多级多通道气体开关的实验研究

介绍了多级多通道气体开关的实验研究工作。开关在电脉冲触发（触发脉冲幅值85 kV）条件下,工作电压在1.0～2.0 MV范围内能够正常工作。自击穿实验验证了Bradley经验公式对于这种开关的适用性,外触发实验研究得到了开关的触发特性。结果表明：开关击穿延时小于100 ns,抖动小于8 ns;3个开关击穿时刻之间的极差小于10 ns。     

多级多通道气体开关的实验研究

 介绍了多级多通道气体开关的实验研究工作。开关在电脉冲触发（触发脉冲幅值85 kV）条件下,工作电压在1.0～2.0 MV范围内能够正常工作。自击穿实验验证了Bradley经验公式对于这种开关的适用性,外触发实验研究得到了开关的触发特性。结果表明：开关击穿延时小于100 ns,抖动小于8 ns;3个开关击穿时刻之间的极差小于10 ns。     

等离子体喷射触发气体开关多通道放电特性

为了能够形成稳定的多通道放电,研制了一种等离子体喷射触发气体开关。在触发电极的内部嵌入多个微型激励腔以形成多通道等离子体喷射,从而在主间隙中诱导多通道放电。研究了触发电路连接方式、触发能量和极性对多通道等离子体喷射的影响,比较了开关在两种工作模式下各间隙放电通道数量随工作系数的变化规律。实验结果表明：采用触发电路II连接方式,触发电极的多通道放电效果更好;高触发能量、负极性和低气压条件有利于形成多通道等离子体喷射;当开关运行在工作模式Ⅱ,且在较高工作系数时,具有更好的多通道放电特性。     

同轴场畸变气体火花开关的多通道放电特性

设计了一种同轴场畸变气体火花开关,在开关仅受触发脉冲作用和开关内外电极分别连接正负充电电容两种条件下,实验研究了触发脉冲峰值对开关间隙在氮气中的放电通道数的影响,比较了两种条件下的放电通道数。开关仅受触发脉冲作用时,放电通道承载电流较小;开关内外电极分别连接充电电容,触发脉冲施加于开关触发极时,放电通道承载电流较大。实验结果表明:仅受触发脉冲作用时,开关内间隙的平均通道数随着触发脉冲峰值增加而显著增加;开关电极连接电容的情况下,随着触发脉冲峰值增加,开关内间隙的平均通道数增加,外间隙的平均通道数减小;相近的过电压倍数下,开关电极连接电容情况下的平均通道数明显小于开关仅受触发脉冲作用情况下的平均通道数。     

Delayed breakdown diode and its optimal design for solid state picosecond closing switch

We study a Si-based diode with a p⁺nn⁺ structure for picosecond semiconductor closing switch and discuss the physical process, which underlies the operation principle of high-power closing switch based on a delayed breakdown diode (DBD). From the results of numerical simulations and theoretical analysis, single device has demonstrated reliable operation at 2.3 kV, 89 ps risetime, and high output dV/dt(30 kV/ns). As a contribution to the optimal design, some conclusions about trade-off are drawn by changing structure parameters and physical parameters.     

同轴场畸变气体火花开关的多通道放电特性

设计了一种同轴场畸变气体火花开关,在开关仅受触发脉冲作用和开关内外电极分别连接正负充电电容两种条件下,实验研究了触发脉冲峰值对开关间隙在氮气中的放电通道数的影响,比较了两种条件下的放电通道数。开关仅受触发脉冲作用时,放电通道承载电流较小;开关内外电极分别连接充电电容,触发脉冲施加于开关触发极时,放电通道承载电流较大。实验结果表明：仅受触发脉冲作用时,开关内间隙的平均通道数随着触发脉冲峰值增加而显著增加;开关电极连接电容的情况下,随着触发脉冲峰值增加,开关内间隙的平均通道数增加,外间隙的平均通道数减小;相近的过电压倍数下,开关电极连接电容情况下的平均通道数明显小于开关仅受触发脉冲作用情况下的平均通道数。     

一种同轴低电感低抖动多级多通道气体开关

 研制了一种触发电极位于放电通道之外、间隙电极为环状不锈钢弹簧的同轴多级多通道气体开关。该开关通过分布电容耦合实现触发，利用多间隙串联减小抖动，利用弹簧不同匝之间电感隔离形成多通道放电。实验表明：该开关触发可靠、电感低（～20nH）、抖动小（～3ns）、触发特性稳定。     

一种同轴低电感低抖动多级多通道气体开关

研制了一种触发电极位于放电通道之外、间隙电极为环状不锈钢弹簧的同轴多级多通道气体开关。该开关通过分布电容耦合实现触发,利用多间隙串联减小抖动,利用弹簧不同匝之间电感隔离形成多通道放电。实验表明：该开关触发可靠、电感低（～20nH）、抖动小（～3ns）、触发特性稳定。     

