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Students admitted to the solo singing education at the University of Music Dresden, Germany have been submitted to a detailed physical examination of a variety of factors with relevance to voice function since 1959. In the years 1959–1991, this scheme of examinations included X-ray profiles of the singers' vocal tracts. This material of 132 X-rays of voice professionals was used to investigate different laryngeal morphological measures and their relation to vocal fold length. Further, the study aimed to investigate if there are consistent anatomical differences between singers of different voice classifications. The study design used was a retrospective analysis. Vocal fold length could be measured in 29 of these singer subjects directly. These data showed a strong correlation with the anterior-posterior diameter of the subglottis and the trachea as well as with the distance from the anterior contour of the thyroid cartilage to the anterior contour of the spine. These relations were used in an attempt to predict the 132 singers' vocal fold lengths. The results revealed a clear covariation between predicted vocal fold length and voice classification. Anterior-posterior subglottic-tracheal diameter yielded mean vocal fold lengths of 14.9, 16.0, 16.6, 18.4, 19.5, and 20.9 mm for sopranos, mezzo-sopranos, altos, tenors, baritones, and basses, respectively. The data support the assumption that there are consistent anatomical laryngeal differences between singers of different voice classifications, which are of relevance to pitch range and timbre of the voice. 相似文献
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Stephen F. Austin 《Journal of voice》1997,11(2):212-221
The present study addresses two questions: (a) Is the action and/orposture of the velopharyngeal valve conducive to allow significant resonance during Western tradition classical singing? (b) How do the actions of the velo-pharyngeal valve observed in this style of singing compare with normal speech? A photodetector system was used to observe the area function of the velopharyngeal port during speech and classical style singing. Identical speech samples were produced by each subject in a normal speaking voice and then in the low, medium, and high singing ranges. Results indicate that in these four singers the velopharyngeal port was closed significantly longer in singing than in speaking samples. The amount of time the velopharyngeal port was opened was greatest in speech and diminished as the singer ascended in pitch. In the high voice condition, little or no opening of the velopharyngeal port was measured. 相似文献
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Harvey M. Tucker 《Journal of voice》1999,13(2):251-256
In June of 1996, we reported improved functional voice results when reinnervation was combined with surgical medialization for unilateral vocal fold paralysis. In addition, it was noted that further wasting of the reinnervated vocal fold was prevented in 96% of these patients beyond 2 years' follow-up. The study reported here compares the long-term preservation of voice improvement achieved by surgical medialization alone with that resulting from combined medialization and nerve-muscle pedicle reinnervation. Further significant wasting of the paralyzed vocal fold with voice deterioration from that achieved by surgical medialization alone was noted between 6 months and 2 years postoperatively in 28% of patients, while only 4% of those undergoing combined reinnervation demonstrated this finding at a minimum of 2 years' follow-up. 相似文献
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The relationship between vocal fold strain and vocal pitch in singersand nonsingers singing a rising pitch series has been indirectly investigated by means of lateral radiographs. Nonsingers tend to exhibit more strain than singers. To standardize the degree of strain, an index of strain per semitone is proposed. The semitone strain indicates the average amount of strain per 1 semitone of pitch increase or decrease. The index has been shown to be affected by several factors: gender, singing training, singing technique, voice class, age, and status of muscle function. Observations suggest that similar groups of individuals occupy different positions on the stress-strain curve, indicated by their semitone strain values. 相似文献
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Pamela L. Broaddus-Lawrence Kathleen Treole Robert B. McCabe Rose L. Allen Louise Toppin 《Journal of voice》2000,14(1):58-71
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of vocal hygiene education on the vocal hygiene behaviors and perceptual vocal characteristics of untrained singers. Eleven adult untrained singers served as subjects. They attended four 1-hour class sessions on vocal hygiene, including anatomy and physiology of the phonatory mechanism, vocally abusive behaviors, voice disorders commonly seen in singers, and measures to prevent voice disorders. Pre- and postinstruction surveys were used to record subjects' vocal abuses and their perceptions of their speaking and singing voice. They also rated their perceived value of vocal hygiene education. Results revealed minimal changes in vocal hygiene behaviors and perceptual voice characteristics. The subjects did report a high degree of benefit and learning, however. 相似文献
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Thomas R. Blaylock 《Journal of voice》1999,13(1):43-50
This investigation studied the effect of a systematized vocal warm-up procedure on voices with disorders. There were 4 subjects with voice disorders. To optimize vocal function a systematized vocal warm-up system was developed by the author for singers and nonsingers alike. Subjects were asked to practice the vocal warm-up exercises daily, with weekly monitoring in the studio. Data from independent raters and subjects' self-ratings were compared to and corroborated with computer analysis of audio samples. Results indicated significant improvement in subjects' voices that were increasingly maintained over time. 相似文献
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Dr. C. William Thorpe Stephen J. Cala Janice Chapman Pamela J. Davis 《Journal of voice》2001,15(1):86-104
Recordings of the rib cage and abdominal motions and acoustic output were obtained from five professional opera singers during performance of an aria recorded with two levels of voice projection. The condition of greater projection resulted in a significant increase in the acoustic power in the frequency band 2-4 kHz, relative to the power in the 0-2 kHz band, and a decrease in the mean expiratory flow, implying a move to more efficient vocalization with the greater projection. Also, the condition of greater projection resulted in a larger rib cage, particularly in the lateral dimension, but only a small decrease in the abdominal lateral dimension, suggesting that the greater abdominal support required for a larger projection is obtained by increased activation of abdominal muscles acting medially. 相似文献
