Magnetorotational instability in a nonuniform magnetic field

It is shown that the characteristics of the magnetorotational instability noticeably change in the presence of the inhomogeneity of a magnetic field in which rotation occurs. A decrease in the magnetic field with an increase in the distance from the rotation center, which is typical for astrophysical objects, can lead to a significant decrease in the threshold velocity of the object medium rotation, as well as to mitigation of the requirements on a rotation velocity profile that are necessary for the development of instability. Other examples that demonstrate the indicated effects are given.     

Pinch instability of a cylindrical couette flow in a nonuniform axial magnetic field

The paper addresses the linear stability to axisymmetric perturbations of an incompressible nonideal fluid between two rotating coaxial infinitely long cylinders in a nonuniform axial magnetic field. For conducting cylinders, the results for uniform and nonuniform magnetic fields are qualitatively identical. This is also observed for nonconducting cylinders in a magnetic field with a constant direction. Instability appears for nonconducting cylinders in a magnetic field with a varying direction, whose magnitude exceeds a certain critical value. This new instability also exists in the absence of rotation and, hence, is independent of its parameters. In addition, the critical magnetic field is independent of the magnetic Prandtl number, which facilitates experimental observation of the new instability.     

Magnetorotational instability in nonmagnetized plasma

It is shown that the magnetorotational instability (MRI) can be driven in nonmagnetized plasma. In this case, in contrast to the case of strongly magnetized plasma, radial derivative of plasma rotation frequency should be positive for such a driving. The characteristic wave lengths of MRI in nonmagnetized plasma are of the same order of magnitude as those for the Weibel instability.     

Nonlinear surface magnetic polaritons in a nonuniform magnetic field

High-frequency surface magnetic polaritons of finite amplitude propagating along the interface between a ferrite and a nonlinear insulator in a weakly nonuniform, shaft-shaped external magnetic field are investigated theoretically. The analysis is based on employment of the variational method together with bilinear relations having the form of Lorentz’s lemma. It is shown that the wave dispersion and the transverse profile of a wave along the field nonuniformity depend significantly on the amplitude of the wave. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 68, 92–95 (September 1998)     

Efficiency enhancement in gyroklystrons with a nonuniform static magnetic field

The main equations needed to calculate the efficiency of a gyroklystron in the one-velocity approximation and in the presence of a spread in electron velocities are given. The influence of the longitudinal structure of the static magnetic field on the efficiency of a two-cavity gyroklystron is investigated. The characteristics of a physical model of a gyroklystron for the 3-cm wavelength range are given for different longitudinal magnetic field distributions in the interaction space. The calculated and experimental data are in good agreement.Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, No. 10, pp. 1321–1334, October, 1994.     

Nonlinear cyclotron resonant wave-particle interaction in a nonuniform magnetic field

Quasilinear analysis of wave-particle interactions is presented for plasma flowing in a weakly nonuniform magnetic field configuration. The method presented is based on a scale separation between the length scales of quasilinear relaxation and the magnetic field inhomogeneity, allowing one to obtain large scale solutions for both particle distribution functions and wave spectra, without going into the details of the small scale quasilinear relaxation. The numerical example shows the existence of a secondary instability for an initially stable particle distribution function.     

Recuperation in superpower Cherenkov generators with a nonuniform magnetic field

We consider an effective method for increasing the total efficiency of relativistic Cherenkov generators, viz., recuperation. It has been found that, for a generator with an efficiency smaller than 15%, recuperation makes it possible to obtain an increase in the efficiency that exceeds 50% (from 12% to 68%). In generators with initially high efficiency (more than 50%), recuperation may turn out to be ineffective.     

