Diffraction method for recording optical wave fields

We propose a method for recording an optical wave field that is based on diffraction of the optical wave field by two screens that are complementary to each other. We show that the new method ensures the measurement of the phase of the wave field with a high accuracy and spatial resolution. An optical scheme for implementing the diffraction method and an algorithm for reconstructing the phase of the wave field from the measurement data are developed. We perform a computer simulation of the experiment on recording the optical wave field based on the method proposed.     

原子束在慢波场中的多普勒频移的观察

报道了在慢波场中原子波谱多普勒频移随微波慢波系数的变化，并讨论产生这种现象的原因，实验中观察到慢波场中的原子多普勒频移现象，给出了钠原子在慢小系数分别为５．２０和１０．６７情况下的微波波谱，证实了原子微波慢波波谱中多普勒频移正比于慢波系数。     

Computational simulation of wave propagation problems in infinite domains

This paper deals with the computational simulation of both scalar wave and vector wave propagation problems in infinite domains. Due to its advantages in simulating complicated geometry and complex material properties, the finite element method is used to simulate the near field of a wave propagation problem involving an infinite domain. To avoid wave reflection and refraction at the common boundary between the near field and the far field of an infinite domain, we have to use some special treatments to this boundary. For a wave radiation problem, a wave absorbing boundary can be applied to the common boundary between the near field and the far field of an infinite domain, while for a wave scattering problem, the dynamic infinite element can be used to propagate the incident wave from the near field to the far field of the infinite domain. For the sake of illustrating how these two different approaches are used to simulate the effect of the far field, a mathematical expression for a wave absorbing boundary of high-order accuracy is derived from a two-dimensional scalar wave radiation problem in an infinite domain, while the detailed mathematical formulation of the dynamic infinite element is derived from a two-dimensional vector wave scattering problem in an infinite domain. Finally, the coupled method of finite elements and dynamic infinite elements is used to investigate the effects of topographical conditions on the free field motion along the surface of a canyon.     

On the possibility of natural formation of a transverse wave with a phase velocity lower than the velocity of light

The formation of a transverse wave with a phase velocity lower than the velocity of light, which can exist in an equilibrium plasma without a slow-wave structure in zero magnetic field, is described. It involves the transformation of a transverse wave with trapped electrons, traveling along the magnetic field, into a slow transverse wave after the removal of the magnetic field. During the evolution of the wave with trapped electrons, the magnetic induction decreases very slowly in the direction of the wave propagation. As a result, the velocity at which electrons are in resonant interaction with the wave increases; therefore, the electrons fall to the bottom of potential wells. Under the influence of the trapped electrons, the phase velocity of the wave decreases and becomes lower than the velocity of light. It becomes equal to the velocity at which the electrons are in resonance interaction with the wave at the instant when the magnetic field vanishes. It is demonstrated that a transverse wave with a velocity lower than the velocity of light can exist in an equilibrium plasma even after the magnetic field vanishes; in this case, the flow of trapped electrons serves as a slow-wave structure.     

质子交换膜燃料电池波浪形平行流场研究

质子交换膜燃料电池的传统平行流场存在着传质不佳,高电流密度下大量的液态水无法及时排出导致性能急剧下降等问题。提出了一种新型的波浪形平行流场并利用数值模拟方法优化了波浪形平行流场的几何结构。结果表明,相比于传统平行流场,波浪形平行流场不仅能够有效促进氧气的传输,还能加快液态水的去除,采用波浪形平行流场的PEMFC最大输出功率相比于传统设计提升了30.7%,当波浪长度和波幅分别为4 mm和0.8 mm时,采用新型流场的PEMFC性能达到最佳。     

重建彩色数字全息图时不同色光物光场的准确重叠研究

将数字全息检测物体表面视为散射面,球面波为参考波,使用角谱重建算法对不同波长照明情况下物平面光波场重建位置进行研究.结果表明,不考虑图像的物理意义时,衍射的一次傅里叶变换重建像中心与物光场频谱的中心相对应,以一次傅里叶变换重建像为参考,可以较好地确定物光场频谱位置,按照可变放大率的角谱重建算法实现不同色光重建场的准确重叠.     

