基于听觉模型的耳语音的声韵切分

本文分析了耳语音的特点，并根据生理声学及心理声学的基本理论与实验资料，提出了一种利用听觉模型来进行耳语音声韵切分的方法。这种适用于耳语音声韵切分的听觉感知模型主要分为四个层次：耳蜗对声音频率的分解机理；听觉系统的时域和频域非线性变化；中枢神经系统的侧抑制机理。这种模型能反映在噪声环境下人对低能量语音的听觉感知特性，因而适于耳语音识别，在耳语音声韵母切分实验中得到了满意的结果。     

骨导超声听觉感知进展与研究*

骨导超声听觉感知是超声振动通过头骨传导产生听觉感知的一种特殊现象。本文首先介绍了骨导超声听觉感知研究领域的国内外发展现状,在此基础上设计了一套骨导超声听觉感知测试系统,并完成了系统的软、硬件平台实现。利用该系统,分别对听力正常和听力障碍被试者进行了主观测试,围绕单频超声感知效果及单频可听声、汉语语音由超声载波调制后的感知效果开展研究,比较了多种不同调制方式下的主观感知效果,并分析了空气传导声对实验结果的影响。     

环境声的听觉感知与自动识别

<正>陈克安著北京:科学出版社,2014,348页,定价:128元声学是声音的科学,研究声音的产生、传播、接收和效应。声或声音原指人耳听觉所能觉察的空气中传播的振动现象。人类认识声音自语言始,通过观测声学现象,研究其规律,人们很早就认识到声的波动性质,并创造了声学设备(主要是乐器),发展了测试方法,取得不少重要结果。但直到17世纪初伽利略提出频率和周期的概念止,都没有对振动和波动的本质的研究,当然也没有声速的概念。原因在于没有找到描述特定声学(物理)现象的特性的物理量及其测量方法。     

基于听觉感知的语音稀疏表示及压缩感知*

本文针对语音信号稀疏表示及压缩感知问题,将听觉感知引入稀疏系数筛选过程,用掩蔽阈值筛选重要系数,以得到更符合听觉感受的语音稀疏表示。通过对一帧浊音信号分别采用掩蔽阈值和能量阈值方法进行系数筛选对比实验,结果表明掩蔽阈值法具有更好的稀疏表示效果。为验证听觉感知对语音压缩感知性能的影响,与能量阈值法对照对测试语音进行压缩感知观测和重构,通过压缩比、信噪比、主观平均意见分等主客观指标评价其性能,结果表明,掩蔽阈值法可有效地提高压缩比且保证重构语音具有较高的主观听觉质量。     

语音中元音和辅音的听觉感知研究

本文对语音中元音和辅音的听觉感知研究进行综述。80多年前基于无意义音节的权威实验结果表明辅音对人的听感知更为重要,由于实验者在学术上的成就和权威性,这一结论成为了常识,直到近20年前基于自然语句的实验挑战了这个结论并引发了新一轮的研究。本文主要围绕元音和辅音对语音感知的相对重要性、元音和辅音的稳态信息和边界动态信息对语音感知的影响以及相关研究的潜在应用等进行较为系统的介绍,最后给出了总结与展望。     

稳态和动态虚拟听觉重放对近场距离感知的影响*

虚拟听觉重放是研究距离感知的一种重要工具,它可分为传统的稳态虚拟听觉重放和动态虚拟听觉重放。然而,稳态虚拟听觉重放经常会产生头中定位而影响距离感知的判断,从而影响最终的实验结果。过去的实验大多采用稳态虚拟听觉重放,因此其结论也存在较大的争议性结论。本文对比研究稳态和动态的虚拟听觉重放对绝对距离感知效果的影响。实验采用非个性化HRTF进行双耳合成,将分布在水平面0.20 m至1.00 m的七个距离、0°至180°的七个方位角下的信号通过耳机进行虚拟重放。心理声学实验结果表明,在稳态虚拟听觉重放条件下,受试者不同程度地报告了存在头中定位。而动态虚拟听觉重放系统能够利用动态因素,从而产生头外化的听觉感知。统计分析表明动态虚拟听觉重放下的距离感知效果与稳态重放存在明显的差异。由于动态虚拟重放更接近真实声源的感知效果,应选用这种方法作为实验工具。同时,在实际的空间声应用中,也应该采用动态虚拟听觉重放产生不同的距离感知。     

