木薯淀粉硫酸酯的制备及理化性质

以NaHSO3和NaNO2为酯化剂,采用水相法制备了低取代度的淀粉硫酸酯(SSE),测定了SSE糊的冻融稳定性、凝沉性能、透明度、黏度;利用红外光谱仪分析了产物的化学结构.结果表明,酯化的SSE糊的透光率比淀粉的提高22.4％,透明度稳定性明显增强;SSE糊的黏度冷热差值均比淀粉的低,抗老化性能增强、凝沉性能得以改善,...     

高取代度淀粉磷酸酯的理化性质及结构表征

以磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠的混盐为酯化剂,干法制备高取代度木薯淀粉磷酸酯(CSP-HDS)。研究表明,取代度不同时,产物的表观粘度、糊透明度、凝沉性、冻融稳定性均不相同。与木薯淀粉相比,酯化反应后产物粘度增大,糊透明度、凝沉性及冻融稳定性得到改善。XRD分析表明酯化反应主要发生在淀粉分子的非结晶区,对结晶区破坏不明显;SEM分析显示酯化后大部分淀粉颗粒保持原来形貌,仅少数团粒受到侵蚀。     

季戊四醇螺环磷酸苯酚酯的合成及结构表征

季戊四醇螺环磷酸苯酚酯的合成及结构表征;季戊四醇螺环磷酸苯酚酯;季戊四醇螺环磷酰二氯;苯酚;绿色合成     

磷酸单酯反应型表面活性剂的合成

磷酸单酯反应型表面活性剂的合成;磷酸单酯;反应型表面活性剂;合成;性能     

催化氧化木薯淀粉的结构与胶粘性能

考察了催化剂硫酸亚铁对氧化木薯淀粉的绝对分子量及其分布、羧基和羰基含量以及其胶粘性能的影响。结果表明,催化氧化使木薯淀粉的氧化降解时间减少到0.5 h,羧基和羰基含量分别增加了105%和12%以上。用高效凝胶渗透色谱与多角度激光光散射仪联用技术分析氧化淀粉的结果表明,催化氧化淀粉的绝对分子量比无催化氧化淀粉的小,且分布均匀。由催化氧化淀粉制得的淀粉胶粘剂的固含量达28.9%,干燥15 m in时粘接强度达57 N。     

球磨处理对豌豆淀粉结构及理化性质的影响

为探究球磨研磨处理对豌豆淀粉结构及性质的影响,采用扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪、X-射线衍射仪、傅立叶红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、快速黏度分析仪等分析手段研究经研磨处理后豌豆淀粉颗粒形貌、晶体结构和理化性质。结果表明,淀粉颗粒形貌由光滑的多角形变为表面粗糙的不规则形状,处理后豌豆淀粉粒度增大,粒度中位径达到23.28μm,偏光十字消失;淀粉颗粒结晶结构被破坏,由多晶态向无定形态转变,呈现非晶化状态;研磨过程淀粉无新的基团产生,淀粉颗粒由有序结构向无序化结构转变;热焓值、糊化温度均显著降低,热糊稳定性好,处理后豌豆淀粉具有较好的热糊稳定性和冷糊力学稳定性。     

白血病细胞内磷酸单酯的31P核磁共振分析

对人早幼粒白血病细胞HL－60和人淋巴瘤白血病细胞Molt-4的^31P NMR谱进行了分析，HL－60和Molt-4细胞显示很强的磷酸单酯峰，磷酸单酯峰中包含有磷酸胆碱和磷酸乙醇胺；并进一步对磷酸单酯峰的特征及形成进行了分析；结果提示可能根据磷酸单酯峰的特征对癌进行诊断和分析。     

微波辐射对淀粉结构及性质的影响

简单地介绍了微波对淀粉的辐射作用,并综述了微波辐射对淀粉形态结构和结晶结构以及淀粉凝胶化性质、热性质等影响的国内外研究进展,如微波辐射可改变淀粉颗粒形状、结晶结构及其结晶度.微波辐射时间及辐射能等技术参数能够改变淀粉的凝胶化性质,而淀粉的含水量也是重要的影响因素.淀粉的溶解性、润胀性和吸水性都会因微波辐射而较原淀粉下降.     

