顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定卷烟包装材料中残留溶剂

提出了顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定卷烟包装材料中常用溶剂的方法。为使固相微萃取达到更高的效率,选用75μm CAR/PDMS的固相微萃取头,萃取温度及时间为100℃和40min,解吸温度及时间为200℃和10min。用DB-1石英毛细管色谱柱分离,火焰离子化检测器检测。方法的加标回收率在79%～92%之间,相对标准偏...     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定匹伐他汀钙原料药中6种溶剂残留北大核心CSCD

将样品用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶解配制成100g·L-1的样品溶液,取样品溶液10mL置于顶空瓶中,于40℃水浴加热5min后,进行固相微萃取,采用聚二甲基硅氧烷萃取头,萃取温度为40℃,吸附时间和脱附时间分别为30,10s。甲醇、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、乙腈、甲苯在SE-54毛细管色谱柱上分离,采用火焰离子化检测器。上述6种溶剂的峰面积与其质量浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在1.0~2.3mg·L-1之间。加标回收率在95.8%~104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=8)小于9.0%。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中四乙基铅

提出了顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中四乙基铅含量的方法。为使固相微萃取达到更高的效率,选用聚二甲基硅氧烷填料(PDMS)作为微萃取的涂层,萃取温度及时间为60℃和30min。用DB-5色谱柱分离,用电子捕获检测器检测。四乙基铅的质量浓度在0.05～20.0μg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.02μg·L-1。以水样为基体,在3种浓度水平下进行加标回收试验,回收率在87.0%～90.1%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在3.7%～4.2%之间。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定粉状大豆磷脂的丙酮残留

固相微萃取技术(SPME)作为一种样品预处理方法已在食品溶剂残留检测中得到了广泛的应用。大豆磷脂是一种保健品,广泛地应用在食品与医药领域。在我国．粉状大豆磷脂在加工过程中采用丙酮提取杂质。磷脂中丙酮残留不利于人体健康。目前,我国粉状磷酯产品尚无统一的测定方法和溶剂残留标准,大多生产厂家需借鉴国外的     

顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水蜜桃中有机氯农药

应用顶空-固相微萃取分离、富集,气相色谱法测定了水蜜桃中11种有机氯农药。称取匀浆后的果浆样品5.000g,加水15mL稀释。取此样品溶液2.00mL置于12mL安瓿瓶中,加入氯化钠1.0g,放入搅拌子后将瓶盖紧,置于70℃水浴中。将聚二甲基硅氧烷萃取头插入瓶中,置于离试样液面1.0cm的顶空处,在600r·min-1搅拌速率下萃取30min。萃取完成后,将萃取头从瓶中抽出并直接插入色谱仪的进样口,热解吸5min。被测组分随载气进入SE-54石英毛细管柱进行分离,用电子捕获检测器检测。11种有机氯农药在一定浓度范围内与相应峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在1.33~42.3ng·kg-1之间。对方法的回收率和重复性进行试验,测得回收率在90.6%~112%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于10%。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定废水中挥发性脂肪酸

提出了顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定废水中挥发性脂肪酸(乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸和己酸)的含量。为使固相微萃取达到更高的效率,选择极性85μm PA作为微萃取头的涂层,微萃取系在pH 1.5的试液中进行,萃取温度及时间为25℃和20 min,在20 mL试样溶液中加入氯化钠3.5 g作为盐析剂。用Stabilwax-DA毛细管色谱柱分离,火焰离子检测器检测。6种脂肪酸在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,相对标准偏差(n=10)均小于10.0%。     

顶空-气相色谱法测定食用植物油中溶剂残留的方法研究

建立顶空-气相色谱法测定食用植物油中六号溶剂残留量的分析方法.通过优化顶空进样器的平衡温度和平衡时间,使六号溶剂的主要组分完全分离,采用外标法进行定量.在2.0~100.0 mg/kg质量分数范围内,线性关系良好.在低、中、高3个加标水平下,平均回收率是98.2%~99.2%,相对标准偏差是小于2%.方法简便、准确,适合于食用植物油中六号溶剂残留量的测定.     

顶空-气相色谱法测定醋氯芬酸中的残留溶剂

建立了采用顶空-气相色谱法(HS-GC)测定醋氯芬酸中残留溶剂的方法.试验条件:以DB-624(30 m×0.32 mm,1.8μm)为色谱柱,使用氢火焰离子化检测器(FID),柱温为程序升温,顶空平衡温度80℃,平衡时间30 min.结果表明,异丁烯、甲醇、乙酸甲酯和叔丁醇可有效分离,检测限分别为0.013、0.72...     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定橙汁中残留有机氯杀虫剂

自制碳纳米管涂层萃取探头,顶空目相微萃取-气相色谱法测定橙汁中有机氯杀虫剂六六六和滴滴涕,优化了影响萃取效率的因素：萃取时间和温度、离子强度、有机溶剂、顶空体积、pH和样品的稀释度等。在0．05～6．0μg·L^-1范围内呈线性关系,方法的检出限在0．003～0．022μg·L^-1之间。该方法用于橙汁样品的测定,对不同的杀虫剂,加标回收率为71．0％～131．0％,相对标准偏差小于10％。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定辣椒根系分泌物中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

