毛细管电色谱-质谱联用技术进展

毛细管电色谱-质谱联用技术结合了毛细管电色谱高分离性能和质谱强定性能力的特点，近年来得到较快的发展。本文系统综述了CEC/MS接口技术及在复杂样品分离分析中应用的最新进展。引用文献45篇。     

痕量元素形态分析技术及其应用研究进展

近年来，痕量元素的形态分析发展速度很快，90年代后高效液相色谱分离、等离子体激发原子发射作为检测器得到广泛应用，HPLC与石墨炉AAS接口技术得到完善解决，一些灵敏而复杂的联用系统如双检测器等也逐渐得到迅速发展。文中对形态分析方法的最新发展及形态分析在环境监测、职业健康、医学及营养学等方面的应用进行了综述。引用文献30篇。     

高效液相色谱检测技术的进展——两种新型检测器及其应用

高效液相色谱法适用的范围很广,是非常重要的分析方法之一,它在医药学及生命科学中已成为一种主要的分离检测手段。与分离方法迅速发展的同时,检测技术的不断进步也是高效液相色谱技术得到广泛应用的原因之一。近年来高效液相色谱检测技术从最常用的紫外可见分光光度检测器和差示折光检测器开始,已经发展了诸如能够实时定性和定量的二极管阵列紫外可见分光光度检测器,能够快速扫描和光谱分辨率更高的色散型紫外可见分光光度检测器以及适用于生物化学的电化学检测器等等。各种联用检测手段如与质谱联用的热喷雾和粒子束接口等已日趋成熟,与傅里叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱的联用技术亦在发展中。各种检测器的灵敏度、线性范围、稳定性和重现性等主要指标日益提高。许多新的检测手段已为科技工作者所熟悉和使用。目前比较引人注目和发展较快的为手性化合物     

毛细管电泳和毛细管电色谱技术在农药残留检测中的应用

由于毛细管电泳（CE）和毛细管电色谱（CEC）具有所需样品体积小、分离效率高等特点,越来越多的学者已将它们应用到农药残留（简称农残）检测中,并将它们同各种不同的检测器以及样品浓缩方法相结合,以提高检测的灵敏度。本文对CE和CEC两种方法中所涉及的常见的样品预浓缩方法进行了简要的介绍。对各种不同类型的检测器（如紫外检测、荧光检测、电化学检测以及质谱检测等）的优缺点及其在农残检测中的应用情况进行了评述;同时对手性农药的CE和CEC分离检测情况进行了特别介绍;并对CE和CEC在农残分析与检测中的应用前景进行了展望。     

反相毛细管电色谱分离山酮类化合物

目前,毛细管电色谱（CEC）在中草药分析中显示出一些独特的优势,如：CEC流动相相对简单、用量少、峰容量大、更易与质谱（MS）联用。特别是植物提取物中活性成分复杂,需要对色谱峰进行精确的指认并控制峰纯度;采用CEC—MS方法可在线提供中药中各种化合物的质谱图。此外,有许多天然产物在中药中的含量极低,MS的高灵敏度可弥补紫外检测器灵敏度较低的缺陷。因此,研究CEC分离中药成分的选择性问题具有重要的实际意义。蝉翼藤（Securida cainappendiculata Hassk．）为远志科远志族蝉翼藤属攀援灌木,其根茎叶有多种药效,其化学成分主要为黄酮、山酮（XAN）和皂甙。从蝉翼藤中已分离出的10个XAN类成分（结构见图1）。具有显著的抗氧化和保护神经细胞作用。我们曾用毛细管区带电泳（CZE）、高效液相色谱（HPLC）、毛细管胶束电动色谱（MEKC）和毛细管微乳电动色谱（MEEKC）对这10个XAN进行分离,并就电泳条件的变化对分离选择性的影响进行系统研究。本文采用CEC法对这10个XAN成分进行分离,并对其色谱分离条件进行优化研究,以期为今后CEC与MS联用分析中药成分打下基础。     

毛细管电色谱-激光诱导荧光联用技术进展

作为一种新兴的微分离技术,毛细管电色谱(CEC)结合了毛细管电泳的高效性和高效液相色谱高选择性的优点,近年来备受关注。本文简单介绍了CEC的基本原理、常用色谱柱和检测器。重点针对毛细管电色谱-激光诱导荧光检测联用技术进行了综述,包括该方法在生物、医药、环境等诸多领域的应用。     

高效毛细管电泳-电荷耦合器件检测器联用技术研究(Ⅶ)──低聚肽及其降解产物的分离

高效毛细管电泳－电荷耦合器件检测器联用技术研究（Ⅶ）──低聚肽及其降解产物的分离熊少祥,李建军,程介克（武汉大学化学系,武汉,４３００７２）关键词毛细管电泳．电荷耦合器件检测器．荧光检测．联用技术多肽及其降解产物氨基酸是组成生命物质蛋白质的基础,某些...     