三维超声驻波场的数字全息测量与重建研究

利用数字全息干涉术研究了超声驻波场的三维分布特征,由所记录的不同角度的超声驻波场的数字全息图,经数值再现,得到了超声驻波场的强度和相位差分布图,进而由迭代重建算法重建出超声驻波场的三维分布曲线。结果表明,数字全息干涉术与迭代重建算法相结合是测量与重建三维超声驻波场的一种方便有效方法。     

Damped waves in a cylinder shadow

The sound field in the region of a deep shadow behind an impedance cylinder is analyzed for the case of plane wave diffraction by the cylinder surface. The main part of the field is represented by a cylindrical wave that has a complex index determined from the boundary conditions and decays with the angular coordinate. An expression for the amplitude of this wave is determined by extracting it from the total field formed in the shadow region. It is demonstrated that this wave approximates more closely the total field behind the cylinder, as compared to the least damped wave in the field representation obtained on the basis of the Watson transform. A way to improve the sound barriers is indicated.     

球面电磁波斜入射建筑物内场的数值分析

为了分析窄带电磁脉冲源近、远场辐照大型建筑物内部空间电磁场分布特点,采用时域有限差分方法,对比分析平面波、球面波场源正面斜入射多层多单元建筑物的计算结果,并较为全面地分析了各房间各水平面中心电场强度幅值、各层各水平面电场强度最大值分布情况。建筑物各层相对应高度面上场强分布近似,在电磁波传播方向上窗户房间内部区域场强较强,两种波场源入射结果基本一致;在其余区域场强较弱,特别是在较大空间内的区域,球面波场源入射下场强相对更弱。其中通过与待模拟建筑物外形相紧凑性匹配的球面波场源构建,模拟仿真了窄带球面电磁波在真空空间的辐射传播,计算结果验证所构建球面波近场源准确可行。     

Absorption and generation of electromagnetic waves by structural inhomogeneities of solid

The integrability conditions of the electromagnetic field equations in a continuum with defects and their wave solutions are found. The following dislocation effects on the electromagnetic wave propagation in a continuous medium are investigated: the change in the direction of the electromagnetic wave propagation in a continuous medium; the rotation of the polarization plane of electromagnetic field wave in a continuous medium; the excitation of longitudinal components of the electromagnetic wave in a continuous medium and the change in the electromagnetic wave intensity related to this phenomenon. The energy balance equation for the electromagnetic field in a continuum with a stationary distribution of dislocation is found and it is shown that an electromagnetic wave excites exciton modes localized at dislocations in the solid.     

Plasma-maser instability of the ion acoustics wave in the presence of lower hybrid wave turbulence in inhomogeneous plasma

A theoretical study is made on the generation mechanism of ion acoustics wave in the presence of lower hybrid wave turbulence field in inhomogeneous plasma on the basis of plasma-maser interaction. The lower hybrid wave turbulence field is taken as the low-frequency turbulence field. The growth rate of test high frequency ion acoustics wave is obtained with the involvement of spatial density gradient parameter. A comparative study of the role of density gradient for the generation of ion acoustics wave on the basis of plasma-maser effect is presented. It is found that the density gradient influences the growth rate of ion acoustics wave.     

磁化分层等离子体中电磁波传播特性研究

采用混合矩阵法,分析了磁化分层等离子鞘套对斜入射电磁波传播特性的影响,分别计算了不同入射角以及外加磁场下电磁波透射系数和极化特性的变化。以GPS导航信号右旋圆极化波(RCP)为例,研究了磁场、电子密度对电磁波右旋圆极化特性的影响。结果表明,外加磁场能够使右旋圆极化波在等离子体中的阻带向高频方向移动,此外,外加磁场能在一定程度上改善斜入射是圆极化波的极化特性,有利于GPS信号接收。     

基于鞍点法与互易性的远探测波场模拟*

声波远探测中波场是非轴对称的,采用数值算法计算波场会耗费大量时间,无法满足实际测井数据实时处理的需求。为了解决这一问题,该文采用解析法分别计算辐射场和井外界面反射波激发的井内响应。首先利用鞍点法获得井内声源的远场辐射波场,并与实轴积分获得的精确结果进行比较验证解的正确性。然后将反射波等效为集中力的辐射波,利用集中力与井内声源的互易关系获得反射波激发的井内波场解,该解答与有限差分模拟结果一致。该方法为远探测的正演模拟和远探测结果的及时评价提供了有效手段。     

电子在激光驻波场中运动产生的太赫兹及X射线辐射研究

采用单电子模型和经典辐射理论分别对低能和高能电子在线偏振激光驻波场中的运动和辐射过程进行了研究. 结果表明: 垂直于激光电场方向入射的低速电子在激光驻波场中随着光强的增大, 逐渐从一维近周期运动演变为二维折叠运动, 并产生强的微米量级波长的太赫兹辐射; 高能电子垂直或者平行于激光电场方向入射到激光驻波场中, 都会产生波长在几个纳米的高频辐射; 低能电子与激光驻波场作用中, 激光强度影响着电子的运动形式、辐射频率以及辐射强度; 高能电子入射时, 激光强度影响了电子高频辐射的强度, 电子初始能量影响着辐射的频率; 电子能量越高, 产生的辐射频率越大. 研究表明可以由激光加速电子的方式得到不同能量的电子束, 并利用电子束在激光驻波场的辐射使之成为太赫兹和X射线波段的小型辐射源. 研究结果可以为实验研究和利用激光驻波场中的电子辐射提供依据.     

