固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定千里光的挥发油成分

采用固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法分离和鉴定千里光挥发油成分,用归一化法测定其相对含量。共分离出93个组分,鉴定出71种化学物,其含量占总挥发油组分峰面积的96.39%。主要挥发成分及其含量为十四烯(11.55%)、4乙烯基苯酚(10.99%)、δ-榄香烯(10.25%)、4-乙烯基-2甲氧基-苯酚(9.75%)、莰烯(8.7%)、(E,E)-α-金合欢烯(7.1%)和三环烯(4.6%)等。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定艾叶挥发油中化学成分

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取艾叶的挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱法分离和鉴定挥发油成分,并用归一化法测定其相对含量。共分离出76个组分,鉴定出59种化合物。其含量占总挥发油组分峰面积的94.3%。贵州遵义产艾叶主要挥发油成分及其含量为1,8-桉叶油素(22.19%)、樟脑(10.39%)、绿花白千层醇(6.57%)、蒿醇(4.95%)、L-龙脑(4.88%)、α-松油烯(3.98%)、蒿酮(3.44%)、顺式桧烯水合物(3.36%)、4-松油醇(2.68%)、菊油环酮(2.51%)、β-崖柏酮(2.41%)、1-松油醇(2.32%)和丁香酚(2.26%)等。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析莪术的挥发油成分

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分离和鉴定莪术挥发油成分,用归一化测定其相对含量。共分离出64个组分,鉴定出57种化合物,其含量占总挥发油组分峰面积98.02%。主要挥发成分及其含量为β-榄香稀(18.73%)、β-榄烯酮(11.03%)、莪术二酮(8.47%)、γ-榄香稀(6.79%)。     

气相色谱-质谱技术分析红松松塔挥发性成分

采用水蒸气蒸馏法,对红松松塔挥发性成分进行提取和研究,最佳蒸馏时间5.5 h,挥发油提取率1.28%.利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对提取的挥发油成分进行分析,共鉴定出32种化学成分,主要为单萜和倍半萜类化合物,其中相对含量较高的有α-蒎烯(44.258%)、D-柠檬烯(23.426%)、β-蒎烯(8.674%)、石竹烯(3.462%)、β-月桂烯(3.018%)等.研究结果表明红松松塔挥发油中富含α-蒎烯、D-柠檬烯、石竹烯等多种具有药理活性的成分.因此,红松松塔是一种具有较好前景的天然药用资源.     

紫罗兰花挥发油化学成分分析及其在卷烟加香中的评价

研究紫罗兰花挥发油的挥发性成分及其卷烟加香效果。采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取紫罗兰花挥发油,利用气相色谱—飞行时间质谱(GC-TOFMS)联用技术对其化学成分进行分离鉴定,采用峰面积归一化法计算各个组分相对含量,并将其加入卷烟中进行感官评吸。共鉴定了66个化合物,占检出化合物总量的79.03%,主要成分为2-β-蒎烯(13.28%)、3-蒈烯(10.16%)、(-)-异喇叭烯(4.80%)、β-波旁烯(4.53%)、斯巴醇(3.39%)和β-杜松烯(3.29%)等;评吸结果发现:适量浓度的紫罗兰挥发油能提高卷烟整体的协调性,提升卷烟的香气质和香气量,降低对口腔、鼻腔的刺激性,减少杂气,回味甜香,余味清爽。紫罗兰挥发油中化学成分丰富,主要为萜类及其含氧衍生物,其中,许多化合物具有芳香性和药用活性。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析香樟籽挥发性成分

采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分离和鉴定香樟籽的挥发性成分,用归一化法测定其相对含量。共分离出76种组分,鉴定出47种化合物,其含量占总挥发性成分的97.4%。主要挥发成分为樟脑(57.89%)、柠檬烯(12.68%)、α-蒎烯(4.42%)、莰烯(2.69%)、香橙烯(2.34%)、伞花烃(2.26%)及β-蒎烯(2.12%)。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法结合保留指数对高良姜挥发油成分的分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法结合保留指数(RI)对高良姜水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)、超声波辅助溶剂提取法(UAE)和亚临界流体萃取法(SFE)所制备的挥发油进行分析,分别鉴定出51,46和60个挥发性组分,并通过峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量。结果表明,高良姜挥发油的指标性成分1,8-桉叶素含量的大小顺序为SD法≈SFE法UAE法,UAE法虽耗时少、能耗低,但由于所用有机溶剂难去除,所得挥发油品质较差。SFE法可得到部分SD法无法得到的化合物,如2-羟基-1,8-桉叶素、二苯基庚烷类等。另外β-石竹烯、α-石竹烯、α-法尼烯、γ-杜松烯等高沸点组分比例,SFE法所得高于另两种方法;α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、柠檬烯、樟脑和α-松油醇等低沸点组分比例,SD法所得最高。同一批药材不同提取方法所得的挥发油成分大部分相似,但部分成分与组分比例因不同提取方法的原理存在差异,实际生产中可根据功效需求选择不同提取方法加以开发利用。     

气相色谱-质谱法分析蘘荷花穗挥发油化学成分

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取黔产蘘荷花穗挥发油，并用气相色谱-质谱对其成分进行定性分析和峰面积相对含量的测定．共鉴定出45个化学成分，占挥发油总量的95．89％．主要成分为β-水芹烯(34．96％)、α-律草烯(13．09％)、β-榄香烯(7．31％)、β-蒎烯(6．50％)、α-水芹烯(6．07％)、α-蒎烯(3．87％)、β-石竹烯(3．18％)等。     

顶空气相色谱-质谱法分析补骨脂挥发油化学成分

采用顶空气相色谱-质谱(Headspace/GC-MS)联用技术对补骨脂挥发油化学成分进行分析,确认出65种组分,并用峰面积归一化法测定,其质量分数占总挥发性组分峰面积的93.30%。主要成分为:乙酸乙酯(1.61%)、芳樟醇(3.56%)、反-石竹烯(26.8%)、白菖油烯(4.48%)、α-律草烯(3.28%)、1s,顺-卡拉烯(3.16%)、石竹烯氧化物(9.83%)和异补骨脂素(3.02%)。     

浙江艾蒿和野艾蒿挥发油成分分析研究

用GC/MS进行浙江野艾蒿和艾蒿挥发油成分分析.鉴定出野艾蒿31个化合物,占挥发油含量的83.27%.主要成分为:桉叶素(21.82%)、胡椒烯(10.48%)、β-石竹烯(8.86%)、樟脑(8.50%)、侧柏酮(7.28%).鉴定出艾蒿24种化合物,占挥发油含量的77.70%.主要成分为:异蒿属酮(37.01%)、桉叶素(12.81%)、异蒿属醇(9.30%)等.两种同属植物含有18种相同化合物.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。