用顶空固相微萃取法提取样品中5种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(PAEs),用气相色谱法测定其含量。移取水栽培法培育辣椒的营养液10mL,置于顶空瓶中,进行固相微萃取到达要求的时间后,将萃取头迅速插入色谱仪进样口进行解吸。选用65μm PDMS/DVB纤维头作为微萃取头,并在下述条件下进行固相微萃取:①萃取时间及温度:50min,80℃;②样品体积:10mL;③搅拌速率:1 000r·min-1;④样品溶液的离子强度:氯化钠加入量达18%;⑤溶液的酸度:近中性,样品溶液的原始酸度(pH 6.5~7.2)正符合此要求;⑥解吸温度和时间:250℃,10min。结果表明:5种PAEs的线性范围均在0.2~10mg·L-1之间,检出限(3S/N)均小于0.12mg·L-1。方法的回收率在83.4%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于9%。     

顶空气相色谱法测定盐酸托莫西汀中有机溶剂残留量的研究

建立了盐酸托莫西汀中有机溶剂残留量的顶空气相色谱分析方法.选用大口径HP-快速GC残留溶剂柱为分离柱,FID为检测器,外标法进行定量,并对顶空平衡温度、平衡时间、供试品溶液的制备方法对残留有机溶剂测定的影响进行了研究.甲醇、乙醚、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃的线性范围分别为 0.41～8.10 μg/mL(r=0.9999)、0.15～3.00 μg/mL(r=0.9995)、0.20～4.01 μg/mL(r=0.9991)、0.32～6.35 μg/mL(r=0.9999)、0.36～7.11 μg/mL(r=0.9999);平均回收率范围96.30%～105.47%,精密度RSD(n=6)2.1%～3.7%;检出限分别为0.2、0.008、0.003、0.04、0.04 μg/mL.     

顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定茶多酚中有机溶剂的残留量

建立了顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定茶多酚中正己烷、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和丙酮4种有机溶剂残留量的方法.并讨论了平衡温度、平衡时间、盐效应对测定的影响.分析结果表明:该方法对上述4种有机溶剂均达到了完全分离,相关系数为0.994～0.999,检出限范围为0.065～0.268 μg/g,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.39%～2.13%,样品的回收率为90.9%～105.3%.     

Multiple headspace single-drop microextraction coupled with gas chromatography for direct determination of residual solvents in solid drug product

This paper proposed a multiple headspace single-drop microextraction (MHS-SDME) method coupled to gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) for direct determination of residual solvents in solid drug product. The MHS-SDME technique is based on extrapolation to an exhaustive extraction of consecutive extractions from the same sample which eliminates the matrix effect on the quantitative analysis of solid samples. The total peak area of analyte is calculated with a beta constant which can be obtained from the slope of the linear regression that related to the peak area of each extraction and the number of extraction times. In this work, a model drug powder was chosen and the amounts of residues of two solvents, methanol and ethanol, were investigated. The factors influencing the extraction process including extraction solvent, microdrop volume, extraction time, sample amount, thermostatting temperature and incubation time were studied. 10 mg of drug powder was incubated for 3 h at 140 °C prior to the first extraction and thermostatted for 15 min at 140 °C between each extraction. Extraction was carried out with 2 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the microdrop for 5 min. The features of the method were established using standard solutions. Validation of the proposed method showed good agreement with the traditional dissolution method for analysis of residual solvents in drug product. The results indicated that MHS-SDME has a great potential for the quantitative determination of residual solvents directly from the solid drug products due to its low cost, ease of operation, sensitivity, reliability and environmental protection.     

Unknown residual solvents identification in drug products by headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Summary A sensitive headspace SPME method for the extraction of residual solvents from pharmaceutical products has been developed and optimized. It was found that minimizing sample and headspace volume has a beneficial effect on extraction efficiency. At the same time the method reproducibility was seriously affected by reducing sample and headspace volume. The added air volume was not found to have any significant influence on method sensitivity. The method showed reproducibilities of less than 10% and detection limits as low as 1 ppb for benzene and dichloromethane. The headspace SPME method is around 1000 times more sensitive than static headspace. The optimized parameters were headspace volume 1.5 mL, sample volume 10 μL, and extraction time 30 min. The method was successfully applied to the identification of unknown residual solvents in three different proprietary active drug substances and was successfully applied to the confirmation of the presence of benzene in a proprietary drug substance. Presented at Balaton Symposium '01 on High-Performance Separation Methods, Siófok, Hungary, September 2–4, 2001     

自动顶空衍生化固相微萃取法测定啤酒中的老化醛类化合物

采用邻-五氟苯甲基羟胺(PFBOA)衍生,顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)测定啤酒中2-甲基丁醛、3-甲基丁醛、反-2-壬烯醛等8种老化醛类化合物.顶空固相微萃取采用65 μm PDMS/DVB纤维,先用纤维吸附PFBOA溶液,再将纤维插入装有2 mL啤酒的20 mL顶空进样瓶的顶空中在60 ℃萃取60 min,衍生和萃取都在自动进样器中进行.采用GC-MS检测,特征离子为m/z 181.8种羰基化合物在0.2～500 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数在0.990以上.检测样品的相对标准偏差为1.0%～15.7%,回收率为88%～103%.同时研究并讨论了萃取纤维、萃取温度、萃取时间、样品体积等因素对醛类萃取量的影响.该方法可用于啤酒保鲜期研究和产品质量控制.     

