微电极的稳态可逆极化曲线

微电极具备一些常规尺寸电极所没有的优点,例如:(1)半径很小的微电极在不对溶液进行搅拌的情况下就具备与高速旋转的圆盘电极类似的性质,即在电位扫描速率较低时,可获得稳态伏安曲线.这一特点使微电极能方便地用于稳态测量.与暂态测量相比,稳态测量精度较高(实验曲线几乎不受充电电流干扰),实验方法较简单,实验结果的数学处理较容易.(2)微电极体系的时间常数(溶液电阻和双层电容的乘积)正比于电极面积的平方根.若在     

微电极的温度效应及其在动力学参数测定中的应用

微电极的温度效应及其在动力学参数测定中的应用庄乾坤,陈洪渊（南京大学化学系,南京,２１００９３）关键词微电极,稳态电流,温度效应,动力学参数微电极上的电极过程与常规电极明显不同,在极短的时间内电极表面就达到稳态扩散,得到与时间及扫描速率无关的稳态电流...     

一种全集成型阵列微电极的研制及表征

微电极技术是近十几年来发展起来的重要电化学分析研究方法.这种方法具有iR降小、建立稳态传质速度快和充电电流小等特点,尤其阵列微电极是将数十个微电极规则地组合成阵列,极大地增加了电流信号,可在普通伏安仪上使用,避免了配用高精度微电流仪所带来的困难,如将阵列微电极制成双工作电极形式,更具有旋转盘环电极的特点,从而把     

Ni-B非晶态合金电极上乙醇的电氧化及其动力学参数的测定

应用循环伏安法研究了碱性介质中Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极和化学镀Ni-B非晶态合金微盘电极上乙醇的电催化氧化. 结果表明, Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极和化学镀Ni-B非晶态合金微盘电极对碱性溶液中乙醇的氧化均具有很高的电催化作用, 且前者的电催化氧化活性高于后者. 运用稳态极化曲线测定了Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极上乙醇的电催化氧化动力学参数. 与高择优取向(220)镍电极比较, 碱性介质中Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极上乙醇的电催化氧化速率显著提高. 采用循环伏安法测定的Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极上Ni(OH)2的质子扩散系数高出文献报道的镍纳米线电极和表面化学镀Co的球形Ni(OH)2粉末电极约2个数量级.     

可逆体系中园盘微电极循环伏安法理论研究

用新的处理方法提出可逆体系微盘电极准稳态及快速循环伏安理论电流公式,新方程表示了微盘电极电流可分解成平面扩散与球面扩散传质两项之和,微盘电极上的电流特征取决于各种参数的改变。例如τ（）和ｖ。本文对微电极循环伏安法出现稳态、准稳态曲线及形成“滞后环”等原因及条件均从理论上作出解释,并进行了定量计算;文中对微电极快速循环伏安理论也有详细讨论。     

圆盘微电极的稳态电化学行为

本文利用“均匀表面浓度”处理法研究了微盘电极稳态电化学行为, 给出了溶液中O和R均存在时可逆极化曲线的精确式, 及仅有O存在时不可逆和准可逆极亿曲线的近似式。还讨论了微电极的半径与速率常数K°的测量上限之间的关系。     

Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极上甲醇的电催化氧化

应用循环伏安法研究了碱性介质中Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极上甲醇的电催化氧化.结果表明,Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极表现出很高的甲醇氧化电催化活性,较之高择优取向(220)的镍电极,其氧化起始电位负移了0.04V;氧化电流密度约大2个数量级,根据稳态极化曲线测定,与高择优取向(220)镍电极相比较,在Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极上,Ni(Ⅲ)与甲醇反应和Ni(Ⅱ)氧化为Ni(Ⅲ)及其逆反应的速率常数依次约大2个、3个和3个数量级.     

