Manganese oxide nanoparticle-loaded porous carbon nanofibers as anode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

Mn-based oxide-loaded porous carbon nanofiber anodes, exhibiting large reversible capacity, excellent capacity retention, and good rate capability, are fabricated by carbonizing electrospun polymer/Mn(CH₃COO)₂ composite nanofibers without adding any polymer binder or electronic conductor. The excellent electrochemical performance of these organic/inorganic nanocomposites is a result of the unique combinative effects of nano-sized Mn-based oxides and carbon matrices as well as the highly-developed porous composite nanofiber structure, which make them promising anode candidates for high-performance rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.     

3D multicore-shell CoSn nanoboxes encapsulated in porous carbon as anode for lithium-ion batteries

Due to its high theoretical capacity and appropriate potential platform, tin-based alloy materials are expected to be a competitive candidate for the next-generation high performance anodes of lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the immense volume change during the lithium-ion insert process leads to severe disadvantages of structural damage and capacity fade, which limits its practical application. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) multicore-shell hollow nanobox encapsulated by carbon layer is obtained via a three-step method of hydrothermal reaction, annealing and alkali etching. During the electrochemical reactions, the CoSn@void@C nanoboxes provide internal space to compensate the volumetric change upon the lithiation of Sn, while the inactive component of Co acts as chemical buffers to withstand the anisotropic expansion of nanoparticles. Owing to the above-mentioned advantages, the elaborated anode delivers an excellent capacity of 788.2 mAh/g at 100 mA/g after 100 cycles and considerable capacity retention of 519.2 mAh/g even at a high current density of 1 A/g after 300 cycles. The superior stability and high performance indicate its capability as promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries.     

Nanosized anatase titanium dioxide loaded porous carbon nanofiber webs as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Nanosized anatase titanium dioxide loaded porous carbon nanofibers (TiO₂/PCNFs) were prepared from electrospun TiO(OAc)₂/PAN/PMMA composite precursor fibers with different amount of PMMA porogen, which were sequentially heat-treated in different environments. Electrochemical measurement results show that these as-prepared TiO₂/PCNFs present higher cyclic reversible capacity than the TiO₂/CNFs counterpart (without PMMA porogen in its precursor fibers). Among the as-prepared TiO₂/PCNFs samples, the representative TiO₂/PCNFs (the mass ratio of PAN to PMMA is 3:1) exhibits the best high-rate performance with a high stable capacity retention about 200 mAhg^{− 1} at a current density as high as 800 mAg^{− 1}. This novel TiO₂/PCNFs composite material opens up a promising application in high-power lithium-ion batteries.     

Magnetite/carbon core-shell nanorods as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Carbon coated magnetite (Fe₃O₄) core-shell nanorods were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using Fe₂O₃ nanorods as the precursor. Transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM) analysis indicated that a carbon layer was coated on the surfaces of the individual Fe₃O₄ nanorods. The electrochemical properties of Fe₃O₄/carbon nanorods as anodes in lithium-ion cells were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, ac impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge/discharge techniques. The as-prepared Fe₃O₄/C core-shell nanorods show an initial lithium storage capacity of 1120 mAh/g and a reversible capacity of 394 mAh/g after 100 cycles, demonstrating better performance than that of the commercial graphite anode material.     

Superior storage performance of carbon nanosprings as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Carbon nanosprings (CNSs) with spring diameter of ～140 nm, carbon ring diameter of ～100 nm and pitch distance of ～150 nm, synthesized by using a catalytic chemical vapor deposition technology, have been investigated for potential applicability in lithium batteries as anode materials. The electrochemical results demonstrate that the present CNSs are superior anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries with high-rate capabilities, as well as long-term cycling life. At a current density as high as 3 A g^?1, CNSs can still deliver a reversible capacity of 160 mA h g^?1, which is about six times larger than that of graphite and three times larger than that of multi-wall carbon nanotubes under the same current density. After hundreds of cycles, there is no significant capacity loss for CNSs at both low and high current densities. The much improved electrochemical performances could be attributed to the nanometer-sized building blocks as well as the unusual spring-like morphology.     

Pb-sandwiched nanoparticles as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

A sandwiched SiC@Pb@C nanocomposite was prepared through a simple ball-milling route and characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The SiC@Pb@C nanocomposite exhibits a much improved reversible capacity and cycling life as compared with a bare Pb anode. A reversible volumetric capacity of >1,586 mAh cm⁻³ (207 mAh g⁻¹) can be maintained after 600 cycles of charge and discharge in the potential interval between 0.005 and 1.0 V, which far exceeds those reported previously in the literature. The enhanced electrochemical performance is ascribed to the sandwiched structure in which nanosized Pb particles were anchored in between the rigid SiC core and the outer carbon shell, mitigating the damage done by the large volume change of the Pb interlayer during the alloying/dealloying process.     

An annular porous column (5) aromatics as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - A column (5) aromatic compound was synthesized and its energy storage behaviors are investigated. The obtained column (5) aromatics is mainly disordered...     

