茚三酮比色法测定茶叶中游离氨基酸总量方法存在问题的探讨

氨基酸是茶叶中的主要成分,茶叶中氨基酸与茶叶嫩度有密切关系,它对茶汤的滋味、色泽也有较明显的影响,是形成茶叶香气和鲜爽度的重要成分.茶叶中有20多种游离氨基酸,其中茶氨酸占氨基酸总量的50%以上.     

非土壤因素对茶叶铅污染的影响

通过对18个茶叶生产厂家的分析调查发现,精制茶的生产工艺对茶叶的铅含量在总体上有降低作用,而粗制茶的加工工艺却有增加的趋势,因此茶叶生产工艺对茶叶的铅含量影响很大。通过用水清洗鲜叶发现,茶叶表面有相当一部分的铅可以洗脱下来,这说明在茶叶的种植过程中,大气中粉尘沉降对茶叶也有铅污染的作用。据此提出了一些建议和改进措施。     

茶叶专用营养剂对金萱茶微量元素和黄酮的影响

为探讨茶叶专用植物营养剂对金萱茶微量元素和黄酮含量的影响,以自研制的茶叶专用植物营养剂做试验,分别以稀释300、500、800倍施用到金萱茶中,采取每轮茶施肥一次,并以喷清水、1%尿素和其它品牌的茶叶营养剂稀释300倍作参照,用等离子体原子发射光谱法和分光光度法对施用不同肥料的金萱茶微量元素和黄酮含量分别进行了测定。结果表明,施用自研制的茶叶专用植物营养剂,金萱茶Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu,B等微量元素含量大大增加,黄酮含量也显著增多,这与施加含有益活性菌体和多种酶及微量元素的肥料有关。     

浅论绿茶与乌龙茶氟含量对人体健康的影响

分别用重蒸水和自来水，通过蒸煮法和浸泡法制出不同浓度的绿茶液和乌龙茶液，对比测定研究茶液中氟含量，结果表明，茶液中的氟含量随茶叶浓度增加而增加，且乌龙茶高于绿茶，当茶叶浓度超过１０．０ｇ／Ｌ时，茶液中的氟含量即超过国家饮水卫生标准，提示人们饮用水茶液浓度在５．０ｇ／Ｌ左右为宜。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中5种农药残留量

我国是世界茶叶主要生产国和出口国之一,尤以绿茶、乌龙茶、普洱茶、花茶等闻名于世。然而为了防治茶树病虫害,各种化学农药在茶园中被广泛使用,不可避免地导致茶叶中的农药残留超标,茶叶中农药残留问题已成为茶叶质量安全的焦点之一。欧盟和日本作为我国茶叶出口的两大市场,均对茶叶制定了苛刻的农药残留限量标准[1-2]。而我国的相关标准相对滞后,建立和完善茶叶中多种农药残留同时检测的分析方法尤为迫切。     

碧螺春茶叶新检测标准今年起执行

2009年开始,苏州碧螺春的检测将实施新标准,一旦茶叶检测不合格,即使是原产地的洞庭碧螺春茶也很难销售。碧螺春新的检测标准,是对茶叶中的铅和稀土2种污染物含量以及9种农残含量作出限量规定,与老标准相比,新的检测标准将更加严格。据西湖龙井资讯平台了解,一个月后明前碧螺春就要上市,苏州质监部门目前已经做好了新标检测的前期准备。负责人在此间表示,春茶上市后,他们将对市场上的茶叶进行抽样检测,一旦发现问题,则“问题茶叶”所在茶园采摘的茶叶将有可能被全部禁售。2008年东山和西山的洞庭碧螺春茶产量为186t左右,今年在执行检测新标以后,碧螺春的春茶产量将有可能减少,而往年大规模催熟、促长茶叶的行为,也将被严格禁止。(仪器信息网)碧螺春茶叶新检测标准今年起执行     

茶叶中的铅

采用原子吸收汾光光度法对我国一些常用茶中Ｐｂ进行了测定，结果表明茶叶中的Ｐｂ通过一般食品，应引起重视。     

含毒死蜱残留茶叶的自然基体标准样品研制

为获得与真实检测样品完全一致的含毒死蜱残留茶叶自然基体标准样品,建立了其制备方法。以每亩约31.2 g毒死蜱用药量对茶树喷洒0.22 g/L毒死蜱药液,监控检测施药后茶叶中毒死蜱含量,适时采茶,正常制茶,磨粉过网筛获得含毒死蜱残留茶粉样。经均匀性检验、稳定性检验、协同定值和不确定度评估,制得检测质量控制用含毒死蜱残留茶叶自然基体标准样品。     

微波萃取毛细管电泳等离子体原子发射光谱法分析银杏中的元素形态

以微波萃取提取银杏叶与银杏果中的水溶液。采用毛细管电泳-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(CE-ICP-AES),对银杏叶与银杏果水提取液中的Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu等元素的形态进行了研究,并对这些元素在银杏叶和银杏果中的含量及其水提取液中的提取率做了对比研究。     

抚州秀谷茶场茶叶中微量元素分析

对抚州地区秀茶场产的茶叶进行了微量元素测定，提供了五种茶的微量元素谱，同时还对比了秀谷茶场产茶和英德红茶中的微量元素含量的差异。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。