A slow wave with the structure of an electromagnetic wave in piezoelectric and magnetostrictive media

The propagation of elastic waves in piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials is considered theoretically. It is shown that an elastic wave in a piezoelectric can create not only a longitudinal electric field parallel to the wave normal (longitudinal piezoactivity) but also a transverse field of electric induction (transverse piezoactivity). The presence of a transverse induction field leads to the appearance of a magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of the wave normal and to the induction vector; therefore, the transverse-piezoactive wave is accompanied by a transverse wave having the structure of an electromagnetic wave and propagating with the speed of sound. Transverse-magnetostrictive elastic waves in magnetostrictive dielectrics are accompanied by a similar wave.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 32–36, October, 1976.     

The ultrasonic transient field radiated by a normal shear wave probe

The ultrasonic transient field of horizontally polarized shear wave radiated by a 2/2 piezoelectric composite normal probe was analyzed. The analytic field solutions for two different surface force sources were deduced and the transient displacement field distribution on the central cross-section was plotted by numerical calculations. Direct wave and edge wave as well as head wave were observed distinctly in the plots. The experimental results of time domain waveform conformed with the theoretical predictions, which supported the theoretical and numerical results about the transient field of the transducer.     

Horizontal array beamforming in an azimuthally anisotropic internal wave field

A numerical study of beamforming on a horizontal array is performed in a shallow water waveguide where a summer thermocline is perturbed by a time evolving realization of an internal wave field. The components of the internal wave field consist of a horizontally (azimuthally) isotropic, spatially homogeneous contribution, and a horizontally anisotropic, spatially inhomogeneous component. These terms represent a diffuse ("background") internal wave field and a localized solitary wave packet, respectively. Conventional beamforming is performed as a function of time while the internal wave field evolves throughout a computational volume containing the source-receiver paths. Source-receiver orientation with respect to the azimuthally anisotropic component has a significant effect on the beamformed output. When the source-receiver configuration is oriented approximately parallel to the solitary wave crests, beam wander, fading, beam splitting and coherence length degradation occurs in a time-dependent manner as the solitary wave packet passes through the environment. Both horizontal refraction of energy and a time-dependent modal source excitation distribution are responsible for these beamforming effects. In cases where source-receiver orientation is not approximately parallel to the wave crests, these effects are substantially reduced or eliminated, indicating that an azimuthally selective perturbation of the acoustic field can be attributed to the wave packet. Modal decomposition of the acoustic field and single mode starting fields are used to infer that, for the source-receiver orientation along the wave crests and troughs, acoustic propagation is predominantly adiabatic. A modal phase speed analysis explains several features associated with the beamformed power.     

Darboux transformation and dark rogue wave states arising from two-wave resonance interaction

Exact rogue wave solutions of the long wave–short wave resonance equation are obtained via Darboux transformations. Compared to the real long-wave field which always features a single hump structure, the short-wave field can be manifested as bright rogue wave, intermediate rogue wave, or dark rogue wave, depending on the subtle nonlinearity driven by the long-wave field.     

Electron in crossed constant electromagnetic fields and a plane wave field

The Dirac equation for an electron interacting with constant homogeneous orthogonal magnetic and electric fields (E = H) and with the field of a plane wave being propagated in a direction perpendicular sto E and H is solved exactly. The plane wave field is hence considered either classically or in a quantized manner, or as the field of a wave consisting of classical and quantized parts.     

The Young principle and integration-masked lumped sources of a diffracted field

A methodologically simple modification of the Young principle is proposed for describing diffracted field formation in problems of wave diffraction by the sharp edges of screens and wedges without using Sommerfeld’s two-sheeted space. The method of determining the diffracted field constructs the derivative of the field by introducing lumped sources positioned at given scattering edges with subsequent integration of the constructed field along the directions parallel to the wave fronts of the incident plane wave.