拉曼光谱技术在色谱分析检测中的应用

讨论了色谱分离与拉曼光谱检测的联用技术。表面增强拉曼光谱技术和紫外共振拉曼光谱技术克服了常规拉曼光谱技术所固有的灵敏度低的问题,所设计的与液相色谱联用的装置可以获取色谱柱流出液的拉曼光谱。评价了联用装置的重现性、动态范围和分析潜力,发现表面增强拉曼光谱仪和紫外共振拉曼光谱仪都可以作为薄层色谱、液相色谱法的检测器,可提供待测组分的结构信息,其灵敏度和其它常用检测器相似。     

微渗析活体取样-NiHCF修饰电极色谱电化学检测的研究

研究了六氰合亚铁酸镍修饰电极对单胺类递质及其代谢产物的催化机理，首次以该 电极为色谱电化学检测器，对８种物质进行了分离测定。同时，将微渗析活体取样技术与高 效液相色谱一电化学检测联用测定了ＳＤ大鼠脑尾核处的单胺类递质及其代谢产物，并研究了 Ｃａ２＋浓度对脑中递质的影响，拓展了电分析化学在生物活体分析中的应用范围。     

纳流液相分离与电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术研究新进展

高效微纳液相分离技术如纳流液相色谱、毛细管电泳、微芯片色谱/电泳等与电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）检测技术联用，既具有前端分离技术高选择性、高灵敏度、快速、低样品消耗的特点，又结合了后端ICP-MS检测分辨率高、动态范围宽、可绝对定量等优势，正在发展成为一种重要的高内涵联用分析手段。该文对近年来纳流液相分离与ICP-MS联用装置的发展作一系统介绍，对其在化学与生物化学分析等领域的应用予以综述，并展望了该联用技术的发展前景。     

毛细管电色谱技术研究进展

毛细管电色谱是一种新型的微分离技术,它结合了毛细管电泳和高效液相色谱的优点,近年来越来越受到分析化学家的关注。本文介绍了近几年来毛细管电色谱技术取得的最新进展,包括填充柱、开管柱、整体柱电色谱的色谱柱制备技术,压力驱动电色谱技术,毛细管电色谱的检测技术及样品预富集技术,指出了存在的问题并展望了电色谱发展前景。     

使用含离子涂层柱的毛细管电泳和毛细管电色谱的研究进展

 毛细管电色谱是近年发展起来的高效、高选择性的微分离技术。与一般的毛细管电泳和使用ODS反相填料的毛细管电色谱相比 ,含离子涂层柱的毛细管电泳和毛细管电色谱能提供较大且可控的电渗流 ,便于拓宽分离对象 ,优化分离条件。对使用含离子涂层柱的毛细管电泳和电色谱的特点、发展和应用状况进行了综述。     

Control of dispersion in capillary electrochromatography coupled to UV and mass spectrometric detection

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC), along with other miniaturised chromatography techniques, such as capillary LC, offers the most benefit when efficiently coupled to mass spectrometric (MS) detectors. In conventional one-piece CEC columns, dispersion in the open connecting tube between the packed column and MS source reduces chromatographic performance to unacceptable levels. This paper examines the effect on dispersion of various column-tube arrangements and offers suggestions as to the most practical way of connecting CEC-UV-MS. Comparisons of theoretical and measured values for these different arrangements are shown.     

毛细管电色谱手性分离进展

 :比较全面地评述了毛细管电色谱(CEC)在手性拆分领域中的应用和发展,包括CEC的不同操作模式、手性试剂和手性固定相。92篇。     

毛细管电色谱和加压毛细管电色谱的进展与应用

毛细管电色谱(CEC)以内含色谱固定相的毛细管为分离柱,以电渗流为驱动力,既可以分离带电物质也可以分离中性物质。它结合了毛细管电泳和高效液相色谱两者的优点,兼具高柱效、高分辨率、高选择性和高峰容量的特点,同时具有色谱和电泳的双重分离机理。然而,“纯粹”的电色谱在实际应用中有着天然的弱点,即: 在电流通过毛细管柱中的流动相时容易产生气泡(焦耳热作用),从而使电流中断和电渗流停止,毛细管柱必须被重新用流动相润湿后方能再次使用。加压毛细管电色谱(pCEC)将液相色谱中的压力流引入CEC系统中,不仅解决了气泡、干柱等问题,而且实现了定量阀进样和二元梯度洗脱。CEC和pCEC作为微分离领域的两种前沿技术,满足了当前复杂样品分析和分析仪器微型化的需求,近年来获得了广泛的关注。本文综述了这两种技术近来的发展,包括仪器、色谱固定相的发展,总结了其在生命科学、药物分析、食品安全以及环保样品分析等方面的应用进展,评述了各方法的特点,并展望了CEC和pCEC今后的发展和应用前景。     

Capillary Electrokinetic Chromatography (CEC): An Introduction to a High-Efficiency Microanalytical Technique

Capillary electrokinetic chromatography (CEC, also called capillary electrochromatography) is a relatively new separation technique based on a combination of liquid chromatographic and electrophoretic separation methods. CEC offers both the efficiency of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and the selectivity and sample capacity of packed capillary high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These advantages are provided in part because of the favorable flow characteristics of electroosmosis, a method of pumping a liquid by applying a high potential axially to a thin, fluid-filled tube. The speed at which analytes move through the separation conduit under the influence of electroosmosis is quite uniform, regardless of the position of the analyte with respect to adjacent surfaces (within certain limits). This results in very little spreading of zones of analyte; narrow, compact bands of analytes are therefore maintained, which results in high efficiency. Because the capillaries used in CEC are packed with HPLC packing materials, the wealth of selectivities available in HPLC are also available in CEC. The high surface area of these packing materials enables CEC capillaries to accommodate relatively large amounts of sample, making detection a simpler task than it is in capillary electrophoresis (CE). This paper will briefly visit the theory and practice of CEC, and will provide examples of how CEC can be applied in sample analysis.     

