Stratification of a gas by an incandescent wire

The propagation of a shock wave in a gas in which there is a wire rendered incandescent by a pulsed electrical discharge enables one to discover the stratified structure in space acquired by the gas as a result of nonuniform heating.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 4, pp. 175–176, July–August, 1984.     

The mechanics of soil cutting by a rotating wire

The cutting of soil by a rotating wire analogous to the tip of a rotary tiller blade while cutting a two-dimensional soil slice over a range of ‘fetch-ratios’ (bite length/depth-ratios) in a quasi-static condition is presented. A theoretical models based on Mohr-Coloumb soil mechanics has been proposed to predict forces on the wire (tip). The model is dependent upon observed passive general shear failure of the soil slice towards the curved free surface of a previous cut and the lateral local shear failure towards the undeformed soil. The predicted forces in a frictional soil and in a pure cohesive medium (artificial clay) agreed well with experimental results.     

Buckling of a stiff thin film on a pre-strained bi-layer substrate

Controlled buckling can impart stretchable mechanics to brittle materials when integrated as thin films on soft, elastomeric substrates. Typical elastomers are permeable to fluids, however, and therefor unable to provide robust barriers to entry of water, for instance, into devices built with the supported thin films. In addition, the mechanical strength of a system dominated by a soft substrate is often unsatisfactory for realistic applications. We show that introduction of a bi-layer substrate yields a robust, high strength system that maintains stretchable characteristics, with a soft layer on top of a relatively stiff layer in the substrate. As a mechanical protection, a soft encapsulation layer can be used on top of the device and the stretchability of the encapsulated system is smaller than that of the system without encapsulation. A simple, analytic model, validated by numerical analysis and FEA, is established for stiff thin films on a bi-layer substrate, and is useful to the design of stretchable systems.     

The dynamic calibration of a hot wire by means of a sound wave

Hot wires of various design, operated by the constant resistance method, were calibrated by means of a plane sound wave of 2500 Hz. This is achieved by locating a small open resonance tube axially in a homogeneous incompressible airflow. Its third harmonic is excitated by superimposing a coaxial, damped, progressive, plane wave on the main airstream. The hot wire to be calibrated is situated in an anti-node of the particle velocity. The amplitude at this station is known from the pressure gradient of the standing wave measured at two small holes in the wall by a probe microphone. This device in turn is calibrated in a specially developed “pistonphone”. Numerical results of the diverse designs are communicated; an absolute accuracy of ±2% is achieved.     

Active damping of a stiff beam-like structure with acceleration feedback

This paper describes a local control scheme using acceleration feedback and a colocated proof-mass actuator for active damping of structures. The closed-loop system is unconditionally stable. The control law is implemented digitally on a stiff beam (f ₁=68 Hz) representative of an optical test bench. The modal damping ratio is improved from below 0.2 percent to above 4 percent.     

Off-center impact of an elastic column by a rigid mass

Based on the Timoshenko beam model the equations of motion are obtained for large deflection of off-center impact of a column by a rigid mass via Hamilton's principle. These are a set of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. The Newmark time integration scheme and differential quadrature method are employed to convert the equations into a set of nonlinear algebraic equations for displacement components. The equations are solved numerically and the effects of weight and velocity of the rigid mass and also off-center distance on deformation of the column are studied.     

Numerical study of heat waves excited by oxidation of a magnesium wire

A mathematical model of ignition of Mg particles and wires is proposed. It is based on the concept of thermal deceleration of the chemical reaction responsible for ignition. It is modeled to the experimental data obtained for the dependence of the radius of a Mg particle on the limiting temperature of the gas. A possibility of propagation of heat waves under heterogeneous oxidation of a Mg wire exposed to an external flow is shown. The existence conditions are written for the travelling wave solution and the self-sustained wave regime is found. It is numerically shown that the ignition wave can be initiated by temperature distributions of stepwise initial data and of Gaussian-shaped form. It is shown that self-sustained waves are stable with respect to small and finite disturbances. Received 25 July 1997 / Accepted 13 July 1998     

Asymmetric vibrations and stability of a rotating annular plate loaded by a torque

The paper investigates transverse vibration of a thin annular plate clamped at its inner edge to a rigid shaft, while its outer edge is clamped to a rigid cylinder. The shaft and the outer edge of the plate are loaded by torques of the same intensity, but of opposite directions. The whole structure rotates at a constant angular speed. The solution has been determined using Galerkin’s method. The obtained results illustrate the impact of the torque, angular speed and inner and outer radia ratio to transverse asymmetric vibration frequency of the plate. Stability of the plate has been examined and critical values of angular speed and torque leading to the loss of stability of the plate have been determined. Some mode shapes have been drawn and the influence of torque and angular speed on nodal lines has been shown.     

Stochastic stability of a viscoelastic column axially loaded by a white noise force

This paper deals with the analysis of stability of a hinged-hinged viscoelastic column subjected to a non-zero mean stochastic axial force. The randomly variable part of this is described by a stationary Gaussian white noise process. The viscosity affects the curvature of the column, for which the classic Euler-Bernoulli's model is adopted. The viscosity is described by the linear Kelvin-Voigt's model. A dynamic stability analysis is performed. Normal modes are introduced in the integro-differential equation of motion so that uncoupled modal equations are retrieved. With reference to the first mode, by using an additional state variable, three Itô’s ODE are obtained, from which the differential equations ruling the response statistical moment evolution are written by means of Itô’s differential rule. The zero solution, that is undeformed straight column, corresponds to zero moments. If the column is perturbed, it is stable when the response moments tend to zero. A necessary and sufficient condition of stability in the moments of order r is that the matrix A_r of the coefficients of the ODE system ruling them has negative real eigenvalues and complex eigenvalues with negative real parts. Because of the linearity of the system the stability of the first two moments is the strongest condition of stability. If the mean axial force μ_P or the white noise intensity wP are increased, there exist critical values μ_Pcr, wPcr for which almost an eigenvalue is positive. The critical mean axial force is found to be inversely proportional to the parameter φ_∞, which measures the amount of viscous deformation. The search for the critical values of wP is made numerically, and several graphs are presented for a representative column.     

钢丝软轴是怎样传递扭矩的

 详细分析了钢丝软轴传递扭矩的原理,结果表明: 包轴的套管的协同工作起着至关重要的作用.     

Buckling of a stiff thin film on a compliant substrate in large deformation

A finite-deformation theory is developed to study the mechanics of thin buckled films on compliant substrates. Perturbation analysis is performed for this highly nonlinear system to obtain the analytical solution. The results agree well with experiments and finite element analysis in wavelength and amplitude. In particular, it is found that the wavelength depends on the strain. Based on the accurate wavelength and amplitude, the membrane and peak strains in thin films, and stretchability and compressibility of the system are also obtained analytically.