Optical properties of lithium magnesium borate glasses doped with Dy and Sm ions

Several studies showed the interesting properties of trivalent lanthanide ions when doped in various types of glasses. Optical and physical properties of lithium magnesium borate glasses doped with Dy³⁺ then with Sm³⁺ ions were determined by measuring their absorption and luminescence spectra in the visible region. The absorption spectra of Dy³⁺ showed eight absorption bands with hypersensitive transition at 1265 nm (⁶H_15/2→⁶F_11/2-⁶H_9/2) and three PL emission bands at 588 nm (⁴F_9/2→⁶H_15/2), 660 nm (⁴F_9/2→⁶H_13/2) and 775 nm (⁴F_9/2→⁶H_11/2). Regarding the Sm3⁺, nine absorption bands were observed with hypersensitive transition at 1237 nm (⁶H_5/2–⁶F_7/2); the PL spectrum showed four prominent peaks at ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_5/2 (yellow color), ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_7/2 (bright orange color), ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_9/2 (orange reddish color) and ⁴G_5/2→⁶H_11/2 (red color), respectively. Finally, a series of physical parameters such as the oscillator strengths, refractive index, ions concentration, Polaron radius and other parameters were calculated for each dopant.     

Optical properties of InGaN/GaN double quantum wells with varying well thickness

The optical properties and recombination kinetics of the InGaN/GaN double quantum well (DQW) structures with different well thickness (L_w) have been studied by means of photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved PL, and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements. With increasing quantum well thickness up to 4 nm, the PL emission energy decreases and the blueshift of the PL emission energy increases with increasing excitation density. On the other hand, the PL emission energy of the DQWs with L_w=16 nm is higher than that of the DQWs with L_w=4 nm, and is independent of the excitation density. With increasing L_w from 1 to 4 nm, the PL decay times increase. In contrast, the decay times of 16 nm DQWs are faster than those of 4 nm DQWs. These different results for 16 nm DQWs such as the blueshift of the emission energy, the decrease of the excitation density dependence, and the increase of recombination rate can be ascribed to the relaxation of the piezoelectric field. We also observed the inhomegeneity in the CL spectra of the DQWs with L_w=1 nm on 1 μm scale.     

Optical properties of Sm3+ and Dy3+ ions in Gd2MoB2O9 host lattice

Gd₂MoB₂O₉ doped with Sm³⁺ and Dy³⁺ were used for this study. The photoluminescence behaviors of Sm³⁺ and Dy³⁺ in this phosphor material were investigated by the excitation and emission spectra. The Sm³⁺-doped Gd₂MoB₂O₉ phosphor powders show a red luminescence, whereas the Dy³⁺-doped Gd₂MoB₂O₉ phosphor powders show a yellow luminescence. In addition, the optimum doping concentration and the time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy were also investigated.     

Influence of the magnetic field strength and excitation intensity on the shape of microphotoluminescence spectra of quantum-well structures based on GaN/InGaN doped with Sm and Eu + Sm

This paper presents the results of complex measurements of the microphotoluminescence spectra of quantum-well structures based on InGaN/GaN〈Sm〉 and the determination of the concentration and charge state of the Sm dopant. It has been shown that an increase in the magnetic field strength and the excitation intensity of the microphotoluminescence spectra leads to an increase in the luminescence intensity and a shift in the position of the maximum of the emission wavelength toward the short-wavelength region of the spectrum. Measurements of the microphotoluminescence spectra with variations in the external magnetic field strength, as well as with the introduction of paramagnetic and magnetic impurities, provide additional information on the mechanisms of formation of luminescence spectra in the quantum-well structures InGaN/GaN〈Sm〉,〈Eu + Sm〉. In the long-wavelength region, the influence of the magnetic field on the shape of the microphotoluminescence spectra of the InGaN/GaN structures doped with Sm and Sm + Eu is less pronounced than that in the short-wavelength region.     

