NaF-AlF3二元系铝氟四面体团簇结构的拉曼光谱表征与量子化学从头计算

本文构建了一系列NaF-AlF3二元系铝氟四面体团簇结构模型, 应用量子化学从头计算方法, 采用Restricted Hatree-Fock(RHF)自洽场方法和6-31G(d)基组对结构进行优化, 并用相同的方法和基组进行分子振动模式的模拟计算。考虑相邻铝氟四面体的影响, 引入四面体应力指数(SIT)的概念分析和讨论该二元系高频区非桥氟对称伸缩振动及中频区桥氟对称弯曲振动模式。研究表明, 高频区铝氟四面体非桥氟对称伸缩振动频率与其铝氟四面体的种类(Qi)密切相关, 且铝氟四面体非桥氟对称伸缩振动频率的值随SIT值的增大而增大, 呈现较好的线性关系。同时, NaF-AlF3二元系团簇结构的中频区桥氟对称弯曲振动频率主要受桥氟角度的影响。并采用高温拉曼仪测定了分子比为NaF:AlF3 =1∶2体系的升温拉曼光谱, 随着温度的升高NaF:AlF3 =1∶2体系的主峰逐渐向低频移动, 观察到Q0、Q1、Q2峰位的变化。     

链状硅酸盐矿物的拉曼光谱研究

本文基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的平面波赝势法,利用CASTEP计算模块对四种典型链状(铝)硅酸盐矿物进行拉曼振动活性与拉曼光谱的模拟计算,同时测定了矿物的拉曼光谱,确定了四种矿物拉曼振动谱峰的归属,并结合硅氧四面体应力指数(SIT)进行了分析。结果表明,CASTEP计算模块可以有效获知(铝)硅酸盐矿物特征结构的拉曼振动模式的归属;链状(铝)硅酸盐矿物硅氧四面体局域环境与SiOT非桥氧对称伸缩振动波数之间的关系仍可用SIT指数描述。     

Na2O-K2O-Al2O3三元系固体结构研究

制备了xNa₂O-(1-x)K₂O-Al₂O₃(x=0.33, 0.50, 0.66, 1)三元系固体,实验利用拉曼光谱技术获得了xNa₂O-(1-x)K₂O-Al₂O₃三元系固体的常温拉曼光谱和升温拉曼光谱,使用CASTEP软件优化晶体结构和计算拉曼光谱,获得了xNa₂O-(1-x)K₂O-Al₂O₃三元系样品的常温拉曼光谱,结果表明低波数区(100～400 cm^-1)的拉曼特征峰为Na—O键的振动。中波数区(400～700 cm^-1)的拉曼特征峰为铝氧四面体中桥氧键的振动。高波数区(700～1 000 cm^-1)的拉曼特征峰为Al-O_nb的振动。对三元系样品的拉曼特征峰进行有效归属。获得了0.5Na₂O-0.5K<...     

Na_2TiO_3晶型及其相变的高温原位拉曼光谱与X射线衍射联合研究

本文设计了α、β和γ三种晶型的Na_2TiO_3晶体的制备方法,采用固相烧结技术成功制备了该晶体的上述三种晶型,并对其常温拉曼光谱进行了比较研究。对其中已知晶型结构的γ-Na_2TiO_3的拉曼光谱进行密度泛函理论的模拟计算,基于计算对其拉曼光谱高频区主要振动模式进行归属。运用高温原位拉曼光谱技术和X射线衍射技术对无序型亚稳态α-Na_2TiO_3晶体升温过程的相变及其结构变化进行了原位追踪与研究,为不同晶型的Na_2TiO_3晶体的温致结构演变及晶型的鉴定提供重要的实验依据。     

饱和一元醇类分子拉曼光谱振动峰的归属研究

选用B3LYP/6-31G(d)优化并计算了31种饱和一元醇类分子的拉曼光谱,以甲醇为例,考察了理论计算结果的准确性,分析了碳原子数小于7的直链饱和一元醇拉曼光谱振动峰的归属。研究结果显示,B3LYP/6-31G(d)用于饱和一元醇类分子拉曼光谱振动的模拟计算较为准确,通过饱和一元醇拉曼光谱振动峰归属分析,确认C—O伸缩振动引起的振动峰可作为饱和一元醇类分子拉曼光谱的特征峰;进一步研究还发现,饱和一元醇类分子拉曼光谱的特征峰与其极化率、热力学、能量等主要参数具有显著的相关性(sig.为0.015),为同系物的拉曼光谱研究提供了一定的参考价值。     

CaO-SiO_2二元系晶体和玻璃的拉曼光谱研究

研究了CaO-SiO_2二元系晶体和玻璃的拉曼光谱,依据CaO和SiO_2摩尔比为1∶2和1∶1分别制备了Ca_2SiO_4和CaSiO_3晶体,同时又按照CaO的摩尔分数为0.50,0.40,0.33和0.25分别制备了C50S(CaO50·SiO_2),C40S,C33S,C_25S玻璃,采用共焦拉曼光谱仪测定了拉曼光谱,运用基于Materials Studio软件的CASTEP(Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package)模块对CaSiO_3和Ca_2SiO_4晶体的拉曼光谱进行了密度泛函理论计算,并运用量子化学从头计算法模拟研究了CaO-SiO_2二元系硅酸盐玻璃团簇的结构类型、振动波数及散射截面。根据理论计算对两种晶体的振动模式进行了归属,并且在CaO-SiO_2二元系玻璃的拉曼谱图中,较强谱峰主要集中在两个区域:低波数区(500~600cm~(-1))和高波数区(800~1 200cm~(-1)),低波数区以弯曲振动为主,高波数区则以伸缩振动为主。     