Silicon nanowires with and without carbon coating as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Silicon nanowires (Si NWs) with and without carbon coating were successfully prepared by combination of chemical vapor deposition and thermal evaporation method. The morphologies, structures, and compositions of these nanomaterials were characterized in detail. Furthermore, the electrochemical performances of uncoated and carbon-coated Si NWs as anode materials were also studied. It shows that the carbon-coated Si NWs electrode has higher capacity, better cycle stability, and rate capability than the uncoated materials. For example, it delivers 3,702 and 3,082 mAh g⁻¹ in the initial charge and discharge processes. When cycled between 0.02 and 2.0 V at a current density of 210 mA g⁻¹, it yields a high coulombic efficiency of 83.2%. The discharge capacity still remains around 2,150 mAh g⁻¹ after 30 cycles.     

Nano-sized carboxylates as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

Nano-sized caiboxylales Na2C7H3NO4 and Na2C6H2N2O4 were prepared and investigated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.Both carboxylates exhibit high reversible capacities around 190 mAh/g above a cut-off voltage of 0.8 V vs.Li＋/Li.potentially improving the safety of the batteries.In addition,good rate performance and long cycle life of these carboxylates make them promising candidates as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.     

SnO_2/corncob-derived activated carbon nanohybrid as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries

A facile synthesis of Sn O2/corncob-derived activated carbon(CAC) composite was proposed,and the CAC used here has high specific surface area(over 3000 m2/g) and ample oxygen-containing functional groups.The microstructures and morphology as well as electrochemical performance of the Sn O2/CAC composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and relevant electrochemical characterization. The results show that the mass ratios of Sn O2 to CAC have a significant effect on the structures and properties of the composites. The sample with 34% Sn O2 delivered a capacity of 879.8 m Ah/g in the first reversible cycle and maintained at 634.0 m Ah/g(72.1% retention of the initial reversible capacity) after 100 cycles at a current density of 200 m A/g. After 60 cycles at different specific currents from 200 to 2000 m A/g,the reversible specific capacity was still maintained at 632.8 m Ah/g at a current density of 200 m A/g. These results indicate that SnO 2/CAC can be a desirable alternative anode material for lithium ion batteries.     

Silicon nanotube anode for lithium-ion batteries

This work describes a promising strategy for large-scale fabrication of silicon (Si) nanotubes. The process began with preparation of silica nanotubes using rod-like NiN₂H₄ as a template and the resulting silica nanotubes were then converted to Si nanotubes by a thermal reduction process assisted with magnesium powder. The electrochemical properties of Si nanotubes were investigated as anode of lithium-ion batteries. It was demonstrated that the as-developed Si nanotubes showed significantly improved rate capability and long-term cycling performance compared with commercial silicon meshes.     

Lead–carbon hybrid ultracapacitors fabricated by using sulfur,nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide as anode material derived from spent lithium-ion batteries

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The electrochemical-grade natural graphite flake prices are increasing day by day. Reusing and recycling graphite materials from the spent lithium-ion...     

Facile conductive surface modification of Si nanoparticle with nitrogen-doped carbon layers for lithium-ion batteries

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Modified Si nanoparticles were investigated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The Si nanoparticle surfaces were modified with conductive,...     

Iron sulfide-embedded carbon microsphere anode material with high-rate performance for lithium-ion batteries

Iron sulfide-embedded carbon microspheres were prepared via a solvothermal process and show high specific capacity and excellent high-rate performance as anode material for lithium-ion batteries.     

Cycling parameters of MAG graphite as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Integrated analysis of the cycling parameters (reversible specific capacity, Coulomb efficiency, irreversible loss of cycle capacity, accumulated irreversible capacity, and retention of reversible capacity) of synthetic graphite of MAG brand as an active material for the negative electrode of lithium-ion batteries was made.     

Electrochemical performance of graphene nanosheets as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Graphene nanosheets (GNSs) were prepared from artificial graphite by oxidation, rapid expansion and ultrasonic treatment. The morphology, structure and electrochemical performance of GNSs as anode material for lithium-ion batteries were systematically investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a variety of electrochemical testing techniques. It was found that GNSs exhibited a relatively high reversible capacity of 672 mA h/g and fine cycle performance. The exchange current density of GNSs increased with the growth of cycle numbers exhibiting the peculiar electrochemical performance.     

Hexagonal hollow mesoporous TiO2/carbon composite as an advanced anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Exploring the fast-charge anodes is crucial to meet the needs of lithium-ion battery (LIB) markets. Here, a hollow hexagonal mesoporous TiO2/carbon...     

Cerium vanadate/carbon nanotube hybrid composite nanostructures as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries

The pristine CeVO4 and CeVO4/CNT hybrid composite nanostructured samples were facilely synthesized using a simple silicone oil-bath method.From the X-ray diffra...     

Design of porous Co3O4 nanosheets via one-step synthesis as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - The morphology of Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework is affected by the molar ratio of 2-methylimidazole and Co2+ used during the synthesis. In this...