Closing/opening switch for inductive energy storage applications

A magnetically delayed vacuum switch operating sequentially in a closing mode and then in an opening mode enables the design of a compact electron-beam generator based on an inductive energy store and having only a single switch. Furthermore, the system can be entirely vacuum insulated, with no power feedthrough requiring low inductance or operating at high-impulse voltage levels. Feasibility of the unique power-switching configuration has been explored theoretically, experimentally, and computationally. In a proof-of-principle experiment, a voltage impulse twice the magnitude of the DC charge voltage was observed at a power level of 20 MW. A computational model of the experiment produced results consistent with the experiment, and furthermore, predicted the possibility of achieving much higher power levels in an optimally configured system     

Multichannel effective range approach to low energy nucleon-antinucleon interactions

MultichannelM-matrix method is applied to an N¯N-system with taking into account elasticp¯ p-scattering, charge-exchangep¯ p → n¯ n reaction andp¯ p annihilation. The isospin breaking in theM-matrix is discussed. We describe the differential and total cross-sections forp¯ p → p¯ p andp¯ p → n¯ n processes, cross-section σ_tot(p¯ p) and the real-to-imaginary ratio of the forward amplitude of elasticp¯ p scattering. The fitting leads to bound state in thep-wave near thep¯ p-threshold, which elucidates a significant role of this wave at small energies.     

Electric-discharge lasers pumped by capacitive and inductive energy stores

This paper describes pulsed lasers pumped with a transverse discharge powered by generators with capacitive and inductive energy stores. These lasers make it possible to obtain lasing in the vuv, visible, and ir spectral regions with a radiation energy of several joules. They are original in design, reliable in operation, and have a variety of applications in research and technology. Institute of High Current Electronics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Izvesatiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 78–81, August, 1999.     

Multichannel pipette scanning colorimeter for analyzing the content of hazardous chemicals in water

A prototype of a multichannel pipette scanning colorimeter for determining the content of certain hazardous chemicals in water selected from the list presented in the Russian Federation Hygienic Regulations GN 2.1.5.1315-03 was designed and manufactured. The colorimeter consists of test-slides, a matrix electronic multichannel pipette, color scales, and slide-scanner. The test slide has 16 reagent test strips intended for detection of 16 different contaminants in water:NH ₄ ⁺ , Al(III), Fe(III), Cu(II), As(III), petrochemicals, NO ₂ ^? ,NO ₃ ^? , SO ₄ ^2? , S^2?, Cl^?, phenols, Zn(II), anionic surfactants, Pb(II), etc. Color scales were obtained by measuring the L*a*b* color space coordinates of test strips using a Plustek OpticFilm 7600i Ai slide scanner, a specially developed software, and Adobe Photoshop v.12.0.4. Digitizing the color of the test strip was carried out after the chromogenic chemical reaction between the test reagent and the pollutant in aqueous solutions of graded concentrations. The multichannel pipette scanning colorimeter passed preliminary tests, during which the concentrations of pollutants in water within ranges close to the maximum permissible concentrations specified by the RF hygienic and fishery water regulations. The errors in concentration measurements using the colorimeter designed meet the requirements of the State Standard GOST 27384-2002 (??Water: Rated Errors of Measurements of Compositions and Properties??).     

Multichannel energy analysis of the ion flux from a theta pinch

The ion flux parallel to the axis of a linear theta pinch (p ₀=10–30 μ D₂) is analyzed by a new 10-channel energy spectrometer (E=1–10keV). Time resolved energy spectra were measured in each single discharge. It can be shown experimentally that neutral gas, electrons and magnetic fields considerably influence the flux distribution. The measured energy spectra (E≦15 keV) are broad and have no ion groups. At 10 μ D₂ dn/dE is proportional to exp {?E/ē} forE≧3 keV, whereē≈1 keV. For 10, 20 and 30 μ D₂ ē is about equal to thekT deduced from the neutron flux. The time developments of the neutron and ion fluxes (in the range 1–10 keV) are correlated. For the initial phase of the discharge the measuring results are incompatible with relaxation by Coulomb collisions. It seems rather, that there is anomalously fast relaxation due to a microinstability. After the anomalous relaxation the end losses, particularly of the slower ions, continue as a result of Coulomb collisions. This produces increasing distortion of theE-distribution with smallE, which leads to a second microinstability with loss of energetic ions in particular (probably a loss-cone type).     