气流超微粉碎对蜡质玉米淀粉结构及理化性质的影响

为探究气流超微粉碎对蜡质玉米淀粉结构及性质的影响,采用扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪、X-射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、快速黏度分析仪等分析手段研究经微细化处理后蜡质玉米淀粉颗粒形貌、晶体结构和理化性质。结果表明,淀粉粒径明显变小,微细化蜡质玉米淀粉粒度中位径减小到6.43μm,粉碎后淀粉颗粒仍为A型结构,颗粒结晶结构被破坏,由多晶态向无定形态转变,粉碎过程淀粉无新的基团产生;热焓值、糊化温度均降低,热糊稳定性好;持水能力增加,冻融稳定性好,微细化蜡质玉米淀粉具有较好的热糊稳定性和冷糊力学稳定性。     

机械活化木薯淀粉氧化产物的结构表征

采用搅拌球磨机对木薯淀粉进行机械活化,以活化60min的木薯淀粉为原料,CuSO4为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂干法制备氧化淀粉。利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射等手段对产物的结构进行表征分析,并与原淀粉的氧化产物进行比较。结果表明,机械活化对木薯淀粉的氧化反应有显著的影响。原木薯淀粉的氧化反应主要发生在淀粉颗粒的表面及无定形区,部分发生在结晶区,产物是无定形及结晶状态的结构;活化淀粉的氧化反应在淀粉团粒表面及内部均匀进行,产物是无定形的聚集状态结构。并就机械活化对淀粉氧化的强化机理进行了探讨。     

水发泡淀粉挤出泡沫的结构与性能

以水为发泡剂,普通玉米淀粉为原料,采用双螺杆挤出机制备淀粉泡沫材料,研究了发泡剂用量及聚乙烯醇的加入量对泡沫材料结构与性能的影响。 用扫描电子显微镜观察了泡沫材料截面的形态,用万能材料试验机测试了泡沫材料的力学性能。 结果表明,水的质量分数为8%时淀粉泡沫径向膨胀率和发泡倍率最高,分别为22倍和17.6倍,压缩模量最高（4.07 MPa）。 加入质量分数10%的聚乙烯醇(PVA)使淀粉泡沫的孔径变大至1.29 mm,壁厚增加至82.43 μm,同时压缩模量增加至9.70 MPa。     

Preparation and Characterisation of Thermoplastic Starches from Cassava Starch,Cassava Root and Cassava Bagasse

Summary: Thermoplastic starches (TPS) based on cassava starch have been produced by extrusion at 120 °C, using glycerol as plasticizer. Three forms of cassava starch were employed, viz: cassava root (CR), cassava bagasse (CB) and purified cassava starch (PCS). The main differences between these are the presence of sugars and a few fibres in CR and high fibre concentration in CB. Conditions of processing and characteristics such as amylose and fibre content, crystallinity, water absorption and mechanical behaviour in the tension x deformation test were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the PCS and CR had amylose contents consistent with literature values (14–18%) and that CB is a material constituted mainly by amylopectin. It was found that fibres in high proportions (as in the bagasse) can confer reinforcement properties and are thus able to generate natural composites of TPS with cellulose fibre. The sugars naturally found in the root reduce the elongation of the TPS under tension. The PCS and CR TPS were stable with respect to indices of crystallinity after processing; and during a period of 90 d in a relative humidity of 53%, while the CB TPS tended to vary its crystallinity, probably because its amylose chain had low degree of polymerization.     

新型磷酸盐受体的合成与性能研究

由二茂铁经甲酰基化、氧化和酰氯化制备的1，1′-二茂铁二酰氯与对苯二胺和对硝基苯胺缩合反应，合成了新型磷酸盐敏感试剂：1，1′-二[(对苯二胺基)-N-羰基]-二茂铁(L1)和1，1′-二[(对硝基苯胺基)-N-羰基]二茂铁(L)，并研究了Ll，L2与磷酸盐阴离子的电子结合性能。Ll，L2对磷酸盐响应灵敏。Ll对H2PO4^-响应的线性为1．00μg/mL～10．00μg/mL，检测限(3σ／k)为0．01μg/mL；也对PO4^3-响应的线性为6．60μg/mL～54．50μg/mL，检测限(3σ／k)为0．03μg/mL。     

热塑性淀粉力学性能的提升途径及作用机理

以可再生资源(如淀粉、纤维素和蛋白质等)为基础发展而来的生物可降解塑料受到人们越来越多的关注,是可降解塑料行业发展的重要方向之一。天然淀粉由于来源广、低成本和可生物降解的特点,广泛用于制备淀粉塑料,并用于农业、食品、医药和包装等行业,有望取代石油基衍生聚合物。淀粉大分子具有结晶结构,所含大量羟基可形成较强的分子间和分子内氢键,使其不能热塑加工,而当加入增塑剂后可破坏其结晶结构,从而用于制备热塑性淀粉。目前,热塑性淀粉的力学性能差,是影响其使用性能的首要问题。近年来国内外开展了大量的研究以试图增强其力学性能。本文主要以不同类型的热塑性淀粉为基础,以淀粉自身改性和外加组分改性两种提高其力学性能的途径为主线,以其力学性能的提升方法和作用机理为重点,系统总结了近年来国内外以提高热塑性淀粉材料的力学性能为目的的研究工作,归纳了影响力学性能的相关因素以及提升途径,并对该领域重点研究的内容进行了总结和展望。     

