阳离子对硅酸盐玻璃激光拉曼光谱影响的研究

运用拉曼光谱技术研究了Na2O(K2O)—CaO(MgO)—SiO2,Na2O(K2O)—Al2O3—SiO2,Na2O(K2O)—B2O3—SiO2,Na2O(K2O)—PbO—SiO2和PbO—BaO—SiO2五个系统的玻璃。结果表明,阳离子对玻璃近程结构的改造会引起拉曼特征的变化。部分样品是根据古玻璃平均成分在实验室烧制的,这项研究对于运用激光拉曼光谱区分不同系统的古代硅酸盐玻璃有重要意义。     

惯性约束聚变靶丸玻璃微观结构的分子动力学模拟北大核心CSCD

使用分子动力学方法模拟惯性约束聚变(ICF)玻璃微球靶丸材料的碱金属硼硅酸盐玻璃,研究了不同SiO2与B2O3和不同Na2O与B2O3物质的量比的微观结构,包括键长、键角、配位数以及空穴的分布情况。通过模拟发现,在不同组分的碱金属硼硅酸盐玻璃中,硅原子的网络体结构相对稳定,硼原子的结构会随着成分的变化发生明显变化。同时,针对实际的ICF实验中对玻璃微球充入惰性气体氩的问题,模拟发现,当SiO2与B2O3物质的量比为40.5,Na2O与B2O3物质的量比为17.4,8.5,4.2时,玻璃中存在有较多的供氩扩散的空穴。     

硅酸盐玻璃中的Na,Mg K-边XANES谱研究

本文利用同步辐射的NaK 边X 射线近边结构 (XANES)谱研究了含Na玻璃 (Na2 O SiO2 P2 O5和Na2 O SiO2 )的NaK 边的特征 ,同时建立了含磷 (P)的钠玻璃中NaK 边的能量 ,其能量位置随着P的含量增加 ,而增大其能量位置。CaMgSi2 O6(Di) NaAlSi3 O8(Ab)玻璃中MgK 边XANES的能量和Mg—O的键长有关系。在Di Ab玻璃中的Mg—O键距是 2± 0 0 4 。表明本方法可以作为研究含Mg玻璃的配位与局部结构新方法     

X荧光光谱法分析硅质-半硅质耐火材料的主次元素含量

介绍了玻璃熔片XRF测定硅质-半硅质耐火材料中SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、TiO2、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2O等常见组分的定量分析。确定了该分析方法所适用的测定范围,并对标样的制备、试验条件的选择和分析结果做出了详细描述。     

xCaSiO3·LiBO2固溶体中硅氧四面体微结构形态的拉曼光谱研究

本文测定了xCaSiO3*LiBO2(重量比,x=0, 0.25, 0.33, 0.50)系列的拉曼光谱,分析了硅氧四面体的微结构形态及其随SiO2 浓度的变化.结果表明,在所研究的浓度范围内,其微结构单元,即Qi ( i = 0～4) 均以孤立的硅氧四面体存在,且随SiO2 浓度的增加, Q2, Q4 的丰度有明显增加;此外,硅氧四面体的伸缩振动谱峰的积分强度总和与SiO2 浓度呈线性相关,为采用拉曼光谱直接分析矿物、炉渣、玻璃和土壤中的SiO2 提供了可能.     

碲酸盐玻璃的拉曼光谱研究

本文测试了TeO2-ZnO和TeO2-BaO两种二元系统不同金属氧化物浓度下玻璃的拉曼光谱,通过比较这两种碲酸盐玻璃系统拉曼光谱的异同,表明碲酸盐玻璃系统中随着金属氧化物浓度的增加,使玻璃网络中的TeO4双三角锥向TeO3三角棱锥转化,并且在TeO2-BaO二元玻璃中出现了非桥氧键。同时初步研究了TeO2-ZnO-Na2O三元玻璃的拉曼光谱,发现当TeO2-ZnO二元玻璃中加入5mol%的Na2O时,其结构并没有发生显著的变化。     

硅酸盐玻璃和熔体结构的拉曼光谱定量解析

采用核磁共振谱和拉曼光谱对不同Na_2O浓度的系列二元钠硅酸盐玻璃进行了测定。采用精细结构Q_i~(jklm)对所得的核磁共振谱进行分峰拟合,得到不同Q_i~(jklm)结构在核磁共振谱中的化学位移和相对含量以及初级结构Q_i的相对含量。此外,通过构建系列硅酸盐玻璃和熔体中存在的团簇结构模型,采用量子化学从头计算方法模拟团簇的振动波数和拉曼活性,获取拉曼光谱散射截面函数。结果表明,开发的拉曼光谱定量方法与核磁共振方法在硅酸盐玻璃结构的解析上吻合良好,实验也表明适合高温原位检测的拉曼光谱技术可以实现硅酸盐熔体结构的定量解析。     

在硅酸盐矿物,玻璃和熔体中Si和Al的配位与局部结构:K-边X射线吸收光谱研究

本文采用同步辐射的Si K-边X-射线吸收近边结构(XANES)谱研究了Si在SiO2-P2O5和Na2O-SiO2-P2O5的低压磷硅酸盐玻璃中结构与配位,以及Si的配位几何随玻璃中P2O5含量而变化:同步辐射的Al K-边XANES谱研究了Al在铝硅酸盐成分为NaAlSi2O6-NaAlSi3O8的玻璃和熔体中的配位和局部结构,并提供了直接的实验证据来证明该成分的玻璃体系中由于压力的变化所诱导Al配位的变化.     