Determination of aliphatic amines in water by gas chromatography using headspace solvent microextraction

The possibility of applying headspace microextraction into a single drop for the determination of amines in aqueous solutions is demonstrated. A 1 μl drop of benzyl alcohol containing 2-butanone as an internal standard was suspended from the tip of a micro syringe needle over the headspace of stirred sample solutions for extraction. The drop was then injected directly into a GC. The total chromatographic determination was less than 10 min. Optimization of experimental conditions (sampling time, sampling temperature, stirring rate, ionic strength of the solution, concentration of reagents, time of extraction and organic drop volume) with respect to the extraction efficiency were investigated and the linear range and the precision were also examined. Calibration curves yielded good linearity and concentrations down to 2.5 ng ml⁻¹ were detectable with R.S.D. values ranging from 6.0 to 12.0%. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of amines in tap and river water samples. This system represents an inexpensive, fast, simple and precise sample cleanup and preconcentration method for the determination of volatile organic compounds at trace levels.     

Determination of pyrimethanil and kresoxim-methyl in soils by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A method using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) then gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring (GC–MS, SIM) has been developed for determination of trace amounts of the fungicides pyrimethanil and kresoxim-methyl in soil and humic materials. Both fungicides were extracted on to a fused-silica fibre coated with 85 m polyacrylate (PA). Response-surface methodology was used to optimise the experimental conditions. For soil samples the linear dynamic range of application was 0.004–1.000 g g^–1 for pyrimethanil and 0.013–1.000 g g^–1 for kresoxim-methyl. The detection limits were 0.001 g g^–1 and 0.004 g g^–1 for pyrimethanil and kresoxim-methyl, respectively. HP-SPME–GC–MS analysis was highly reproducible—relative standard deviations (RSD) were between 6.7 and 12.2%. The method was validated by analysis of spiked matrix samples and used to investigate the presence of pyrimethanil and kresoxim-methyl above the detection limits in soil and humic materials.     

Determination of mono- to octachlorobiphenyls in fish oil using florisil adsorption followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection

A simple and reliable method for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from mono- to octachlorobiphenyls in fish oil for dietary supplement is described. The method combines Florisil clean up and headspace solid-phase microextraction on 65 microm polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS-DVB). Analyte detection was carried out using GC-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). Fifty three PCB congeners including the seven indicator PCBs (IUPAC Nos. 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) were analyzed. Under optimal conditions, the method detection limit (MDL) of each congener in the range from 0.8 to 31 ng/g was found. A certified reference material (BCR-349) was analyzed and it showed good agreement with the certified data.     

Simple extraction of phencyclidine from human body fluids by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME)

Summary Phencyclidine (PCP) was found to be extractable by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) from human whole blood and urine. Sample solutions were heated at 90°C in the presence of NaOH and K₂CO₃, and an SPME fiber was exposed in the headspace of a vial for 30 min. Immediately after withdrawal of the fiber, it was analyzed by gas chromatography with surface ionization detection (GC-SID). Recoveries of PCP were approximately 9.3–10.8% and 39.8–47.8% for whole blood and urine samples, respectively. The calibration curve for PCP showed good linearity in the range 2.5–100 ng mL^–1 whole blood and 0.5–100 ng mL^–1 urine. The detection limits were approximately 1.0 ng mL^–1 for whole blood and 0.25 ng mL^–1 for urine.     

A critical review of vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction for environmental analysis

Vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction (Vac-HSSPME) is an emerging analytical technique, which further advances HSSPME by providing lower detection limits of analytes with poor volatility at shorter extraction times. This review discusses the theoretical aspects and possibilities of the Vac-HSSPME technique for analysis of environmental samples. Optimization of key parameters, currently available equipment and methods for quantification of organic pollutants in water and soil are considered. Key problems and limitations of the technique are discussed along with possible approaches for its future development. The technique has a well-developed theory, which could be used for modeling of the extraction process, faster method development, and optimization. Wider application of the technique is limited by the lack of automation, which, however, seems possible to develop and implement by manufacturers of commercial multi-purpose autosamplers for gas chromatography instruments. It has been shown that Vac-HSSPME allows decreasing cross-contamination of samples from the laboratory air, which is advantageous for identification and quantification of trace environmental pollutants. Simple equipment for the technique makes it possible to apply for on-site sample preparation and analysis of environmental samples.