Optical properties of Sm3+:CaO-Li2O-B2O3-BaO glass and codoped Sm3+:Eu3+:

Calibo glasses of Sm³⁺ with and without BaO have been synthesized and the optical properties (like absorption and photoluminescence) analyzed in terms of Judd–Ofelt theory. The fluorescence yield of Sm³⁺ enhances with BaO, and is optimum at 10% BaO. The effect of temperature on the energy transfer probability in (Sm³⁺:Eu³⁺) codoped glass has been reported and it can be inferred that the combination may serve as a temperature sensor. PACS 42.70.Ce     

Physical and optical properties of Li2O-MgO-B2O3 doped with Dy3+

The study on the optical properties of alkali borate glasses doped with rare earths is an interesting area of research. Dysporosium doped lithium magnesium borate glasses were prepared by melt-quenching technique with dysporosium concentration varying from 0.3 to 1.0 mol %. Physical and optical properties of Lithium Magnesium Borate doped with different concentration of Dy³⁺ were observed based on its physical parameters, emission spectra and absorption spectra. The absorption spectra of this study exhibits eight absorption bands with hypersensitive peak at 1260 nm (⁶ H _9/2). Two emitted spectra transitions were also observed at ⁴ F _9/2 → ⁶ H _15/2, ⁴ F _9/2 → ⁶ H _13/2. Lastly, important physical parameters for each concentration of dopant such as density, ions concentration, polaron radius, inter-nuclear distance, refractive index, oscillator strength and other parameters were determined.     

Efficient laser operation of diode-pumped Pr3+,Mg2+:SrAl12O19

We report on diode-pumped laser operation of Pr³⁺,Mg²⁺:SrAl₁₂O₁₉ at lasing wavelengths of λ _L = 724.4 nm, λ _L = 643.5 nm, and λ _L = 622.8 nm. Furthermore, the laser threshold could be reached in the green spectral range. By pumping the crystal longitudinally from each side with two polarization beam combined InGaN laser diodes, a total pump power of ≈4 W was available. In the deep red spectral range, a maximum output power of 564 mW was achieved with a maximum slope efficiency of 50 % with respect to the absorbed pump power. The maximum possible internal losses were estimated to ≈1 %. Beam quality factors M ² were in the range of 1.2–1.5.     

Photoluminescence properties of Li6CaB3O8.5: M3+ (M3+: Dy and Sm)

Li₆CaB₃O_8.5: M³⁺ (M³⁺: Dy and Sm) phosphors were synthesized by a solution combustion synthesis. The synthesized materials were characterized by using the powder XRD. The emission and excitation spectra of these materials were measured at room temperature with a spectrofluorometer. Both Li₆CaB₃O_8.5: Dy³⁺ and Li₆CaB₃O_8.5: Sm³⁺ phosphors emit red, yellow and green light. Consequently, these materials are promising phosphors for white LEDs.     

Luminescence and defect studies of YAlO3:Dy3+, Sm3+ single crystals exposed to 100 MeV Si7+ ion beam

Ionoluminescence (IL) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra for different rare earth ions (Sm³⁺ and Dy³⁺) activated YAlO₃ single crystals have been induced with 100 MeV Si⁷⁺ ions with fluence of 7.81×10¹² ions cm^?2. Prominent IL and PL emission peaks in the range 550–725 nm in Sm³⁺ and 482–574 nm in Dy³⁺ were recorded. Variation of IL intensity in Dy³⁺ doped YAlO₃ single crystals was studied in the fluence range 7.81×10¹²–11.71×10¹² ions cm^?2. IL intensity is found to be high in lower ion fluences and it decreases with increase in ion fluence due to thermal quenching as a result of an increase in the sample temperature caused by ion beam irradiation. Thermoluminescence (TL) spectra were recorded for fluence of 5.2×10¹² ions cm^?2 on pure and doped crystals at a warming rate of 5 °C s^?1 at room temperature. Pure crystals show two glow peaks at 232 (Tg₁) and 328 °C (Tg₂). However, in Sm³⁺ doped crystals three glow peaks at 278 (Tg₁), 332 (Tg₂) and 384 °C (Tg₃) and two glow peaks at 278 (Tg₁) and 331 °C (Tg₂) in Dy³⁺ was recorded. The kinetic parameters (E, b s) were estimated using glow peak shape method. The decay of IL intensity was explained by excitation spike model.     