1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺盐离子液体的结构及振动光谱研究

本文以中、远红外光谱(4000¹00cm-1)、拉曼光谱(3500100cm-1)、拉曼光谱(3500¹00cm-1)与密度泛函理论计算相结合的方法,研究了1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺盐的稳定结构与振动频率。在实验测定样品红外与拉曼光谱的基础上,对该分子的振动频率进行了详细归属。     

硬玉熔体和玻璃的结构研究

硬玉(NaAlSi₂O₆)及其在极端条件下的行为在地质学和宝石学中有极高的研究价值。考虑到现有单一检测条件的局限,本文综合了多种实验检测手段和理论计算方法对硬玉晶体及其熔体和玻璃的结构以及铝配位数进行了研究。对硬玉晶体热熔过程进行了高温原位拉曼光谱测定,结合第一性原理理论计算方法,得到了硬玉结构和铝配位数的变化及其相应的谱学特征。结合量子化学从头计算对熔体结构进行解析。研究表明：硬玉晶体结构单一且铝全部为六配位,1 293 K时大量六配位铝转变为四配位,熔体中四配位铝占主导,其中硅(铝)氧四面体以多元环连接成架状结构。熔体冷却过程中伴随着五配位铝的生成,并呈现分相趋势。     

基于密度泛函的伪麻黄碱拉曼光谱性质研究

研究伪麻黄碱的拉曼光谱和吸附在纳米银基底上的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),利用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-311G++(d, p)方法对伪麻黄碱分子进行了计算,得到了分子构型信息和理论拉曼光谱,用Gaussview软件对分子振动模式进行了全面的归属,在伪麻黄碱的表面增强拉曼光谱中,采用了自组装方法获得了团簇银纳米表面增强基底,实现了很好的增强效应.实验结果表明：伪麻黄碱的拉曼光谱计算结果和实验结果基本一致,理论计算为伪麻黄碱分子振动峰位的归属提供了重要的依据,伪麻黄碱分子与银纳米表面化学吸附,苯环垂直于纳米基底表面,研究结果为伪麻黄碱的拉曼光谱检验分析提供了理论依据,也为苯丙胺类毒品的光谱分析研究提供了参考.     

LaCl_3溶液中微团簇的光谱研究

对LaCl_3溶液拉曼和荧光光谱及其变化进行了理论计算和实验研究,得到了较为全面的光谱信息。基于密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d,p)+Def2-SV(p)基组水平上计算了氯化镧溶液中的微团簇结构,结果表明微团簇分子趋向于形成9配位结构,验证了计算方法的可行性。理论拉曼光谱与实验光谱相比基本一致,随着LaCl_3的加入溶液拉曼光谱在300~600cm~(-1)范围内峰的强度稍微增大,原因可能为La—O振动与水中O—H的面内、面外摇摆峰叠加形成的;在3 000~4 000cm~(-1)范围内,氯化镧溶液与水相比峰形变窄,可能是由于在溶液中原有的水团簇结构破坏后形成的镧水合物中O—H的伸缩振动导致。荧光发射光谱在350nm处出现明显的新峰,且与浓度呈良好的线性关系,从络合物角度实现了对氯化镧溶液的定量分析;同样的基组水平上计算了团簇的荧光发射中心,在误差允许范围内,理论计算与实验值基本吻合,实现了对实验光谱中新峰的指认与归属。     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Muonic and pionic L- and M-series in carbon and oxygen and the pionic 2p level shift and width of oxygen

Muonic and pionic X-rays of the L- and M-series in C and O have been measured with a Si(Li) detector in the energy range between 7 keV and 60 keV. The target consisted of mylar (C₅H₄O₂). Energies and intensities of 21 transitions have been determined. The strong interaction shift of the pionic 2p level in O was measured and found to be +4.1 ±2.3 eV. The measured width of this level is 11±6 eV. The measured yields have been compared with cascade calculations.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Nonlocal potentials and their exact and approximate local and velocity-dependent equivalents

We show that good approximations to the exact equivalent local potential (ELP) and damping factor of a nonlocal Perey-Buck potential can be calculated in the partial wave WKB approximation of Horiuchi. The exact ELP and damping factor are obtained by means of a method previously given by one of us. We also confirm that an approximate ELP proposed by Bauhoff et al. is of comparable accuracy as the Horiuchi approximation. Thesel-dependent ELP's exhibit reduced attraction in the interior and provide a test for higher order WKB approximations. We subsequently obtain an equivalent velocity dependent potential (EVDP) which is even exactly wave function equivalent to the original nonlocal potential. This almost local potential, unlike the trivial equivalent local potential, is smooth and well-behaved and is therefore particularly useful in nuclear reactions where the off-shell behaviour of the potential is important.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

Spin and Statistics and First Principles

It was shown in the early seventies that, in Local Quantum Theory (that is the most general formulation of Quantum Field Theory, if we leave out only the unknown scenario of Quantum Gravity) the notion of Statistics can be grounded solely on the local observable quantities (without assuming neither the commutation relations nor even the existence of unobservable charged field operators); one finds that only the well known (para)statistics of Bose/Fermi type are allowed by the key principle of local commutativity of observables. In this frame it was possible to formulate and prove the Spin and Statistics Theorem purely on the basis of First Principles.