Composition of the triacylglycerols of the seeds of some representatives of the family labiatae

The fatty acid compositions of five species and the compositions of the triacylglycerols of 22 species of the family labiatae have been studied for the first time. Octadeca-12,13-dienoic acid has been detected in five species. The typical compositions of the triacylglycerols differs from those of known plant oils with a similar set of fatty acids by the absence of triacylglycerols of the S₃ type and the presence of the S₂U type (0.1–1.6%). The main types are SU₂ (5–24%) and U₃ (74–95%). In a comparison of the position-species composition of the oils studied it was found that the oils of the plants of this family are distinguished by a greater diversity of species of triacylglycerols and also by the nature of the distribution of the unsaturated acyl residues between the 1,3- and 2-positions. In the majority of oils studied, the 2- position is enriched with the 18:1 acid, while the 18:2 acid is distributed predominantly in the 1,3- positions, and the nature of the distribution of the 18:3 acid is determined by its proportion in the total.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 618–625, September–October, 1979.     

Composition and structure of the triacylglycerols ofHippophaë rhamnoides seeds

The composition and structure of the triacylglycerols (TAGs) of the seeds of ripe fruit of the sea buckthorn of the Dar Katuni, Maslichnaya, and Shcherbinka-1 varieties have been investigated with the aid of lipase hydrolysis. The amounts of fatty acid (FA) residues in the 2-positions of the TAGs, the concentrations of the FAs in the 1,3-positions, the position-type and position-species compositions of the TAGs, and also the values of the enrichment factors (EFs) and inclusion-selectivity factors (SFs) of the unsaturated FAs in the positions of the TAGs were determined. As in the seeds of the majority of other plants, in the sea buckthorn it is mainly the unsaturated FAs that are concentrated in the 2-positions of the TAGs (mol. %): linoleic (L, 47–49.6); linolenic (Le, 32.4–36.9), and oleic (0, 12.8–18.5). The EF and SF values for the O, L, and Le acids in the TAGs of the Dar Katuni variety were, respectively, 1.11, 1.21, and 0.97, and 1.00, 1.10, and 0.88. In contrast to the TAGs of the flesh of sea buckthorn fruit, palmitoleic acid is a minor component of the TAGs of the seeds (0.6–0.9 mol.%). Among the types of TAGs, trisaturated (72.4–76.2) and monosaturated-diunsaturated (22.1–25.3) predominate. According to calculation, the seeds may contain from 57 (Maslichnaya) to 98 (Shcherbinika-1) position-species of TAGs with concentrations >0.01 mol.%. The predominating species among them are LLLe (11.5–14.1), LLeLe (7.8–10.5), LeLLe (5.5–7.2), and LLL (6.0–6.9). The composition and structure of the TAGs of the seeds have also been reliably established with the aid of a mathematical method based on Litchfield's empirical formulas for determining the amounts of FAs in the 2-positions of TAGs.Institute of Plant Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, and Gor'ki Agricultural Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 52–57, January–February, 1987.     

Quantitative determination of flavonoids in some representatives of the family Fabaceae

The quantitative composition of the combined flavonoids in the epigeal parts of eight representatives of the family Fabaceae (four species ofOnobrychis, two ofAstragalus, and two ofTrifolium) have been studied. For the quantitative estimation of the flavonoids we used a spectrophotometric method permitting the determination of flavonols and isoflavones when they are present simultaneously. A comparatively high content of flavonoids (from 2.37 to 4.13%) was found. The sum of the flavonoid compounds from the species ofOnobrychis, Astragalus, andTrifolium investigated possesses a hypolipidemic activity.Pyatigorsk Pharmaceutical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 43–45, January–February, 1984.     

Oxygenated triacylglycerols of the lipids ofOnopordum acanthium seeds

The results on the structure and composition of the epoxyacyl-, hydroxyacyl-, and epoxyacylhydroxyacylacylglycerols ofOnopordum acanthium L. seeds obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis have been supplemented with the aid of mass spectrometry. The desirability of using a combination of the two methods for these purposes has been shown.     

Oxygenated triacylglycerols of the lipids ofOnopordum acanthium seeds

The results on the structure and composition of the epoxyacyl-, hydroxyacyl-, and epoxyacylhydroxyacylacylglycerols ofOnopordum acanthium L. seeds obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis have been supplemented with the aid of mass spectrometry. The desirability of using a combination of the two methods for these purposes has been shown.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 656–670, September–October, 1993.     

Composition of the triacylglycerols of the phloem of Larix sibirica

The annual dynamics of the amount of acylglycerols in the phloem of the Siberian larch has been established. It has been shown that, depending on the phenological state of the wood their amount varies between 0.192 and 1.435%. The triacylglycerols of the phloem form the bulk of the acylglycerols of this tissue over the whole of the annual cycle. The stereovariety composition of the triacylglycerls of the phloem has been studied by the method of stereospecific analysis. It has been established that they have an asymmetric structure. The bulk of them contains acylglycerols in the molecules of which the sn-2 positions are acylated by unsaturated acids.Siberian Technological Institute, Krasnoyarsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 154–158, March–April, 1986.