High-temperature operation of a diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG laser

The output performances of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser passively Q-switched by Cr⁴⁺:YAG saturable absorber crystal were investigated function of temperature. Increase of the temperature from 25 to 150°C increased slightly the laser pulse energy, and did not change the pulse duration. Furthermore, an increased absorbed energy of the pump radiation was necessary at temperatures higher than 25°C in order to maintain Q-switch operation. Measurements concluded that Cr⁴⁺:YAG transmission did not vary when temperature increased to 150°C. The decrease of Nd:YAG emission cross section with temperature and the changes of resonator configuration due to thermal effects were considered as main reasons for this behavior. The results of this work are valuable for designing a laser-ignition system for industrial gas engine or automotive industry.     

CW and Q-switched diode-pumped laser operation of Yb3+:NaLa(MoO4)2

Continuous wave (CW) and Q-switched diode-pumped laser operation of Yb³⁺:NaLa(MoO₄)₂ single crystal was to our knowledge, demonstrated for the first time. A CW output power of 220 mW and slope efficiency of 46% were obtained. Q-switched laser operation was achieved with a pulse duration of 60 ns average output power of 70 mW and slope efficiency of 22%. PACS 42.55.Xi; 42.60.Pk; 42.60.Gd.     

Optical properties and laser potential of dysprosium doped YAl 3 (BO 3 ) 4 (YAB) crystal

The absorption and emission spectra were measured at 5 and 300 v K. The positions of the selected Dy 3+ levels and their Stark components, determined from optical spectra at 5K, are presented. In this work an attempt is made to assess the potential of dysprosium doped YAl 3 (BO 3 ) 4 crystal as a laser active material operating near 570 v nm. The emission cross-section of a potential laser line at 570 v nm connected with 4 F 9/2 M 6 H 13/2 transition was estimated.     

Luminescence properties of Ba2NaNb5O15 crystals activated with Sm, Eu, Tb or Dy ions

Single crystals of Ba₂NaNb₅O₁₅ (BNN) singly doped with Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺ or Dy³⁺ have been grown by means of the flux growth method. Their visible emission and excitation spectra and the decay profiles of the luminescence have been measured at room temperature. All spectral features are significantly inhomogeneously broadened in consequence of the structural disorder of the host and of the doping mechanisms. The analysis of the observed spectra allows formulating an hypothesis about the site occupancy of the active ions in the BNN lattice.     

Optical and gain properties of series of crystals LiF-YF3-LuF3 doped with Ce and Yb ions

Here, we present first results of systematic studies of host cation variation impact on spectral-kinetic, photochemical and gain properties of Ce³⁺-doped LiYF₄ (YLF), LiLuF₄ (LLF) and LiY_1−xLu_xF₄ family crystals. 5d-4f luminescence decay of Ce³⁺ ions studies, together with pump-probe experiments, indicate that previously reported twice higher luminescence quantum yield in LLF compared with that of YLF crystals is provided by more efficient upper lasing level feeding due to recombination and higher color center destruction rate in LLF against YLF crystals. Namely, it is responsible for higher energetic characteristics of laser based on Ce³⁺:LLF crystals. Strong and wide pump-induced absorption band centered at 310 nm is observed in Ce³⁺:YLF. This band is shifted to blue and its intensity goes down with Lu content. We have evaluated free charges recombination rate, excited state absorption cross-section for Ce³⁺ ions and some other photodynamic processes related microparameters. Fitting results indicate that pump-induced color centers lifetime decreases with Lu-content in LiYF₄-LiLuF₄ mixture and it can be associated with more efficient color center bleaching by Ce³⁺ ions 5d-4f fluorescence.     

Pr3+或Sm3+掺杂YAG:Ce的发光特性及其荧光寿命

研究了Pr3 ,Sm3 掺杂对YAG:Ce发射光谱及其荧光寿命的影响.观察到当掺杂Pr3 时,在609 nm处出现Pr3 的发射峰,而掺杂Sm3 时,在616 nm处呈现Sm3 的发射峰.掺杂Pr3 或Sm3 增加红光区的发射峰将有利于提高YAG:Ce荧光粉的显色性.实验中测定了(Y0.95Sm0.01Ce0.04)3Al5O12、(Y0.95Pr0.01Ce0.04)3Al5O12、(Y0.96Ce0.04)3Al5O12的荧光寿命(τ),观察到在YAG:Ce中掺入Pr3 或Sm3 使Ce3 的荧光寿命减小.实验结果表明,少量掺杂Pr3 或Sm3 并未引起基质的结构的变化.     