Instabilities in laser-produced carbon plasma expanding in a nonuniform magnetic field

The laser-produced carbon plasma expanding in an ambient atmosphere in the presence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field has been studied by emission spectroscopy and fast photography. A double-peak structure is observed in the temporal profile of CII and CIII transition. A sudden increase in delay observed in the second peak when the plasma expands in the concave region of a magnetic field is attributed to Rayleigh–Taylor instability in a magnetic field. An estimate of the growth rate of the instability inferred using intensity and velocity profile of the expanding plasma is reported. Received: 26 August 1999 / Revised version: 3 January 2000 / Published online: 20 September 2000     

The ground state of two-dimensional electrons in a nonuniform magnetic field

An exact solution to the Schrödinger equation for the ground state of two-dimensional Pauli electrons in a nonuniform transverse magnetic field H is presented for two cases. In the first case, the field H depends on a single variable, H = H(y), while in the second case, the field is axially symmetric, H = H(ρ), ρ²=x ²+y ². The electron density distributions n = n(y) and n = n(ρ) that correspond to a completely filled lower level are found. For quasiuniform fields of fixed sign, the functions n(y) and n(ρ) are locally related to the magnetic field: n(y) = H(y)/?₀ and n(ρ) = H(ρ)/?₀, where ?₀ = hc/|e| is a magnetic flux quantum. Magnetic fields are considered that are periodic, singular, and bounded in the plane xy. Finite electron objects in a nonuniform magnetic field are analyzed.     

Thermal entanglement in a two-spin-qutrit system under a nonuniform external magnetic field

The thermal entanglement in a two-spin-qutrit system with two spins coupled by exchange interaction under a magnetic field in an arbitrary direction is investigated. Negativity, the measurement of entanglement, is calculated. We find that for any temperature the evolvement of negativity is symmetric with respect to magnetic field. The behavior of negativity is presented for four different cases. The results show that for different temperature, different magnetic field give maximum entanglement. Both the parallel and antiparallel magnetic field cases are investigated qualitatively (not quantitatively) in detail, we find that the entanglement may be enhanced under an antiparallel magnetic field.     

Anisotropy characteristics in a Permalloy film induced by a nonuniform magnetic field

Inhomogeneities were observed for the first time in the magnetic structure of a thin Permalloy film, induced by a strongly nonuniform magnetic field applied in the plane of the substrate during fabrication of the samples. The films were obtained by vacuum deposition using a molecular-beam epitaxy system. A nonuniform field was created on the substrate using four samarium-cobalt magnets. The anisotropy of local sections of the samples was measured using a scanning-ferromagnetic-resonance spectrometer. A strong correlation was observed between the distribution of the magnitude and direction of the local magnetic anisotropy of the film and the magnetic-field distribution in the plane of the substrate. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 1291–1293 (July 1998)     

不均匀磁场中单层二硫化钼的朗道能谱

单层二硫化钼是一种新型的类石墨烯材料,其内部较强自旋轨道耦合作用使它表现出许多不同于单层石墨烯的物理性质.本文从量子力学的基本概念出发,借助特殊函数方程理论,研究了在不均匀垂直磁场作用下单层二硫化钼中奇异的朗道能级结构.     

Behavior of the fast cyclotron wave in a nonuniform magnetic field

The fast cyclotron wave becomes unstable and is excited in a spiral electron beam-plasma system when the perpendicular energy component of the beam is sufficiently large. When a nonuniform magnetic field is applied to the system, the cyclotron frequency as well as the parallel velocity component of the beam vary spatially. It is confirmed experimentally, that the variation affects the excited wave and results in a spatial variation of its wavenumber in the way predicted by the dispersion relation of the fast cyclotron wave.     

Axial magnetic field contacts with nonuniform distributed axial magnetic fields

It is well known that axial magnetic fields (AMFs) can keep vacuum arc in diffuse mode at high current. According to our recent research and other published papers, it has been found that vacuum arc can be maintained in high-current diffuse mode at much higher current if nonuniform AMF is applied, that the axial magnetic field is higher at contact periphery than at center. The influence of spatial distribution of AMF on vacuum arc is mainly studied in this paper. Furthermore, two types of AMF contacts with new structures to generate nonuniform AMF are presented.     

CDW instability of electron gas in a strong magnetic field

It is shown that within the Hartree-Fock approximation the electron gas in the quantum limit of a strong magnetic field has an instability as the temperature is lowered toward the charge density wave state with an wave-vector which has finite components in the directions not only parallel but also perpendicular to the field. The critical temperature, T_c, is estimated under the assumption of T_c??_F?ω_c, where ?_F and ω_c are the Fermi energy of the non-interacting system and the cyclotron frequency respectively.