Use of on-line mass spectrometric detection in capillary electrochromatography

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a liquid phase analytical separation technique that is generally carried out with packed capillary columns by electroosmotically driven mobile phase at high electric field strength. The analytes are separated by virtue of the differences in their distribution between the mobile and stationary phases and, if charged in their electrophoretic mobilities as well. It is thus considered a hybrid of liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis and is expected to combine the high peak efficiency of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with the versatility and loading capacity of HPLC. This review explores the potential use of on-line mass spectrometric detection for CEC. It discusses key design issues that focus on the physical and electrical arrangement of the CEC column with respect to the electrospray orifice inlet. The salient features of the sheathless, sheath flow and liquid junction interfaces that are frequently employed while coupling a CEC column to an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry system are also highlighted. Possible configurations of the CEC column outlet that would obviate the need for pressurizing the capillary column are also presented. While coupling CEC with MS both the nature of the interface and the configuration of the column outlet will determine the optimal arrangement. The review also discusses bandspreading that occurs when a connecting tube is employed to transfer mobile phase from the column outlet to the atmospheric region of the electrospray source with a concomitant loss in sensitivity. Selected examples that highlight the potential of this technique for a wide range of applications are also presented.     

分子印迹聚合物颗粒在毛细管电色谱中的应用

依据分子印迹技术(MIT)制备的分子印迹聚合物(MIP)颗粒对模板分子及其结构类似物具有特异性识别和选择性吸附作用,同时具有较大的比表面积和快速的传质动力学特性,因而被广泛用作液相色谱固定相和固相萃取材料。将MIP颗粒作为固定相应用于毛细管电色谱(CEC),结合了CEC的快速、高效和MIP的高亲和性、高选择性的特点,成为分析科学领域最具有发展前景的分离技术之一。MIP颗粒在CEC领域有几种不同的应用形式: 作为填充材料填充到毛细管柱中;作为嵌入材料嵌入到毛细管柱内部不同基质的骨架中;作为准固定相添加到CEC运行缓冲溶液中。本文综述了近几年MIP颗粒在CEC领域应用的发展,对该领域今后的发展前景进行了展望。     

毛细管电色谱柱及其固定相制备技术的进展

毛细管电色谱结合了毛细管电泳的高分离效率和高效液相色谱的高选择性,因而在这几年受到了越来越多的关注。本文介绍了近期毛细管电色谱柱及其固定相制备方法和应用的进展。     

Life-time studies with capillary electrochromatography columns operated under different conditions

A test system has been established to permit the monitoring of the life-time performance of several reversed- phase capillary electrochromatography (CEC) columns. The retention factors, k(cec), peak symmetry coefficients, lambda(sym), and column efficiencies, N, of three neutral n-alkylbenzene analytes, namely ethyl-, n-butyl- and n-pentylbenzenes, were determined for Hypersil 3 microm n-octylsilica and n-octadecylsilica packed into CEC capillary columns of 100 microm I.D., with a packed length of 250 mm, and a total length of 335 mm. The performances of these CEC capillary columns were examined for a variety of eluents with pH values ranging between pH 2.0 - 8.0, similar to those employed to study the retention behaviour of peptides that we have previously reported. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the retention factors (k(cec) values) of these n-alkylbenzenes, acquired with an eluent of (25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0,)-acetonitrile (1:4, v/v), when the CEC capillary columns were used for the first time (virgin values), were 4% (based on data acquired with 4 CEC capillary columns) for the n-octyl bonded silica capillary columns, and 6% (based on 8 columns) for n-octadecyl bonded silica capillary columns. The RSD values of the k(cec) values of the n-alkylbenzenes for one set of replicates (n=6) with one CEC capillary column was < 0.5%. The theoretical plate numbers, N, for the virgin CEC capillary columns were ca. 60,000, whilst the observed N values for all new CEC capillary columns were > or = 40,000 for n-octyl bonded silica capillary columns and > or = 50,000 for n-octadecyl bonded silica capillary columns. The peak symmetry coefficients, lambda(sym), of the n-alkylbenzenes for virgin CEC capillary columns and for CEC capillary columns used for more than 1,000 injections were always in the range 0.95-1.05. The experimental results clearly document that the life-time performance of the CEC capillary columns depends on the eluent composition, as well as the nature of the analytes to which the CEC capillary columns are exposed.