Optical properties of Nb doped SrTiO3 from first principles study

The electronic and optical properties of Nb doped SrTiO₃ are studied by ab initio linear muffin-tin orbital method in the atomic sphere approximation. The equilibrium lattice constants of SrTi_1−xNb_xO₃ with x=0.0, 0.25 and 0.5 are found by minimization of the total energy curves. The computated lattice constants are in good agreement with experimental data. Our electronic band calculation shows that the Fermi level of SrTi_1−xNb_xO₃ with x≥0.125 moves into the conduction bands and the system shows metallic behavior. The numerical results indicate that the Nb impurity atoms would lead to the distortion of the band edges. The complex dielectric function of SrTiO₃ and Nb doped SrTiO₃ are calculated using the random-phase approximation. The doping effect on the optical properties of SrTi_1−xNb_xO₃ is discussed.     

Optical properties of electroluminescent ZnS doped with Cu+, Mn2+ and Gd3+ ions

ZnS:Gd, ZnS: Cu, Gd and ZnS: Mn, Gd phosphors have been prepared by firing the samples in argon atmosphere. Spectral distributions in these phosphors are discussed with appropriate mechanism. ZnS:Cu, Gd and ZnS:Mn, Gd are found to be examples of multiple band phosphors. Enhancement and quenching of the emission band intensities of all these phosphors have been studied inpel emission. It is observed that Gd³⁺ ions play an important role in transferring their excitation energy to other centres. The voltage and frequency variation ofel brightness are in agreement with collision excitation mechanism in Schottky barrier at the metal semiconductor interface. Studies in phosphorescence and thermoluminescence of these phosphors have also been carried out. It is observed that trap-depth changes slowly with temperature and dopant concentration. The values of trapping parameters have been evaluated. The irregular variation of the life-time of electrons in the traps. with temperature shows the existence of retrapping in these phosphors.     

Magnetic properties of paramagnetically doped crystals Fe3+, Nd3+ and Ho3+ in various compounds

In this work we calculate the energy levels, wave functions and transition probabilities for a number of compounds whose crystal field parameters have been determined. We introduce a convergence criterion in the diagonalization of the Hamilton matrices dependent upon a self consistency test on the eigenvectors. This assures us of numerically accurate wave functions.First we calculated energy level and susceptibility differences in (Nd³⁺)PbMoO₄ dependent on the multiplicative constants θ_n, used with the published A_l^m to determine the crystal field parameters B_l^m, (B_l^m = θ_nA_l^M). Calculated energy levels as a function of external magnetic field strength and orientation are compared with experimental results for three different sets of published crystal field parameters, B_l^m, for (Fe³⁺)TiO₂. The ground state energy levels, and wave functions, have been calculated for the non-Kramers Ho³⁺ ion in the crystals PbMoO₄, LaCl₃ and HoCl₃. Easily distinguishable variations in the temperature dependence of the X_zz component of the susceptibility are found as a function of the host crystal. It is pointed out that susceptibility calculations, based upon measured crystal field parameters, in conjunction with subsequent susceptibility measurements, provide a good check on the validity of the crystal field parameters.     

Efficient continuous wave laser operation of Tb3+‐doped fluoride crystals in the green and yellow spectral regions

In this work Tb³⁺ is revisited as a laser ion for efficient visible laser operation. In detailed spectroscopic investigations of absorption and fluorescence properties we reveal, that neither the spin‐forbidden transitions nor the widespread belief of excited state absorption or upconversion into 4f⁷5d¹‐states ultimately prevent efficient visible laser operation in Tb³⁺‐doped fluorides. In contrast, the rise of blue semiconductor‐based pump sources enabled us to achieve slope efficiencies up to 58% around 545 nm in the green spectral region in highly Tb³⁺‐doped LiLuF₄, LiYF₄, KY₃F₁₀, β‐BaLu₂F₈ and LaF₃ crystals. In addition, we obtained laser emission from Tb³⁺ in the yellow spectral region around 585 nm with slope efficiencies approaching 20%. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the first continuous wave laser operation of Tb³⁺‐doped crystals and demonstration of laser oscillation on the ⁵D₄ → ⁷F₄‐transition in this ion.