席夫碱型液晶高分子的合成与表征

以 4 ,4′ (α ,ω 烷亚甲基二酰氧 )二苯甲醛和二氨基二苯并 14 冠 4为单体 ,采用溶液缩聚方法 ,首次合成了一类新的含冠醚环的席夫碱型液晶高分子 .一种单体采用脂族二酰氯和对羟基苯甲醛反应制备 ,另一种新的单体采用二硝基二苯并 14 冠 4 ,在钯 碳催化剂存在下 ,水合肼还原制备 .通过1H NMR、13 C NMR和分子力学计算方法研究了二氨基二苯并 14 冠 4的两种异构体的空间立体结构 ,发现能从1H NMR谱图上区分它们的立体结构 .它们的立体结构近似属于Cs 和C2 群 .聚合物的分子量不高 ,Mn 在 130 0 0～ 2 4 0 0 0之间 .单体的结构通过元素分析、IR、1H NMR和MS等方法确证 .聚合物的性质采用GPC、DSC、TG和POM等方法进行了研究 .发现所有的聚合物加热到各自的熔融温度 (Tm)以上都能形成液晶态 ,在液晶态可以观察到向列相的丝状织构和纹影织构 .聚合物的玻璃化转变温度 (Tg)、熔融温度和各向同性温度 (Ti)随聚合物分子中柔性间隔基的变化而变化 ,它们有较高的清亮点温度和宽的液晶态温度范围 .WAXD的研究进一步证实了聚合物的液晶性     

含双偶氮生色团的环氧树脂类聚合物的合成与表征

通过重氮偶合反应制备了含氨基取代基的假芪型偶氮小分子,并将其再配制成重氮盐,在极性溶剂中与含苯胺残基的环氧前体聚合物进行重氮偶合反应,制备了3种含双偶氮生色团的环氧树脂基聚合物BP-2A-35-CN、BP-2A-35-NT和BP-2A-35-2NT.利用仪器分析手段对其结构和热性能进行了表征;采用干涉激光辐照的方法,研究了不同取代基团对聚合物的光致表面起伏光栅形成过程的影响.研究结果表明,在相同光照条件下,BP-2A-35-CN和BP-2A-35-NT膜表面可形成正弦波形起伏光栅,但BP-2A-35-2NT膜表面无法形成明显的起伏结构.     

EXPONENTIAL TRAPPING AND CONDUCTION PARAMETERS IN POLYMERS

Abstract Application of nearest-neighbour band theory to the case of charges trapped on polymer chains shows that the trapping states can have an exponential energy distribution. Comparison with existing photoconduction data suggests that Fermi level in polymers is about 1eV below the conduction band, that the mobility activation energy is 0.1eV or less in commercial polymers and that the conduction bands are narrow.     

END GROUP TRANSFORMATION OF POLYMERS PREPARED BY ATRP,SUBSTITUTION TO AZIDES

Polystyrenes, polyacrylates and poly(methyl methacrylate) prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) have predictable molecular weights, low polydispersities and well-defined halogen end groups. The halogen end groups have been substituted by other functionalities such as azides and amines. In order to predict the feasibility and selectivity of nucleophilic substitution reactions, the reactivities of the end groups of the different polymers were studied. First, model studies with benzyl halide (BzX), 1-phenylethyl halide (1-PEX), methyl 2-halopropionate (MXP), ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) and 2-halopropionitrile (2-XPN) were performed. The models compounds were dissolved in DMF and after adding sodium azide (1.1 eq.), the reaction mixtures were stirred at 25°C. The relative magnitude of the rate constants for the reactions with the chlorinated substrates were found to be BzCl > MClP > 1-PECl ≈ 2-ClPN:22 > 6 > 1. Increased substitution at the carbon center decreased the rate of reaction, benzyl chloride reacted 22 times faster than 1-phenylethyl chloride. The brominated substrates reacted very fast. The rate constant of 1-PEBr, determined by competition experiments, was 4.5 times higher than the rate constant of benzyl chloride. Based on these results, the bromine end groups of different polymers were substituted under reaction conditions simular to those used for the model reactions. The end-functionalized polymers were characterized by ¹H-NMR, IR and MALDI-TOFMS.     