以Eu-苯甲酸-1,10-菲咯啉为掺杂剂的SiO2,SiO2-B2O3和SiO2-B2O3-Na2O体系材料的结构及Eu3+的发光性质

用溶胶-凝胶法制备以Eu-苯甲酸-1,10-菲咯啉为掺杂剂的SiO2,SiO2-B2O3和SiO2-B2O3-Na2O为基质的发光材料.材料经1000℃退火处理后,结构十分稳定.通过激发光谱和发射光谱、红外光谱、TEM、XRD研究了基质结构对Eu3 发光性能的影响.结果显示:在589和614 nm处显示Eu3 的特征发射带,对应于Eu3 的5D0→7Fj(j=1,2)跃迁;与直接掺入EuCl3的玻璃材料相比,以Eu-苯甲酸-1,10-菲咯啉为掺杂剂的玻璃材料,虽然Eu的掺杂量较小,但Eu的发光强度较大.与以SiO2为基质的玻璃材料相比,以SiO2-B2O3为基质的玻璃材料Eu3 的发光减弱,其红外光谱显示形成Si-O-B键,说明该结构对Eu3 的发光有猝灭作用,以SiO2-B2O3-Na2O为基质的玻璃材料Eu3 的发光明显增强,其红外光谱显示不存在SiOB键的振动吸收,可能是Na取代B的位置,形成Si-O-Na键,此结构对Eu3 的发光有一定的增强作用.     

焙烧条件对Ce离子价态影响的XPS研究

在均相沉淀法制备含铈化合物的过程中,利用XRD和IR尤其是XPS研究了含Ce化合物在不同焙烧温度条件下产物的结构、铈离子的价态变化、化合物表面性质及其内核电子构型。XRD结果表明,焙烧温度的不同可产生不同的铈基化合物,导致产物中Ce离子价态的变化,IR结果也证实了这一点。单纯均相沉淀法得到的产物为三价的斜方晶系的单晶Ce_2O(CO_3)_2·H_2O(Ⅲ)微粒;将三价的Ce_2O(CO_3)_2·H_2O加热到200℃,产物转化成高价态六价化合物CeO(CO_3)_2·H_2O(Ⅵ);加热温度再升高到250℃,产物转化为稳定的四价化合物CeO_2(Ⅳ)。XPS通过对3种不同价态化合物的O(1s),Ce(3d),Ce(4d)峰进行精细扫描,研究了产物的表面性质及其内部电子构型,比较结果证实了不同价态铈化合物的形成是由于内核价电子构型的差异引起的。     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Muonic and pionic L- and M-series in carbon and oxygen and the pionic 2p level shift and width of oxygen

Muonic and pionic X-rays of the L- and M-series in C and O have been measured with a Si(Li) detector in the energy range between 7 keV and 60 keV. The target consisted of mylar (C₅H₄O₂). Energies and intensities of 21 transitions have been determined. The strong interaction shift of the pionic 2p level in O was measured and found to be +4.1 ±2.3 eV. The measured width of this level is 11±6 eV. The measured yields have been compared with cascade calculations.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Nonlocal potentials and their exact and approximate local and velocity-dependent equivalents

We show that good approximations to the exact equivalent local potential (ELP) and damping factor of a nonlocal Perey-Buck potential can be calculated in the partial wave WKB approximation of Horiuchi. The exact ELP and damping factor are obtained by means of a method previously given by one of us. We also confirm that an approximate ELP proposed by Bauhoff et al. is of comparable accuracy as the Horiuchi approximation. Thesel-dependent ELP's exhibit reduced attraction in the interior and provide a test for higher order WKB approximations. We subsequently obtain an equivalent velocity dependent potential (EVDP) which is even exactly wave function equivalent to the original nonlocal potential. This almost local potential, unlike the trivial equivalent local potential, is smooth and well-behaved and is therefore particularly useful in nuclear reactions where the off-shell behaviour of the potential is important.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

Spin and Statistics and First Principles

It was shown in the early seventies that, in Local Quantum Theory (that is the most general formulation of Quantum Field Theory, if we leave out only the unknown scenario of Quantum Gravity) the notion of Statistics can be grounded solely on the local observable quantities (without assuming neither the commutation relations nor even the existence of unobservable charged field operators); one finds that only the well known (para)statistics of Bose/Fermi type are allowed by the key principle of local commutativity of observables. In this frame it was possible to formulate and prove the Spin and Statistics Theorem purely on the basis of First Principles.