混响感知的听觉心理

综述了中国传媒大学传播声学研究所近年来在混响的主观感知机理上的研究工作和进展,涉及混响感的语意调查与分析,音乐听闻的混响偏爱度实验,混响感的差别阈限,混响感的因素分析,以及混响处理与音乐情感之间的相互影响等研究结果。对混响感知的研究对进一步探究在有界空间中主观听感的生理心理机制是十分有启发的。     

听觉感知中的噪声特性语义描述及其分析

基于听觉感知的噪声语义描述是噪声声品质研究的基础性问题,已有研究未将语义描述与噪声来源、频谱特性以及产品运行状态等物理信息联系起来。该文分别针对飞机舱内噪声、车辆噪声和空气净化器噪声这3组典型噪声开展了主观评价实验,并通过多维尺度分析和主成分分析描述了3组噪声的语义空间,系统分析了不同类型噪声的描述词,同时解释了描述词与噪声物理属性之间的联系。研究发现：飞机舱内噪声、车辆噪声以及空气净化器噪声可以由4维、4维和3维语义空间进行描述;不同类型噪声在语义描述中具有共性与个性,3组噪声语义的主要维度均与嘈杂感相关,而噪声的个性描述词与其声源的物理属性密切相关;进行声品质建模及应用时,应同时考虑噪声共性和个性描述词对听觉感知的影响,采取有针对性的措施以提升产品声品质。该文从听觉感知的角度进行了噪声特性的语义描述和分析,研究结果可为产品声品质以及噪声控制研究提供帮助。     

听觉基础研究的若干问题展望(Ⅰ)

一、前 言 气象万千的声音世界所诱发的听觉现象,一直是个多学科研究课题。几十年来,声学、生理学、心理学、语言学和工程技术等领域的学者,从各自关心的方面,引进一些新方法和新观点,为听觉研究的深入进展做出了贡献。近十年来,随着高科技的推广应用,多学科群策群力取得的成果尤其显著。因此,不少学者满怀信心的预言,未来十年将是听觉科学极富创造性和令人鼓舞的时期,许多长期悬而未决的理论和实际问题将得到解决。本文拟从声学的角度,对听觉基础研究中三个主要方面,即生理声     

不同测量对头相关传输函数的听觉影响

头相关传输函数(HRTF)是虚拟听觉重放的核心·目前,HRTF的实验室测量缺乏统一的规范。本文研究了不同测量对HRTF的听觉影响。首先提出了扩散场均衡的预处理方法,并对来自5个不同数据库的KEMAR假人的HRTF数据进行了扩散场均衡;然后,采用谱差异评估了不同数据库HRTF测量的频谱差异;最后,采用HRTF合成的虚拟声信号开展了一系列的主观听音实验,包括定位实验和区分实验·结果表明,扩散场均衡是一种有效的HRTF预处理方法,可以减小不同测量对HRTF频谱的影响;不同测量基本上不影响HRTF在12 kHz以下的定位效果,但对音色的影响较大,从而导致听觉上的可区分.     

Measurement on just noticeable difference of auditory perception with visual stimuli

This paper addresses the JND（Just Noticeable Difference）change of auditory perception with synchronous visual stimuli.Through psychoacoustics experimentS,loudness JND,subjective duration JND and pitch JND of pure tone were measured in auditory-only mode and visual_auditory mode with different visual stimuli which have different attributes such as color,illumination,quality and moving state.Statistical analyses of the experimental data indicare that,comparing with JND in auditory-only mode,the amount of JND with visual stimuli is often larger.The JND＇S average increment of subjective duration,pitch and loudness are 45.1%,14.8%and 12.3%,respectively.The conclusion is that the ability of JNDbased auditory perception often decreases with visual stimuli.The incremental amount of JND is afiected bv the attributes of visual stimuli.If the visual stimuli make subjects feel more comfortable,the JND of auditory perception will change smaller.     

