聚中性红/纳米二氧化硅复合修饰电极直接测定抗坏血酸

用滴涂法和电化学聚合法制备了聚中性红/纳米二氧化硅修饰电极(PNR/nano-SiO2/GCE),并用循环伏安法和交流阻抗法研究了修饰电极表面的电化学行为。实验表明,该修饰电极对抗坏血酸(AA)表现出良好的电催化氧化性能,探讨了复合修饰电极协同增效作用的机理。用线性扫描伏安法研究了AA浓度与峰电流之间线性关系,在pH2.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,AA氧化峰电流在1.8×10-6～5.0×10-3mol/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为5.4×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)。该修饰电极制备简单,可用于药品及果蔬食品中抗坏血酸的直接测定。     

聚对氨基苯磺酸修饰电极测定尿酸

利用循环伏安法制备了聚对氨基苯磺酸修饰电极, 研究了尿酸在该修饰电极上的电化学行为. 结果表明, 该电极对尿酸有较强的电催化作用, 并对抗坏血酸有较强的抗干扰能力. 在pH 5.6的乙酸盐缓冲溶液中, 用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法在该电极上测定了尿酸, 其线性范围分别为1.0×10-5～2.0×10-4 mol/L和4.0×10-7～1.0×10-5 mol/L, 检出限分别为6.0×10-6 mol/L和1.0×10-7 mol/L. 已用于尿液中尿酸的测定.     

一种基于乙炔黑/壳聚糖膜修饰电极的对氨基酚传感研究

制备了一种乙炔黑/壳聚糖薄膜修饰的玻碳电极,用循环伏安法详细研究了对氨基酚在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明: 对氨基酚在此膜修饰电极上呈现出一对可逆的氧化还原峰.相对于裸玻碳电极,该氧化还原峰的峰电流明显提高,峰电位差减小,可逆性变好,表明乙炔黑/壳聚糖薄膜电极对对氨基酚的电化学氧化具有良好的催化作用.对氨基酚的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-7～2.0×10-6 mol/L和2 0×10-6～5.0×10-4 mol/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系; 检出限为5.0×10-8 mol/L(S/N=3).应用此修饰电极测定实际水样,结果较满意.     

Nafion-离子液体-修饰碳糊电极在抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下选择性测定多巴胺

用Nafion和亲水性离子液体溴化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑([OMIM]Br)作修饰剂制作了Nafion-离子液体-修饰碳糊电极;在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 7.40)中,用循环伏安法(CV)和方波伏安法(SWV)研究了多巴胺在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下选择性测定多巴胺的新方法.研究表明,该修饰电极降低了多巴胺氧化、还原反应的过电位,增大了其氧化、还原反应的峰电流,而抗坏血酸和尿酸在该修饰电极上无响应;在方波伏安曲线上,多巴胺的氧化电流与其浓度在3.0×10-8～2.0×10-6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-8 mol/L.该法可用于注射液和模拟生物样品中多巴胺的测定.     

芦丁修饰电极研究多巴胺的电化学响应

通过循环伏安法(CV)制备了芦丁修饰电极,研究多巴胺(DA)在修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,芦丁修饰膜对DA的氧化有明显的催化作用,并且可以消除抗坏血酸(AA)对DA测定的干扰.DA的浓度在1.0×10-7～9.5×10-6 mol/L范围内与其氧化峰电流呈线性关系,相关系数为0.9996,检出限为1.0×10-8 mol/L.将该修饰电极用于注射液样品中DA的测定,结果表明该修饰电极可用于实际样品分析.     

食用靛蓝修饰电极的电化学性质及分析应用

用循环伏安(CV)法,在玻碳电极上电沉积制备食用靛蓝(IC)修饰电极,研究了IC活性膜的电化学性质。在pH 2.30的磷酸盐缓冲液中,IC在修饰电极上的电化学行为符合可逆过程的特征,且电子传递过程受表面过程控制。求得IC活性膜在电极表面的电子传递系数为0.57,电荷转移速率常数为1.97s-1。研究了抗坏血酸(AA)和尿酸(UA)在该电极上的电化学行为,该电极显著降低了AA和UA的氧化过电位,对两者有较好的电催化活性。差分脉冲伏安(DPV)实验表明AA、UA氧化峰电流与浓度分别在1.0×10-3～1.0×10-2mol/L和5.0×10-5～8.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈线性关系,而且AA和UA在IC修饰电极上氧化峰电位差ΔEp为0.23V,可实现两种物质的同时检测。     

NO2-在CTMAB-碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

制备了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-多壁碳纳米管修饰电极.用循环伏安法和示差脉冲伏安法研究了NO2 -在该修饰上的电化学行为,该修饰电极对NO2 -的氧化具有良好的电催化能力,NO2 -的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.67×10-7 ～2.2×10 -5mol/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检测限为5.6×10-8mol/L(S/N=...     

抗坏血酸在石墨烯/聚苯胺复合膜修饰电极上的电化学行为

通过原位聚合的方法制备石墨烯/聚苯胺复合物,并将其滴涂于玻碳电极表面,得到石墨烯/聚苯胺复合膜修饰电极。采用循环伏安法研究了抗坏血酸在石墨烯/聚苯胺复合膜修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,在pH=3.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,抗坏血酸在该修饰电极上出现一个明显的氧化峰,氧化峰电流与其浓度在5.0×10-7~1.0×10-3 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.9×10-7 mol/L。该修饰电极可以用于维生素C片中痕量抗坏血酸的测定,加标回收率为97.5%~105%。     

氟嗪酸在碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为及含量的测定

在玻碳电极上制备了多壁碳纳米管/Nafion(MWNTs-Nafion)膜,用交流阻抗谱(EIS)、循环伏安法(CV)、线性扫描伏安法(LSV)研究了氟嗪酸在该膜上的电化学行为。与裸玻碳电极相比,这种纳米结构膜修饰的电极对氟嗪酸的电化学氧化显现出极好的促进作用,氟嗪酸的氧化峰电流明显增强,在修饰电极上于 0.97 V处产生了1个灵敏氧化峰。LSV测定氟嗪酸的线性范围为1.0×10-8～1.0×10-6mol/L和1.0×10-6～2.0×10-5mol/L,开路富集400 s后,检出限为8.0×10-9mol/L(3倍信噪比),方法可用于人尿中氟嗪酸的实时测定。     

聚磺胺嘧啶修饰电极伏安法测定对乙酰氨基酚

利用循环伏安法制备了聚磺胺嘧啶修饰电极, 研究了对乙酰氨基酚在该修饰电极上的电化学行为. 该电极对对乙酰氨基酚有较强的电催化作用. 在pH 9.0的PBS缓冲溶液中, 用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法在该电极上测定了对乙酰氨基酚, 其线性范围分别为4.0×10-6～3.0×10-4 mol/L和2.0×10-7～1.0×10-5 mol/L, 检出限分别为9.0×10-7 mol/L和8.0×10-8 mol/L.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。