碳纳米管粉末微电极技术研究超氧自由基的电产生及化学性质

将多壁碳纳米管填充在粉末微电极尖端的小孔里制成碳纳米管粉末微电极,研究氧单电子还原产生超氧自由基的电化学行为.在二甲亚砜(DMSO)介质中,该电极反应是一个近乎可逆的还原/氧化过程,峰电位差(ΔEp)120mV,并显示出良好的稳态伏安曲线.根据极化曲线算得该电极反应的异相电荷传递速率常数ks=9.8×10-3cm/s.此外,还研究了超氧自由基的氧化性和碱性,并对相关反应过程作了讨论.     

新型电流传感器-双拄碳纤维微电极

本文报道了双拄碳纤维微电极的研究及应用,分别用循环伏安法,计市电流法考察了该电极的性能,并用实验验证了双微电极的稳态电流理论公式,探讨了理论曲线与结果偏离的原因,采用发生一收集模式,提出间接测定维生素B~1的方法,并取得了满意的结果,维生素B~1的检测限为1.0×10^-^6mol.dm^-^3,线性范围为7.5 ×10^-^6-7.5×10^-^4mol.dm^-^3     

新型电流传感器-双拄碳纤维微电极

本文报道了双拄碳纤维微电极的研究及应用,分别用循环伏安法,计市电流法考察了该电极的性能,并用实验验证了双微电极的稳态电流理论公式,探讨了理论曲线与结果偏离的原因,采用发生一收集模式,提出间接测定维生素B~1的方法,并取得了满意的结果,维生素B~1的检测限为1.0×10^-^6mol.dm^-^3,线性范围为7.5 ×10^-^6-7.5×10^-^4mol.dm^-^3     

丙烯酸甲酯/4-丙烯酰胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶光共聚合体系的竞聚率和序列分布研究

以丙烯酸甲酯(MA,M1)和4-丙烯酰胺基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(AATP,M2)溶液光共聚合体系为研究对象,采用1H-NMR手段测定了MA/AATP共聚物的组成,用Mayo-Lewis积分法和扩展Kelen-Tüdos方法计算的竞聚率分别为0.88相似文献   

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Heterometallic Chain Coordination Polymer:{[Ni_2Mn_2L_2(CH_3CH_2OH)(H_2O)]·CH_3OH·2H_2O}_n

A chain-like coordination polymer with the chemical formula of {[Ni2Mn2L2(CH3CH2OH)-(H2O)]·CH3OH·2H2O}n has been synthesized by the assembly reaction of K2NiL·H2O and Mn(OAC)2·4H2O with a 1:1 mole ratio in methanol,where OAC-=CH3COO-and H4L=2-hydroxy-3-[(E)-({2-[(2-hydroxybenzoyl)imino]ethyl}imino)methyl]benzoic acid.The crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.It belongs to the triclinic system,space group P1,with a=9.9464(8),b=13.4718(11),c=14.3877(12),α=87.1930(10),β=85.4280(10),γ=74.6470(10)°,V=1852.4(3)3,Z=2,Dc=1.807g/cm3,Mr=1008.03,λ(MoKα)=0.71073,μ(MoKα)=1.794 mm-1,F(000)=1032,R=0.0527 and wR=0.1284(Ⅰ2σ(Ⅰ)).The compound exhibits a chain-like structure formed by dissymmetrical tetranuclear units.     

Relationship between the bond lengths in N-H...N,O-H...O,F-H...F,and Cl-H...Cl hydrogen bridges

The applicability of the equation $ e^{ - ((r_1 - r_0 )/b)^{5/3} } + e^{ - ((r_2 - r_0 )/b)^{5/3} } = 1 $ e^{ - ((r_1 - r_0 )/b)^{5/3} } + e^{ - ((r_2 - r_0 )/b)^{5/3} } = 1 has been studied. The equation defines the relationship between the experimental values of the covalent (r ₁) and hydrogen (r ₂) bond lengths in O-H...O bridges for describing the relation between the experimental interatomic distances in N-H...N bridges and the parameters of X-H...X fragments (X = O, N, F, Cl) calculated by the density functional method (B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p)) for neutral, positive, and negative molecular complexes. Here r ₀ is the mean value of the X-H bond length in free molecules; r _sym is the X...H distance in the symmetrical bridge; and b is the coefficient defined by the equation b = (r _sym − r ₀)/(ln2)^3/5. This equation allows us to adequately describe the relationships between bond lengths in nearly linear hydrogen bridges formed by oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, and chlorine atoms. It is thus universal and can be used in studies of a wide range of substances.     