聚苯乙烯基偶氮聚合物的合成研究

改进了聚苯乙烯的硝化、还原、重氮化和偶合反应路线 (NRDC) ,使每步反应都得到很高的产率 ,并利用大分子重氮盐 (MDS)分别与苯胺、N 烃基苯胺和酚等三类化合物偶合 ,得到相应的聚苯乙烯基偶氮聚合物 .核磁共振分析结果证明了产物的高偶联率 .通过对大分子重氮盐热稳定性的研究 ,发现偶合反应之后需要一步加热反应以消除残余重氮基团 .还研究了这些聚合物的紫外 可见吸收光谱性质 ,氨 (胺 )基偶氮产物的水溶液表现出了明显的pH敏感性     

含对甲氧基苯氧羰基偶氮苯基团的侧链液晶高分子的合成与表征

报道了新型的含对甲氧基苯氧羰基偶氮苯基团的甲基丙烯酸酯单体与含对甲氧基苯氧羰基苯基团的甲基丙烯酸酯单体的合成及其自由基共聚合．利用１Ｈ ＮＭＲ、ＩＲ、ＵＶ Ｖｉｓ、元素分析、ＧＰＣ、ＴＧ ＤＴＡ、ＰＯＭ及Ｘ 射线衍射等手段对偶氮单体及聚合物的结构与性能进行了表征,证明两种单体的共聚合产物为无规共聚物,而且各聚合物均具有较好的热稳定性．研究结果还表明,偶氮单体与聚合物在升温过程中均显示出向列相液晶织构,且聚合物的液晶相范围随偶氮含量的增加而变宽．     

漆酚铝螯合聚合物的合成研究

本文报道漆酚与无水氯化铝反应合成漆酚铝螯合物的方法,并通过测定反应过程HCl析出量、产物含铝量,并用红外光谱、质谱,研究其结构特征。实验表明,部分螯合的漆酚铝螯合型高聚物涂料,具有优良的物理机械性能和优异的耐热性能。     

共轭聚合物在传感器上的应用

由于其特殊的光学和电子性质,共轭聚合物受到人们的广泛关注.共轭聚合物可以在各种传感器件中用作活性材料,例如:生物传感器;气体、湿度传感器;离子传感器;压力、温度传感器等.本文综述了共轭聚合物在传感器应用方面的一些新的进展.     

简并基态高分子的极化

在基态非简并 (Non degenerategroundstate ,NDGS)的高分子中 ,非简并的两个态的能量差导致了自陷激子 (Self trappedexciton ,STE)和自陷双激子 (Self trappedbiexciton ,STB) .由于自陷双激子的极化率是负的 ,基态非简并的高分子中能产生光致极化反转 (Photoinducedpolarizationreversion ,PPR) .最近 ,合成出具有优良的发光性能的共轭高分子PDPA(双取代聚乙炔 ) ,这是一种具有简并基态的高分子 ,简并态之间没有能量差 ,激发态是孤子 反孤子对 (s - s) ,而不是自陷激子和自陷双激子 .本文将证明这种具有简并基态的高分子也能产生负极化和光致极化反转 .     

含X-型液晶基元的液晶高分子的研究

以4,4′-(烷撑二酰氧)二苯甲酰氯和2,5-二羟基-1,4-苯撑双-(对乙氧基苯甲酸酯)为单体,采用低温缩聚方法,合成了含X-型液晶基元和不同柔性链长度的主链型液晶聚合物。聚合物的液晶行为用DSC、偏光显微镜和X-光衍射进行了表征。对于样品升温消光后又重新出现双折射的异常现象,初步认为是加热过程中分子量提高的结果。     

AQUEOUS TWO PHASE SYSTEMS FROM CYCLODEXTRIN POLYMERS AND HYDROPHOBICALLY MODIFIED ACRYLIC POLYMERS

In this study, a copolymer of N,N-dimethylacrylamide and hydroxyethyl-methacrylate was synthesized and hydrophobically modified with about 2 mole % of adamantyl groups. The mixing of this modified copolymer with water-soluble β-cyclodextrin polymers reveals thickening properties. Inclusion complexes formation between adamantyl groups and β-cyclodextrin cavities are responsible of intermolecular associations. Above a given total polymer concentration a phase separation occurs, giving a gel phase topped by a liquid phase. We have stated the phase diagram by analysis of the two phases in equilibrium. It has been observed that the two polymers are present in both phases and that the gel phase is more concentrated than the other one. This phase behavior is an original complex coacervation phenomenom which is due to the specific attractive interactions of the two different macromolecules: inclusion complexes formed between the two neutral polymers.