超声波检测计算机模拟和仿真的研究及应用现状

随着高性能计算机的广泛应用，超声检测模拟和仿真的研究方兴未艾。本文对这些研究所选择的数学模型和方法进行了综合评述，探讨了Gaussiam模型、声线模型、衍射理论、有限积分技术等的应用，涉及的方法包括各种解析方法及有限差分、有限元、边界元等数值方法。     

Acoustic resonance for contactless ultrasonic cavitation in alloy melts

Contactless ultrasound is a novel, easily implemented, technique for the Ultrasonic Treatment (UST) of liquid metals. Instead of using a vibrating sonotrode probe inside the melt, which leads to contamination, we consider a high AC frequency electromagnetic coil placed close to the metal free surface. The coil induces a rapidly changing Lorentz force, which in turn excites sound waves. To reach the necessary pressure amplitude for cavitation with the minimum electrical energy use, it was found necessary to achieve acoustic resonance in the liquid volume, by finely tuning the coil AC supply frequency. The appearance of cavitation was then detected experimentally with an externally placed ultrasonic microphone and confirmed by the reduction in grain size of the solidified metal. To predict the appearance of various resonant modes numerically, the exact dimensions of the melt volume, the holding crucible, surrounding structures and their sound properties are required. As cavitation progresses the speed of sound in the melt changes, which in practice means resonance becomes intermittent. Given the complexity of the situation, two competing numerical models are used to compute the soundfield. A high order time-domain method focusing on a particular forcing frequency and a Helmholtz frequency domain method scanning the full frequency range of the power supply. A good agreement is achieved between the two methods and experiments which means the optimal setup for the process can be predicted with some accuracy.     

Wavelet based noise suppression technique and its application to ultrasonic flaw detection

The noise suppression techniques with wavelet transform (WT) are widely used in non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E), especially in ultrasonics. Complete reconstruction theory with hard or soft thresholds, reconstruction technique based on the singularities of noise and signal, matched filter with an impulse response, and optimal frequency-to-bandwidth ratio of wavelet technique have all been used to analyze ultrasonic signals for noise suppression. But a more simple and effective technique has been pursued for decades. This paper develops a new technique using WT for the right purpose. In this work, WT is treated as a band-pass filter whose central frequency and frequency bandwidth (CF&FB) are determined by the spectra distribution of an ultrasonic signal captured from real testing situation. For the purpose of matching their CF&FB well, a technique for evaluating the optimal scale of a daughter wavelet is carried out too. By acting this daughter wavelet as a band-pass filter, we can obtain excellent de-noising results, even when the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is below -18 dB. The performance of the technique has been done by ultrasonic signals with computer generated white noises. Finally, the experimental verification is performed on a pipeline specimen with man-made small flaws with good results obtained. The results show that the technique is more suitable for processing heavy noised ultrasonic signals, and it can also be used in automatic flaw detection.     

The ultrasonic characteristics of high frequency modulated arc and its application in material processing

To solve the difficulty of introducing traditional ultrasonic transducers to welding molten pool, high frequency current is used to modulate plasma arc and ultrasonic wave is excited successfully. The characteristics of the excited ultrasonic field are studied. The results show that the amplitude-frequency response of the ultrasonic emission is flat. The modulating current is the main factor influencing the ultrasonic power and the sound pressure depends on the variation of arc plasma stream force. Experimental study of the welding structure indicates grain refinement by the ultrasonic emission of the modulated arc and the test results showed there should be an energy region for the arc ultrasonic to get best welding joints.