磷酸锆及其衍生物的离子交换性能*

α-磷酸锆（α-Zr(HPO₄)₂·H₂O, α-ZrP）、γ-磷酸锆（Zr(PO₄)(H₂PO₄)·2H₂O,缩写为γ-ZrP）及其衍生物由于在离子交换、质子传导、插层化学、催化、光化学、材料化学等领域有潜在的应用前景,因而引发了大量的研究工作。本文综述了碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属离子等与磷酸锆及其衍生物的离子交换反应机理、热力学和动力学特性,另外也讨论了发光金属配合物与磷酸锆的离子交换反应研究进展。     

Crystal Structures of Three Framework Alkali Metal Uranyl Phosphate Hydrates

Three homeotypic hydrated alkali metal uranyl phosphates, A₂(UO₂)[(UO₂)(PO₄)]₄(H₂O)₂, A=Cs (CsUP), Rb (RbUP), K (KUP), were synthesized by hydrothermal methods. Intensity data were collected at room temperature using MoKα radiation and a CCD-based area detector. Their crystal structures were solved by Patterson (CsUP) and direct (RbUP, KUP) methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques to agreement indices (CsUP, RbUP, KUP) wR₂=0.048, 0.230, 0.072 for all data, and R1=0.023, 0.078, 0.038 calculated for 5338, 4738, 4514 unique observed reflections (∣F_o∣≥4σ_F), respectively. The compound CsUP is orthorhombic, space group Cmc2₁, Z=4, a=14.854(1), b=13.879(1), c=12.987(1) Å, V=2677.5(3) ų. Both RbUP and KUP are monoclinic, space group Cm, but are presented in the unconventional pseudo-orthorhombic space group Fm11 to facilitate comparison with CsUP and to allow a model for RbUP that includes the effects of pseudo-merohedral twinning. RbUP is monoclinic, space group Fm11, Z=4, a=15.72(2), b=13.84(1), c=13.05(1) Å, α=90.39°(2), V=2839(5) ų; KUP is monoclinic, space group Fm11, Z=4, a=15.257(1), b=13.831(1), c=13.007(1) Å, α=91.760°(1), V=2743.4(3) ų. The structures consist of sheets of phosphate tetrahedra and uranyl pentagonal bipyramids, with composition [(UO₂)(PO₄)]⁻, that are topologically identical to the uranyl silicate sheets in uranophane-beta. These sheets are connected by a uranyl pentagonal bipyramid in the interlayer that shares corners with two phosphate tetrahedra on each of two adjacent sheets and whose fifth equatorial vertex is an H₂O group, resulting in an open framework with alkali metal cations in the larger cavities of the structures. Where CsUP and RbUP have two alkali metal positions and a H₂O group in these cavities, KUP has four K atoms and two H₂O groups, all of which are partially occupied, in the interstitial sites.     

Effects of Variety and Growing Location on Physicochemical Properties of Starch from Sweet Potato Root Tuber

Three sweet potato varieties with purple-, yellow-, and white-fleshed root tubers were planted in four growing locations. Starches were isolated from their root tubers, their physicochemical properties (size, iodine absorption, amylose content, crystalline structure, ordered degree, lamellar thickness, swelling power, water solubility, and pasting, thermal and digestion properties) were determined to investigate the effects of variety and growing location on starch properties in sweet potato. The results showed that granule size (D[4,3]) ranged from 12.1 to 18.2 μm, the iodine absorption parameters varied from 0.260 to 0.361 for OD620, from 0.243 to 0.326 for OD680 and from 1.128 to 1.252 for OD620/550, and amylose content varied from 16.4% to 21.2% among starches from three varieties and four growing locations. Starches exhibited C-type X-ray diffraction patterns, and had ordered degrees from 0.634 to 0.726 and lamellar thicknesses from 9.72 to 10.21 nm. Starches had significantly different swelling powers, water solubilities, pasting viscosities, and thermal properties. Native starches had rapidly digestible starch (RDS) from 2.2% to 10.9% and resistant starch (RS) from 58.2% to 89.1%, and gelatinized starches had RDS from 70.5% to 81.4% and RS from 10.8% to 23.3%. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed that starch physicochemical properties were affected significantly by variety, growing location, and their interaction in sweet potato.     

交联-羧甲基复合变性淀粉的流变与降失水性能

以马铃薯淀粉和氯乙酸为主要原料,通过交联-醚化制备了交联-羧甲基复合变性淀粉(CCMS),考察了所得CCMS糊液的流变性能和在钻井泥浆中的降滤失水性能,并对其降失水原理进行了探讨。结果表明,在质量分数为0.5%~4.0%、温度为20~60℃的实验条件下,CCMS糊液表现为假塑性流体特征,符合Ostwald-Dewaele的经验公式ηa=Kγn-1;将CCMS与中粘羧甲基纤维素(MV-CMC)进行对比实验,结果发现,在饱和盐水泥浆和4%盐水泥浆中,当其用量分别为MV-CMC质量分数的57%和75%时,就可达到钻井液用MV-CMC的增粘、降滤失水性能指标。