同轴-三平板型水介质脉冲输出开关实验研究

设计了用于脉冲功率装置的4 MV水介质同轴 三平板型输出开关。该脉冲功率装置将由24路相同的独立模块组成,每路模块由Marx发生器、中间储能器、激光触发气体开关、脉冲形成线、水介质脉冲输出开关、脉冲传输线等组成。水介质脉冲输出开关是同轴 三平板结构水介质多通道自击穿开关,由输入输出电极、预脉冲屏蔽板和连接部件组成。进行了有预脉冲屏蔽板结构和无预脉冲屏蔽板结构的自击穿水开关实验研究。有预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关的输入、输出电极都是半球电极,直径分别是8 cm和5 cm;无预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关为针 板结构,输入电极为平板电极,输出电极为直径3 cm的电极棒。Marx发生器充电70 kV,开关的击穿电压为3 MV,放电电流为450 kA。在3 MV等级的击穿电压下,有预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关的抖动约6 ns,没有预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关的抖动减小至3 ns。     

水介质自击穿开关放电参数测试

在“闪光-Ⅱ”装置上进行了1 MV同轴型水介质多针自击穿开关实验研究。开关击穿电压1～1.5 MV,开关总电流200～550 kA,电脉冲的脉宽约150 ns,上升前沿约60 ns。每个开关间隙的放电电流和输入输出电压分别用Rogowski线圈和CuSO4水电阻分压器测试。介绍了分压器的设计和标定,分析了产生误差的原因。针对类似测试,提出几点完善措施：测试电流线圈要密封隔水;水电阻分压器的第1级分压的分压比不能过大;调节CuSO4溶液的浓度,使水电阻的阻值满足频率响应的要求;注意分压器的放置方式;分压器和电流线圈的输出电压设计要适中。     

同轴-三平板型水介质脉冲输出开关实验研究

 设计了用于脉冲功率装置的4 MV水介质同轴 三平板型输出开关。该脉冲功率装置将由24路相同的独立模块组成，每路模块由Marx发生器、中间储能器、激光触发气体开关、脉冲形成线、水介质脉冲输出开关、脉冲传输线等组成。水介质脉冲输出开关是同轴 三平板结构水介质多通道自击穿开关，由输入输出电极、预脉冲屏蔽板和连接部件组成。进行了有预脉冲屏蔽板结构和无预脉冲屏蔽板结构的自击穿水开关实验研究。有预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关的输入、输出电极都是半球电极，直径分别是8 cm和5 cm；无预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关为针 板结构，输入电极为平板电极，输出电极为直径3 cm的电极棒。Marx发生器充电70 kV，开关的击穿电压为3 MV，放电电流为450 kA。在3 MV等级的击穿电压下，有预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关的抖动约6 ns，没有预脉冲屏蔽板结构开关的抖动减小至3 ns。     

水介质自击穿开关放电参数测试

 在“闪光-Ⅱ”装置上进行了1 MV同轴型水介质多针自击穿开关实验研究。开关击穿电压1～1.5 MV,开关总电流200～550 kA,电脉冲的脉宽约150 ns,上升前沿约60 ns。每个开关间隙的放电电流和输入输出电压分别用Rogowski线圈和CuSO4水电阻分压器测试。介绍了分压器的设计和标定,分析了产生误差的原因。针对类似测试,提出几点完善措施：测试电流线圈要密封隔水;水电阻分压器的第1级分压的分压比不能过大;调节CuSO4溶液的浓度,使水电阻的阻值满足频率响应的要求;注意分压器的放置方式;分压器和电流线圈的输出电压设计要适中。     

多通道自击穿水开关测试方法研究

 在西北核技术研究所的“闪光-Ⅱ”装置上进行了水介质多针自击穿开关实验研究,该开关由2个或4个开关间隙、1个预脉冲屏蔽板及其支撑结构组成。给出了实验研究所使用的测试方法及波形分析方法(两个判据)。开关输入预脉冲较大时,可以认为开关输出波形的预脉冲作用时间就是开关的击穿延迟时间,故可以利用波形的预脉冲确定开关的自击穿延迟时间和开关间隙的击穿分散性以及间隙之间的击穿同步分散性;在实验测试分析过程中,可以利用间隙自击穿放电电流的dI/dt信号判断开关间隙的自击穿状态。分析表明,这两个判据可有效地确定开关的特性参数和击穿状态。     

Integral Relations for Multichannel Reactions

Multichannel scattering reactions can be described through two integral relations based on the Kohn variational principle. When used in combination with the hyperspherical adiabatic expansion method the pattern of convergence of the corresponding ${{\mathcal K}}$ -matrix is similar to the one found when applied to obtain bound states.     

Structural vibration control by synchronized switch damping energy transfer

The synchronized switch damping (SSD) technique has been demonstrated as an efficient means of suppressing structure vibrations. This paper presents a novel SSD technique based on an energy transfer (SSDET) scheme that transmits energy from an energy-source structure to a target structure in order to damp the latter. As a matter of fact, the transferred energy enhanced the synchronized switch damping on inductor (SSDI) with an initial current, thus leading to a better vibration control capability. The experiment, performed on a beam/plate system, succeeded in delivering an enhanced damping effect as compared to the SSDI technique by adopting the proposed control law. Comparisons between simulation and experiment also confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model. The stability was discussed in order to determine the stability limit.