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Nobuhiko Isshiki 《Journal of voice》1998,12(2):125-137
Laryngeal framework surgery can change the position and tensionof the vocal folds safely without direct surgical intervention in the vocal fold proper. Some 23 years of experience with phonosurgery have proved its usefulness in treating dysphonia related to unilateral vocal fold paralysis, vocal fold atrophy, and pitch-related dysphonias. Meanwhile, much information about the mechanism of voice production has been obtained through intraoperative findings of voice and fiberscopic examination of the larynx . Based on such knowledge together with information obtained through model experiments, the human vocal organ was reconsidered mainly from the mechanical view point, and the roles of voice therapy and singing pedagogy were discussed in relation to phonosurgery. The vocal organ may not be an ideal musical organ and is rather vulnerable, but its potential is enormous. 相似文献
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This study focuses on the perceptual nature of chest and falsetto registers as a function of various production tokens and methods of perceptual evaluation. Fifteen target tones, ranging from G#3 to A#4, were sung by a male and a female subject in the context of ascending and descending sequences on the vowels /a/ and /i/. Register transitions were elicited by setting strict constraints on production. Segments of 1-s duration were extracted from the target notes, digitized, and acoustically analyzed. These excerpts were presented to ten trained listeners in four different perceptual tasks. Identification and discrimination tasks yielded nearly identical results, suggesting that the primary registers are perceived as distinct entities. The marked change from chest to falsetto as well as the locus of the transition between these registers did not vary systematically as a function of production token or perceptual task. Mean register shift-point frequencies of the male and female subjects were perceived at 320 Hz and 353 Hz, respectively. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical clustering analyses were utilized to capture the dimensionality and the internal structure of perceptual data sets derived from the pair-wise similarity ratings. Optimal spatial representation of these data required no more than two orthogonal dimensions, with the quality attribute represented by the dominant dimension. The representation of pitch differences was reflected only in the internal ordering of the stimuli within registers, but did not affect the perceptual discontinuity between registers. 相似文献
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The popularity and usefulness of the electroglottograph (EGG) has increased remarkably since its introduction over a decade ago. It has been used to measure fundamental frequency of phonation, fundamental frequency perturbation, details of the vocal fold vibratory cycle, as well as to provide an indication of laryngeal vertical movement. It has also been used with a variety of speech and voice disorders. The EGG is not without its limitations and problems. Some of these are found in the electronic designs of specific instruments, whereas other problems are related to subject characteristics, the placement of the electrodes, electrode symmetry, and subject/instrument interaction. This article explores some of these concerns, primarily from the perspective of two individuals who have used the EGG extensively with children, men and women, voice patients, stutterers, and neurologically impaired persons. Some of the concerns to consider and pitfalls to avoid in the interpretation and measurement of EGG signal are discussed. 相似文献
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SUMMARY: The present article surveys the literature on the electrotherapy treatment for voice disorders from the mid-18th century to World War I (1914--1918) and the post 1970s reappearance of such therapies. The reappearance of electrotherapy as treatment for voice disorders in the past 20 years has been heralded as a major breakthrough. In light of our reading of the scientific literature of the 19th century, it can be shown to repeat many of the presuppositions of electrotherapists of that time. The current resurgence of interest and research in electrical stimulation of the larynx is buoyed by technological innovations analogous to those in the 19th century. Although the current state of research has enhanced our understanding of vocal fold physiology, it does not necessarily provide a new therapeutic approach as a survey of the most recent literature shows. 相似文献
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Bernadette Timmermans Marc S. De Bodt Floris L. Wuyts Paul H. Van de Heyning 《Journal of voice》2005,19(2):202-210
The goal of this study is to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of a voice-training program. Twenty-three professional voice users received voice training for 2 years and vocal hygiene education for 1 year. The voice-training program consisted of lectures, technical workshops, and vocal coaching. The European Laryngological Society (ELS) protocol, including the Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI) and the Voice Handicap Index (VHI), was applied before and after, respectively, 9 and 18 months of voice training. A questionnaire on daily habits was presented at study onset and after 18 months. The DSI improvement is more significant after 9 months (P=0.005) than it is after 18 months (P=0.2). On the other hand, the perceptual evaluation remained unchanged after 9 months, whereas it improved significantly after 18 months. The results of the daily habit questionnaire are disturbing: the prevalence of smoking, vocal abuse, stress, and late meals were not influenced by the lectures and remained high. This study emphasizes the need for a well-organized voice-training program that is most effective after 9 months. Regarding the low effectiveness of the vocal hygiene program, the concept needs revision. 相似文献
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Paulo Sérgio Lins Perazzo Marcos André Sarvat Francisco de Souza Amorim Filho Paulo Augusto de Lima Pontes 《Journal of voice》2011,25(5):626-631