Co-crystallization of Resorcin[4]arene Tetracarboxylic Acid with Triethylamine: Synthesis and Crystal Structure

Treatment of resorcin[4]arene tetracarboxylic acid 1 with triethylamine in the presence of Co(CH3COO)2·4H2O and 4,4'-bipyridine gave a co-crystallization 14-·4Et3NH+(C32H20O164-·4Et3NH+,Mr=1069.27) from ethanol and water.The compound was structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The crystal belongs to monoclinic,space group P21/n,with a=8.1763(18),b=12.913(3),c=28.724(7) ,β=97.574(4)o,V=3006.3(12) 3,Z=2,Dc=1.181 g/cm3,F(000)=1152,Rint=0.0275,T=293(2) K,μ=0.086 mm-1,the final R=0.0634 and wR=0.1752 for 5082 observed reflections with Ⅰ 2σ(Ⅰ).The co-crystallization is very stable at room temperature.Possibly,a network of N-H···O(=C) plays an important role in the structure.Meanwhile,the compound emits a weak cyan luminescence with peak maximum band at 458 nm.     

化合物Mo(CO)~n^+(n=1～6)构型和键离能的密度泛函研究

采用DFT/B3LYP方法研究了化合物Mo(CO)~n^+(n=1～6)的基态可能构型,对于各n值,基态可能构型(电子态)依次为：直线型(^6∑^+),直线型(^6∑~g^+),C~2~υ(^2A~2)或D~3~h(^6A~1),D~4~H(^4A~1~g),C~2~ν(^2B~2)或C~4~ν'(^2B~1),D~3~d(^2A~1~g)。计算结果表明,对于n≥3时,碎片离子的构型与体系自旋多重度关系敏感。进一步计算了Mo－CO键的逐级解离能,计算值与实验结果能较好吻合,并从Mo原子4d和5s轨道杂化角度来解释该键解离能随n值的非单调变化。     

An Organic-inorganic Hybrid Sandwich-type Arsenotungstate [H_2dap]_2H_2[Ni(dap)_2][Ni(dap)_2(H_2O)_2]- [Ni_4(H_2O)_2(B-α-As~VW_9O_(34))_2]·8H_2O

A new organic-inorganic hybrid sandwich-type arsenotungstate[H2dap]2H2[Ni(dap)2] [Ni(dap)2(H2O)2][Ni4(H2O)2(B-α-AsVW9O34)2]·8H2O 1 (dap = 1,2-diaminopropane) has been synthesized by the reaction of Na6[AsIII2W21O69(H2O)]·nH2O, NiCl2·6H2O and dap under hydro- thermal conditions and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermo- gravimetric analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 13.5133(19), b = 19.043(3), c = 17.647(2) , β = 102.585(2)°, V = 4432.0(11) 3, T = 296(2) K, Z = 2, μ = 25.350 mm–1, GOOF = 1.058, R = 0.0353 and wR = 0.0838. The molecular unit of 1 consists of two diprotonated [H2dap]2+ cations, two protons, one four-coordinate [Ni(dap)2]2+ cation, one six-coordinate [Ni(dap)2(H2O)2]2+ cation, one classic tetra-NiII substituted sandwich-type [Ni4(H2O)2(B-α-AsVW9O34)2]10– polyoxoanion and eight lattice water molecules. Furthermore, some reported different types of transition-metal substituted sandwich-type poly- oxoanions are summarized and compared.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of an Oxalato-bridged Dinickel(Ⅱ) Complex with Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals

A new oxalato-bridged dinickel(Ⅱ) complex [Ni2(NIT-MeImz)4(C2O4)](Ac)2·8H2O has been synthesized and characterized structurally as well as magnetically.It crystallizes in monoclinic,space group C2/c with a=24.608(4),b=21.399(3),c=17.992(3),β=131.680(2)°,V=7076(2)3,C50H86N16Ni2O24,Mr=1412.77,Z=4,Dc=1.326 g/cm3,μ(MoKα)=0.614 mm-1,F(000)=2984,R=0.0751 and wR=0.1791 for 2956 observed reflections with Ⅰ2σ(Ⅰ).X-ray analysis reveals that the crystal structure consists of [Ni2(NIT-MeImz)4(C2O4)]2+ moiety and two Ac-anions.Each nickel(Ⅱ) ion is six-coordinated with a distorted octahedral geometry:two nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms from NIT-MeImz together with two other oxygen atoms from the oxalato ion.The 2-D net structure is formed and arranged through intermolecular H-bonding interactions.Magnetic measurements show antiferromagnetic interactions for this complex.     

Synthesis,Structure and Electrochemical Property of a Supramolecular Compound（H2en）2[Cu（en）2（H3O）2][Mo8O28]

A supramolecular compound(H2en)2[Cu(en)2(H3O)2][Mo8O28](en=ethylenediamine) was hydrothermally prepared and confirmed by elemental analysis and TG analysis.Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the crystal crystallizes in the triclinic system,space group P1 with a=9.4635(4),b=9.8645(5),c=10.9794(5),α=69.2050(10),β=72.3730(10),γ=78.4510(10)o,Mr=1559.55,V=908.24(7)3,Z=1,Dc=2.851 g/m3,F(000)=749,μ=3.350 mm-1,S=1.000,the final R=0.0217 and wR=0.0567.The compound consists of(H2en)2+,[Mo8O28]8-anion and [Cu(en)2(H3O)2]2+ cations and constructs a 3D supramolecular structure through hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen atoms from en of [Cu(en)2(H3O)2]4+ fragments and the terminal oxygen atoms from the [Mo8O28]8-polyoxoanions.The electrochemical behavior of this compound has been studied in detail based on a solid bulk modified carbon paste electrode of compound(CPE).     

超分子化合物[Ni(C_6H_4O_2N)_2·(H_2O)_4]_n的水热合成及晶体结构

用皮考林酸和六水合氯化镍反应制备了一种三维氢键超分子配合物,经X射线衍射分析确定了单晶结构.该晶体属单斜晶系,P21/m空间群,晶胞参数为:a=0.976 0(2)nm,b=0.522 54(10)nm,c=1.450 1(3)nm,Mr=374.98,α=90.08(3)°,β=90.08(3)°,γ=90°,V=0.739 63(3)nm3,Z=2,ρ=1.684 g/cm3,F(000)=388,μ=1.357 mm-1,R=0.039 0,wR=0.090 8.共收集2 656个衍射数据,其中1 569个为独立衍射点(Rint=0.033 2),可观测点数1 382个(I>2σ(I)).结果表明,在组成该超分子体系的基本结构单元[N i(C6H4O2N)2.(H2O)4]中,N i(Ⅱ)离子形成六配位的稍拉长的八面体构型,配合物单元之间通过氢键相互连接,形成了无限延伸的具有网状结构的三维超分子体系.     

Template Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Hexaaza Macrocyclic Complexes with C-Methyl Substituents

1 INTRODUCTION Polyaza-macrocyclic compounds with functional substituents have been extensively investigated recen- tly because of their potential applications in radioac- tive therapy, recovery of metal ions, biomimetic che- mistry, and catalysis[1, 2]. With various structures and distinctive properties, they have become significant building blocks for further chemical studies[3～6]. As far as the preparation method is concerned, metal template condensation reactions are shown to be effec…